Evolution in the quality of inspections of industrial safety, caused by new modes of regulation. JESÚS ANTONIO MÉNTRIDA PISANO October 2015

Transcription

1 Evolution in the quality of inspections of industrial safety, caused by new modes of regulation JESÚS ANTONIO MÉNTRIDA PISANO October

2 Productivity Safety Quality 2

3 If there is no quality control... An 18 year old young adult dies in Mallorca, electrocuted by a lamppost, he received a shock when he touched it during the holidays... An 81 year old lady dies when a lift falls and crashes. The accident occurred when she was in a lift in a building... A child died in a nursery after receiving an electric shock from a sewer... A steam boiler explosion in a meat factory has left one worker dead and another two injured with serious burns 3

4 If there is no quality control... 4

5 Index 1. INTRODUCTION (1) 2. OBJETIVES (1) 3. PREMISES (10) o What is Industrial Safety? Diapositiva 54 o History and evolution of industrial control legislation Diapositiva 55 o The Relevant Administration Bodies Diapositiva METHODOLOGY (2) 5. RESULTS (18) 6. CONCLUSIONS (9) 7. FUTURE RESEARCH LINES (2) 341 Control 313 Royal Decree 173 Standar 156 Law 146 Industrial Safetyl 48 Legislation (1.177 a 60 un 5 %) 5

6 Introduction An idea under permanent revision!!! v Compliance with regulatory technical requirements, which are mandatory for both users and owners. v The Public Administration is responsible for guaranteeing the safety of its products and industrial buildings. v The evaluators (Control Bodies) are private companies which carry out public tasks: rating, authorisation, licensing... v Legislative modifications in industrial safety control: sentences > elimination, authorization and bankruptcy. SD, SC v Economic liberalisation: questions accreditation, eliminates requirements, and replaces a priori control with a posteriori control.. Quality inspections? 6

7 Objetives Does an unstable framework ensures lower risks? v Analyse guarantees for an acceptable level of risk. Diapositiva 57 v Value the regulatory compliance of the owners. Diapositiva 55 v Compare safety levels in the different AACC. v Is the quality of the inspection services affected? v a posteriori control guarantee a suitable technical rigour? v Does accreditation ensure the reliability, responsibility, independence, impartiality and integrity of operators? v Without authorization, does the Administration exercise proper control over the operators? Information on inspections and defectology. Variation in time 7

8 Premises What is Industrial Safety? v Object the prevention and limitation of risks: labour, products, processes, facilities and roads. Diapositiva 56 v Surname by Citizen or People, since it affects us and is part of our everyday lives. Diapositiva 57 v It is invisible reality, when it ceases to exist, risk appears, critical situations, accidents and damages occur. Diapositiva 58 v Public safety, sécurité, seg. industrial= absence of people at risk v Security, sûreté, protección civil = physical security (catastrophes) Private Hands: technical industry and progress. Administration: inspections and control. 8

9 Premises History and development of the legislation v 1794 French, the aristocracy of the technique in the State (École Polytechnique) APAVE (Gapave) v 1850 German, in associations of engineers who will develop standardization and technical control systems (Sachverständiger) TÜV (VdTÜV) v 1890 Anglo-Saxon, within the framework of industrial companies relationships with insurance companies (Boiler explosions Act) Lloyd s Register v 1904 Spain, first Regulations on Industrial Inspection, creation of the Body of Inspectors and Department of Industry and Labour: "As it is the case in more developed countries (associations) that do not exist in Spain." The guarantee of the I.S concerning public safety, is the indisputable role of the State.. 10 countries (Associations+OCDE) promoting 1961 CEOC. Technical Committees: AP,EV,AG + GT in CEN and ISO Rules for good practices and inspection guides 9

10 Premises Evolution, regulation and applicable law (1) Nov. 24th 1939 Law for the management and defence of the national industry v 1951 Treaty CECA (9th may 1950 plan R. Schuman) v 1957 Treaty of Roma, the EEC is created Order November 2 nd 1966 Entities, Associations or ECA recognition and testing of equipment possessing pressure fluids (Regulation 1952) Diapositiva 59 RD 735/1979 general norms fulfilled by ECA. RD 2584/1981 General Regulations for MIE actions, standardization and certification (ECA,RELE and accreditation DGIyT) (ANSIC) D348/1985 Cataluña: different legislation compared rest Country (concession) v 1985 New approach concerning harmonization and standardization v 1986 Entry into the EEC RD 1407/1987 regulates the ENICREadapting the new competitive industrial framework for the AACC. (CC 243/1994) v 1989 Global approach on conformity assessment 10

