5 Top reasons Carlsbad SWRO plant chose Pressure Exchanger Technology. Borja Blanco; Rolando Bosleman; Carlos Camero. Energy Recovery, Inc.

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1 5 Top reasons Carlsbad SWRO plant chose Pressure Exchanger Technology Borja Blanco; Rolando Bosleman; Carlos Camero. Energy Recovery, Inc.

2 Desalination Process with PX technology The PX device saves up to 60% of the energy required in the Reverse Osmosis process by direct transfer of the energy contained in the HP concentrate into an equal amount of feedwater flow. Therefore a smaller HPP is needed to supply just about 40% of the membranes feed flow. 2 bar 64 bar 1 bar 62 bar 61 bar 2 bar 1 bar

3 How the PX technology works

4 How the PX technology works

5 PX-Q300 Characteristics Several characteristics that make the PX-Q300 the most advanced energy recovery device currently available are: Designed for 25+ years lifetime, no required scheduled maintenance or parts replacement; Only one moving part in a frictionless hydrodynamic bearing; Improved ceramic formulation; 97.2% guaranteed efficiency at normalized factory test conditions. Less mixing ratio than former 65-series pressure exchangers; About 15 dba noise reduction with respect to former 65-series pressure exchangers. Lowest ever hydraulic pressure losses than any other existing isobaric device; and Simple external outline with total symmetry for an easier manifold construction and layout design.

6 The Carlsbad SWRO desalination plant Located in San Diego, on the southern California coast. Capacity of 204,412 m³/day (54 MGD), The largest Reverse Osmosis SWRO plant being constructed in the Western hemisphere today. Will serve 300,000 local residents and provide San Diego County with approximately 7% of its total water supply by Carlsbad selected the PX Pressure Exchanger based on these (and other) facts: The PX will save an estimated 116 million kwh (kilowatt-hours) of energy per year; $12 million in energy costs / year (or 41,000 metric tons per year of CO₂ emissions - equivalent to yearly gas emissions from 8,542 passenger vehicles. With 144 PX-Q300 units grouped in 8 PX arrays of 18 units, Energy Recovery is helping the Carlsbad SWRO plant reach its carbon neutral goal.

7 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION:TOP FIVE REASONS Chart 1 below shows the efficiency measured at the ERI s factory test stand for each one of the PX-Q300 units manufactured to date.

8 Continued The average efficiency for the PX-Q300 device is over 97%. The standard deviation (σ) of the PX- Q300 device, as shown in Table 1, is very low at approximately 0.11%, providing highly consistent performance from unit to unit and stability over time.

9 ERD system availability is highly critical to sustain water quality and quantity. Data collected from several PX-installed SWRO mega-plants -running at full capacity and 365 days a year- exhibit availability higher than 99.8% (Clemente R., September 2011). This is less than 1 day per year of unplanned downtime. Consider the cost of 1 day of downtime?

10 Continued In comparison, detailed availability surveys at different SWRO desalination plants found average unplanned downtime -attributed to Competing Isobaric technologies failure- is 25.5 days per year. As a conservative estimate 12 days per year were considered in the table 3 below.

11 PX devices are made of a corrosion-proof, high purity aluminum oxide ceramic. The rotor turns up to 1,000 rpm in an almost frictionless hydrodynamic bearing. From field data PX ceramic cartridge wears at less than 3 microns per year. 3 microns/year means mm (0.003 inches) over 25 years.

12 Continued More than 98% of the PX device materials of construction in contact with feed and concentrate water are made of FRP, plastic and ceramics which never corrode, while the remaining 2% are built of the highest grade super duplex alloys, super austenitic alloys and titanium Plastic Seal Plate FRP Vessel Titanium connectors Ceramic Cartridge Super duplex ports

13 The PX-Q300 incorporates micrometric depressurization channels that have allowed a great reduction in noise from their predecessors (PX-260, PX-220, PX-180). Chart 2 below shows the third octave band sound spectrum under 1000 psi and 250 GPM, the weighted dba noise is 72 dba under these conditions.

14 Over 15,000 PX Pressure Exchanger ERDs have been installed on seven continents, producing 12 billion liters of fresh water daily. The installed PX devices continue to perform consistently as predicted during the initial plant design phases. For example, the predicted performance for the PX-Q300 system at the Carlsbad s 204,412 m³/d (54 MGD) is shown in Table 4.

15 Conclusions When the Carlsbad plant comes on line in 2015, it will bring the largest, most technologically advanced and energy-efficient desalination plant in the western hemisphere to San Diego County. The goal for any SWRO desalination plant is to deliver the highest quality water at the lowest operating cost. While OPEX was an important factor in selecting the PX-Q300, other factors included availability (plant uptime), emissions reductions (sustainability and carbon neutral goal), predicted performance (guarantees), small installed footprint, and a lifetime designed for 25+ years (material quality). The actual field performance of PX devices have consistently met or exceeded the guaranteed values in terms of maximum efficiency and minimum salinity increase at every single megaplant operating in the world today. These consistent results are proven vital when EPC contractors must provide maximum power consumption guarantees to off-takers or end-users, as is the case for Carlsbad s WPA. Carlsbad s SWRO plant will be held to the highest industry standards. The isobaric PX energy recovery devices are a precision designed engineered technology, where the most advanced knowledge in materials science, chemistry formulation and manufacturing processes have been applied for optimum performance.

16 Thank You! Borja Blanco Senior VP Sales Carlos Camero Global MPD Sales Manager Rolando Bosleman Senior Technical Manager