11 Premises Evolution, regulation and applicable law (and 2) Industry Law 21/1992, promotion, responsibility and competitiveness v 1992 Maastrich Treaty, EU replaces EEC. Single Market RD 2200/1995 (RICSI) Industrial infrastructure, quality and safety OCA v Decisión EC/768/2008 common framework for commercialization of products v Regulation EC/765/2008 organization and operation accreditation v SD EC/123/2006 related to internal market services Law 12/2008 de S.I. Cataluña, system of concession to authorization Law 17/2009 free access of service activities and their exercise Diapositiva 60 Law 25/2009 amending various laws for adaptation to SD RD 338/2010 amending relevant aspects of RICSI by SD (no solvency) SC 2011/69 june 29th 2011 (Not authorised) SC 2011/70 february 27th 2012 (OC unipers: statutes, organizations, government, technical means) J.H.C. of Andalucía de 29 de octubre de 2013 (No acreditación OC unipers.) Law 20/2013 GUM (justifies authorizations public safety reasons) Law 32/2014, Metrología, modifica Ley 21: acreditación y habilitación RD Law 9/2014 of I.S. Cataluña, system of authorization to RD 11

12 Premises "Key" Regulation New Approach: technical harmonization and standardization Essential requirements should be met by products marketed market. The technical specifications in guidelines shall be set on standardised norms. Global Approach: Conformity evaluation Modules, choose the adequate conformity evaluation process. Intervention of Notified Bodies (NB). Manufacturer certification with the CE mark of conformity. Mutual recognition agreements. RD 2200/1995 (RICSI) creditable infrastructure: Quality: certification, Laboratories calibration and testing, audits I.S.: Control Bodies (CB) and environmental verifiers Regulation EC/765/2008 Organization and operation of accreditation. Framework of market surveillance which ensures safety and health of citizens. SD EC/123/2006 related to services in the internal market: public safety protección civil.. Not considering industrial safety, as an overriding reason of general interest. 12

13 Premises "Key" Concepts v Confused the function of an economic activity with a service provided, as a public service delegated by the Administration. v Legislating, a European-related terminology and regulation is used for the commercialization of products, during the legislation of the control and safety of the facilities, which are internal. v Three different definitions of the CB: in 1992 and 1995 they were public or private legal entities. In 2010 "natural or legal persons and in 2014 "individual or legal persons". vthree different justifications in its management regime: in 1985 due to concession "inspection is related to the level of quality." In 2008 due to authorization "inspection is not voluntarily requested by the user". In 2014 by responsible declaration, because "it is not considered that there are overriding reasons of general interest". 13

14 Premises Evolution number of C.B. operators Control Bodies ,64 %

15 Premises Evolution, regulation and rules for Vehicle Inspection Code 1934, demands inspections in the JOP Order 9th June 1980 on Entities collaborating with Vehicle verification RD 3073/80, 1st regulation of V.I public service vehicles RD 3272/81, declaring preferential interest in PTI activity Diapositiva 61 RD 3273/81, rewords RD 3073/80 all vehicles except privates RD 1987/85, operation and management: AACC, SEM or concession (I.E.) RD 2344/85, greater requisites for private vehicles RDL 339/90, traffic rules and penalty system RD 2042/94, adaptation of D 91/328/ECC, control types and periodicities RD 1357/98, modifiesa art 2 of RD 2042 RD 2822/98, Regulation General of Vehícles RDL 7/2000, liberalise activity, authorization (Appeal CC 332/2005) RD 833/2003, V.I technical requirements to be authorised RD 711/2006, modifies different aspects of V.I and RGV RD 224/2008, by CC management:aacc,sem,concession or authorization Directiva 2009/40/EC concerning the control of emissions Directiva 2010/48/EU aspects on the innovation and harmonization of the inspection Directive 2014/45/EU high-quality level, I+I+I, supervision, accreditation 15

16 Premises Evolution P.T.I. management type AACC Management regime Rates Comments Andalucía Public company Fixed VEIASA constituted in 1989 Aragón Concession Fixed End of license 2020 Asturias Public company Fixed ITVASA constituted in 1987 Baleares Concession Fixed In Ibiza it is Official. End of license 2017 Canarias Concesión y Autorización Maximun 2007 authorization. End of license 2019 Cantabria Concession Fixed 1 Official. End of license 2018 and 2028 Castilla-La Mancha Limited authorization Maximun In 2002 authorization Castilla y León Concession Fixed End of license 2029 Cataluña Autorización limitativa Maximun Extremadura Direct public and Concession Maximun 2013 license 8 new stations 25 years Galicia Concession Fixed End of license 2023 La Rioja Limited authorization Maximun In 2012 establishes authorization Madrid Authorization Free In 2011 establishes authorization Murcia Concession Fixed 1 Official. End of license 2017 Navarra Concession Fixed End of license 2019 País Vasco Concession Fixed 1 Official vehicle Police. End of license 2023 C. Valenciana Concession Fixed End of license

17 Premises Evolution supply and demand of P.T.I. + 7,36 % annual + 8, 35 % annual -1,57 % annual 17

18 Methodology Annual Reports of CB performance v Periodic inspections conducted between 2003 and v Comparison with Germany, the leading industrial power in the EU. Its GDP is 2.5 times bigger that of Spain, and industry-wise, 4.4 times. v To homogenize all the territory, I have considered the top 12 generic fields: Pressure equipment Diapositiva 63 High voltage electricity Low voltage electricity Storage of chemical products Transports of goods: dangerous, perishable and containers Combustible gases Refrigeration systems Lifting equipment: lifts, tower cranes for construction, self-propelled cranes and lift directive Thermal installations in buildings Fire systems Oil installations: stockyards, storage and proper use and service stations Serious accidents 18

19 Methodology Number periodic inspections Inspecciones periódicas realizadas por Organismos de Control en España Campos Equipos a presión Eléctricas Alta Tensión Eléctricas Baja tensión Almacenamiento productos químicos Vehículos ADR peligrosas Vehículos ATP perecederas Contenedores CSC mercancías Transporte mercancías Gases combustibles Instalaciones frigoríficas Ascensores Gruas torre para obras Grúas móviles autopropulsadas Directiva ascensores (nuevos equipos) Equipos elevación Instalaciones térmicas edificios Instalaciones contra incendios Parque de almacenamiento combustibles Instalaciones de uso propio Estaciones servicio vehículos Instalaciones petrolíferas Accidentes graves Instalaciones seguridad industrial

20 Methodology Number inspections, defects and typology 20

21 Results Variation of accredited fields Fields % Pressure equipment ,00% Electric high-voltage ,71% Electric Low-voltage ,65% Storage of chemical products ,00% Vehicles ADR dangerous ,67% Vehicles ATP perishable ,77% Containers CSC goods ,00% Storage fixed deposits GLP ,33% Almacenamiento envases GLP ,00% Gas service stations 7 7 0,00% Plants Satellites GNL 5 5 0,00% Refrigerated facilities 8 8 0,00% Lifts ,18% Tower cranes for construction ,25% Thermal installations in buildings ,33% Fire protection facilities ,38% Fuel storage park ,67% Service station vehicles and self-use ,67% Serious accidents ,00% Industrial safety regulated fields ,39% Accredited control bodies ,65% 21

22 Results Accreditations increase CB / GDP AACC % % GDP CB ANDALUCIA ,80 57, ARAGON ,76 20, ASTURIAS ,09 20, BALEARES ,88 33, CANARIAS ,47 33, CANTABRIA ,12 0, CASTILLA-LA MANCHA ,37 16, CASTILLA Y LEON ,60 45, CATALUÑA ,71 44, COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA ,64 69, EXTREMADURA ,58 12, GALICIA ,39 30, LA RIOJA ,31 20, COMUNIDAD DE MADRID ,29 53, REGION DE MURCIA ,72 27, NAVARRA ,92 0, PAIS VASCO ,46 50, Total ,61 33,

23 Results Unbalance of supply and demand 80,00% 60,00% 40,00% 20,00% 0,00% 57,14% 29,80% 45,45% 69,23% 25,60% 27,64% 53,85% 32,29% 50,00% 30,46% v This situation can lead to a saturation of the supply and an access of competition. v The need to adjust supply and demand within a regulated sector is carried out according to price parameters of the service and according to the technical rigour of inspections. v In other words: the lower the quality of inspections, the bigger the risk for owners and users. 23

24 Results Operators increase PTI PTI % Inspections Stations Inspections Stations Inspections Stations Andalucía ,08% 40,00% Aragón ,51% 114,29% Asturias ,54% 12,50% Baleares ,84% 14,29% Canarias ,12% 21,43% Cantabria ,17% 133,33% Castilla-La Mancha ,68% 164,71% Castilla y León ,06% 70,83% Cataluña ,30% 61,29% Extremadura ,89% 33,33% Galicia ,67% 21,05% Madrid ,64% 123,53% Murcia ,52% 0,00% Navarra ,66% 100,00% País Vasco ,76% 0,00% Rioja ,68% 0,00% Valencia ,51% 4,17% Total 17 CCAA ,88% 48,13% 24

25 Results Dispersion supply and demand PTI 180,00% 160,00% 140,00% 120,00% 100,00% 80,00% 60,00% 40,00% 20,00% Inspecciones Estaciones 0,00%

26 Results Different supply depending on the territories CCAA Vehicles % Nº ITV Vehicles Variation % Nº ITV Variación % % nº 2007 rejections rejections 2013 rejections stations Andalucía , , ,57-8,97 Aragón , , ,00-8,90 Asturias , , ,50 3,56 Baleares , , ,29-9,86 Canarias , , ,43-35,77 Cantabria , , ,33-13,84 Castilla-Mancha , , ,66-16,40 Castilla y León , , ,89-19,84 Cataluña , , ,63-12,02 Extremadura , , ,00-6,85 Galicia , , ,05-1,18 Madrid , , ,52-8,99 Murcia , ,65 8 0,00 53,80 Navarra , , ,00-13,92 País Vasco , ,9 8 0,00-12,80 La Rioja , , ,00-6,81 Valencia , ,9 26 4,00-36, , , ,45-11,56 v This situation generates different levels of rigour, which correspond to the inspections of different levels of lack of discipline. v Road safety is not the same in all regions. 26

27 Results Dispersion of stations and rejection of regions 160,00 140,00 120,00 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 20,00 Estaciones Rechazos 0,00-20, ,00-60,00 27

28 Results Defects variation according to PTI management type Year Autonomous Community Vehicles Inspected Vehicles Rejected Percentage faults No Stations No Lines System , Public G , Public G , Public G , Public G , Public G Andalucía , Public G , Public G , Public G , Public G , Public G , Public G. 80,00 60,00 40,00 Porcentaje defectos Número estaciones ,00 0,00 24,92 25,56 25,96 24,80 25, ,63 28

29 Results Defects variation according to PTI management type Year Autonomous Community Vehicles Inspected Vehicles Rejected Percentage faults No Stations No Lines System , Concession , Authorization , Authorization , Authorization , Authorization Castilla-La , Authorization Mancha , Authorization , Sectoral , authorization and , planning , Porcentaje defectos Número estaciones 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0, ,14 16,22 13, ,42 11, ,98 29

30 Results Variation defects I.S. fields Variation period Not faulty 47,43 51,26 56,55 67,78 69,74 67,84 66,92 41,09% Minor 3,69 8,09 6,93 6,68 8,73 10,01 8,90 141,19% Serious 48,87 40,65 36,52 25,54 21,53 22,15 24,18-50,52% Sin Defecto Leve Grave 69,74 67,84 66, ,87 3,69 51,26 56,55 67,78 40,65 36,52 25,54 21,53 22,15 24,18 8,09 6,93 6,68 8,73 10,01 8,

31 Results Variations lift field Variation period Not faulty 14,77 24,56 32,4 40,81 51,94 61,09 66,41 349,63% Minor 22,21 20,78 21,08 19,68 18,87 16,75 15,92-28,32% Serious 63,02 54,56 46,52 39,51 29,18 22,15 17,66-71,98% ,02 Sin Defecto Leve Grave 54,56 51,94 61,09 66, , ,51 32,4 29,18 24,56 22,21 21,08 19,68 18,87 22,15 17, ,77 15,

32 Results Spain / Germany (Operators / Facilities) ,41 % ,64 % Inspecciones Operadores vrelation No of existing operators for the equipment market disproportionate Zugelassene Überwachungsstelle Druck Aufzugsanlagen Feuer und Explosionsgefahr Brennstoff-Lagerung % 9,33 % Field of action Pressur e Lifts ATEX facilities Storage of fuel Inspecciones Operadores 32

33 Results Spain / Germany (Defectology %) 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% ,30% ,60% ,20% Nº operadores España % defectos ascensores España ,10% ,90% vexcess in the number of competitors for the existing market, lowers the technical rigour. 33,60% 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% ,81% 44,62% 51,31% 57,64% 64,78% 50,86% % defectos Ascensores Alemania % defectos ascensores España 80,00% 75,30% 67,60% 70,00% 64,78% 59,20% 57,64% 60,00% 49,81% 51,31% 50,86% 48,10% 50,00% 44,62% 38,90% 40,00% 33,60% 0,00%

34 Results RDA experience increase accident rate 1968: Transfer from governmental inspection body to competent persons Source: Pangert, R. Schlosser, K.: Arbeitsschutz: Änderungen und Auswirkungen, Beispiel: Schadensentwicklung bei überwachungspflichtigen Anlagen in der DDR in Arbeitsschutz Aktuell, JG. 55, Ausgabe 3/2004, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 34

35 Results Spain (relation operators/% defects) OC Sin defecto Leve Grave

36 Resultados Inspection fees Agreement 2003 ICT/104/2002 Agreement 2013 PRE/402/2008 Fees for inspection services in Spain /h inspection 23, ,76 73,75 Fields Time Pressure systems Boiler 100 < P x V < ,28 770,84 254,08 817,09 Electric High Voltage P = 500 < KVA < ,5 106,47 262,05 142,92 277,77 Electric Low voltage P = 20 < KW < ,3 320,9 158,80 340,15 Storage of chemical products 600 m3 < V < m , ,32 376,28 ADR dangerous vehicles 2,5 59,15 167,5 79,40 184,38 Vehicles ATP perishable 3 70, ,28 221,25 CSC freight containers 3 70, ,28 221,25 Fuel gases1 deposit GLP industrial 5 118,3 197,58 158,80 209,43 Refrigeration facilities P < 100 KW 4 94,64 234,52 127,04 257,50 Lifts 2 47,32 148,39 63,52 161,75 Tower cranes for class 1 works 3,5 82,81 248,5 111,16 260,10 Mobile cranes 3,5 82,81 246,28 111,16 273,92 Directive for lifts (new equipment) 8 189, ,08 590,00 Thermal instalations in buildings 150 < KW < ,96 256,33 190,56 276,84 Fire protection systems 4,5 106,47 301,5 142,92 331,88 Park for fuel storage 6 141, ,56 442,50 Own-use facilities V < 10 m3 2 47,32 142,58 63,52 151,13 Vehicle service stations 4,5 106,47 301,50 142,92 331,88 Serious accidents , ,60 737,50 Industrial safety facilities 4,84 114,56 324,42 153,79 357,11 36

37 Results Cataluña / rest of Spain market volume Industrial safety inspections % Total Spain ,41% Cataluña ,17% Rest of the Country ,11% Cataluña Market Value ( ) ,17% Rest of the Country Market Value ( ) ,11% 60,00 50,00 50,17 54,00 40,00 30,00 32,28 34,11 20,00 15,80 10,00 4,00 0,00 % inspecciones Cataluña sobre total España % valor mercado Cataluña sobre total España Operadores en Cataluña % Incremento mercado en Cataluña Operadores en España % Incremento mercado en España 37

38 Results Spain market volume Volumen Nº inspecciones 350,00% 300,00% 250,00% 200,00% 150,00% 100,00% 50,00% 0,00% 36,41% 38,90% 317,64% Nº inspecciones en instalaciones Volumen medio de mercado ( ) Nº de operadores en competencia 38

39 Conclusions Commercialization of products and facilities safety v The European legislation born with the Single Act and creating the common market has as one of its aims the improvement of such market's functionality. v It establishes mechanisms that enable the flexibility for the exchange and commercialization of products. v The Spanish legislator has understood this philosophy, based on the free trade of products, the safety of facilities, which are not the object of any kind of business exchange. v Regulations on the safety of the facilities depends on each Country. 39

40 Conclusions Quality and product. Safety and facilities v The framework for the commercialization of products requires: harmonized standard mutual recognition agreements accredited and notified conformity assessors (NB) Require in short, that through the quality of the product we achieve the safety of the product for the consumer. v The framework for the safety of the facilities, requires: regulations and dispositions technical competence, independence, impartiality and integrity accredited and authorised control bodies (CB) Require in short, through control we need to guarantee the maintenance of safety conditions for the facilities and the citizens. 40

41 Conclusions Relation: market, competition, profit v The number of operators dedicated to control is constantly growing, independently of the needs of the market. v When competition increases, the strictness in the monitoring of faults during inspections, diminishes. v The rigour in the search for weaknesses is essential, which puts people at risk, and which cannot be subjected to the interests of economic profit. v I.S. control market with norms that favour liberalization at any cost, is in the hands of the operator that offers the lowest price, the shortest time of inspection and the lowest technical rigour. 41

42 Conclusions From collaborating body to commodity v The argument for improving the market and the competitiveness; have prompted economic measures of liberalization, which are dragging the function of control, toward an emptying of content and a deterioration of technical rigour, without quality and attribute. v Free competition leads, inevitably, to a laxity in the initiatives for attracting customers. v Devaluation of companies that provide employment to the sector. From assisting the industry and improving productivity with safety and quality, to certification processes without added value. 42

43 Conclusions Differences between Autonomous Communities v The legislative requirements, in spite of the existence of regulatory requirements of international, European and national levels, have noticeable differences in the respective AACC. v It does not seem justified that ensuring the safety of citizens is conditioned by the Autonomous Communities in which they reside. v The management systems of CB and PTI are not identical in all AACC. An uncontrolled growth of competition does not encourage the growth of a regulated market and causes them to compete only deteriorating the quality of the inspection. 43

44 Conclusions Is accreditation enough? v The requirement for accreditation from the operators technical competence must ensure a quality management system of the proceedings. v It must ensure the employment of competent staff with adequate specific initial training and periodic and supervised training sessions. v It must ensure the possession of adequate technical and technological means. v It must ensure independence, impartiality and integrity in the behaviour of technicians, separated from the interests of the company's economic management. It does not seem, according to the data, that there is a persistent drop of defects, for this to be achieved at all. 44

45 Conclusions Administrative authorization is required v the competent federal organizations will be able to check at any time,.., or through the CB the compliance of safety dispositions and requirements. That is, the CB perform that function only because the Administration delegates it. And if this can be quickly done, it is because this is a clearly public function. v If this is a public function, the Administration is forced to ensure that those private institutions, that act in its name, possess all the technical and economic solvency and impartiality requirements that are necessary for a good performance; and this guarantee can only be achieved through the filtering function of a previous administrative approval. 45

46 Conclusions Administration control v Remove the "a priori" controls facilitates the initiation of economic activities, but a better control of the operators will be needed by the Administration (market surveillance). v There must be effective guarantee that the CB would act with the same level of rigour and impartiality as the Public Administration would. v It must know the number of equipment and facilities as well as their legal status at all times, so that this allows the carrying out of monitoring and control and to find out their safety status. 46

47 Conclusions Consequences of the current model v A translation error led to the confusion of a service provided in return for financial compensation, with an activity provided as a public interest compelling reason. v It is changing regulation and legislation related to the "risk control", towards a model, lower warranty verification of their quality and safety. v Legislations are passed through a liberalization at all costs (productivity and competitiveness in markets), without limiting a service which must not be subject to free competition. 47

48 Future research lines What is not measured is not known v Establishing a monitoring centre and a statistical study of the rates of defects and variation in all fields. v Analysing the inspection's quality/price ration, which must be directly related to the grade of satisfaction of the quality perceived and the guarantee of maintaining the technical rigour, so that the user's safety is not compromised. v Valuing the minimum inspection times, which must be established by the companies within the sector based on agreed checklists. 48

49 Future research lines Procedures and inspection times v The inspection procedures must be agreed upon and be common to all entities. There is only one set of rule for a certain subject, therefore, there should only be one procedure for verifying the safety of that field. Protocols, as in all scientific disciplines, must be enriched, agreed and homogenized. Their validity and guarantee of success depend on that. v Open a possible line of research on a verification system, such as the "Comparison of Results" of an inspection, to be developed by the companies of the sector. 49

50 Greater control / lower risk 50

51 Greater rigour / less uncertainty 51

52 Thanks My desire is that through this humble work, help our legislators come back to their senses. They need to free themselves from that dark energy that surrounds them and go back to the path of reason and sanity Thank you very much for your attention 52

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