CELLULOSIC ETHANOL. State of the Art. Key Challenges. What s Disruptive? Still five years away?

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1 1 Cellulosic Ethanol Overview March 29, 2017

2 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 2 Still five years away? State of the Art Commercial Scale Plants Ongoing Investment Integration & Co-Products Key Challenges Feedstock Handling Carbon Conversion Reaction Kinetics Cost of Enzymes/Chemicals What s Disruptive? Low Cost Pretreatment Low Cost Enzyme Systems C5 + C6 Conversion

3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW State of the Art 3 Feedstock Crop waste, woody Handling biomass, etc Pretreatment and Conditioning Hydrolysis Fermentation Product Recovery Ethanol Byproducts include lignin, hemicellulose (sometimes), and CO2. Stillage can be converted to biogas

4 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 4 FEEDSTOCK HANDLING PRETREATMENT & CONDITIONING Collection, storage, and size reduction. Very feedstock and region specific. Breaking down biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin using steam, acid, and/or base. Enzymatic pretreatment in development. ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS Cellulous is converted to C6 sugars. Recent developments have enzymes capable of converting hemicellulose to C5 sugars. Minimization of contaminants important for efficiency of fermentation. FERMENTATION Yeast conversion of sugars to ethanol. Recent developments enable conversion of C5 in addition to C6. PRODUCT RECOVERY Typically distillation is used to approach azeotrope concentration, followed by a dehydration step. State of the art for dehydration is molecular sieves, although membrane dehydration is advancing.

5 ECONOMICS 5 Lux Research: Uncovering the Cost of Cellulosic Ethanol Production, Jan 2016

6 KEY CHALLENGE 6 Carbon conversion to ethanol Feedstock Crop Handling waste, woody Crop waste, woody biomass, etc biomass, etc Pretreatment and Conditioning Hydrolysis Fermentation Product Recovery Ethanol Converting both Cellulose and Hemicellulose to corresponding C5/C6 sugars 90%+ conversion of C5 and C6 sugars to ethanol Minimizing ethanol loss to stillage

7 KEY CHALLENGE 7 Increasing reaction rate Feedstock Crop Handling waste, woody Crop waste, woody biomass, etc biomass, etc Pretreatment and Conditioning Hydrolysis Fermentation Product Recovery Ethanol Efficient enzymes to reduce reaction time Minimizing impurities in sugar feed Efficient conversion of C5 and C6 sugars

8 KEY CHALLENGE 8 Resource Efficiency Feedstock Crop Handling waste, woody Crop waste, woody biomass, etc biomass, etc Pretreatment and Conditioning Hydrolysis Fermentation Product Recovery Ethanol Reduce or eliminate chemicals Onsite enzyme production Recovery and recycle of chemicals and enzymes Reducing energy consumption Water recycle and overall process integration

9 KEY PLAYERS 9 Commercial Plants Currently in Operation Company Location Capacity (MM Gal/yr) Feedstock Startup Published CAPEX (MM$) Beta Italy 13 Rice/wheat straw Q MM POET/DSM US 22 Corn Stover Q MM USD Raizen/Iogen Brazil 10 Sugarcane bagasse Granbio Brazil 21 Sugarcane bagasse Q Q MM USD 265 USD DuPont US 30 Corn Stover Q USD

10 KEY PLAYERS 10 Enzymes and Yeast Cellic enzyme technology, produces C5 + C6 sugars. Leading enzyme supplier for commercial cellulosic ethanol plants. Building onsite enzyme production to support Project Liberty. Supply yeast that can convert C5 + C6 sugars Providing enzymes for QCCP corn kernel fiber ethanol Supply C5/C6 CelluX yeast strain for Beta s PROESA licensees

11 KEY PLAYERS 11 Integrated Process Technology PROESA technology fully integrated from feed handling to ethanol. C5/C6 conversion. Clariant Sunliquid technology. Chemical-free pretreatment. Integrated enzyme production. One pot C5/C6 fermentation Integrated technology package based on Nevada plant. C5/ C6 conversion. Chemical-free pretreatment. Enzyme agnostic hydrolysis. Leverage DONG expertise in process integration.

12 KEY PLAYERS 12 Pretreatment and Hydrolysis Technology Plantrose technology based on supercritical water. Fast kinetics reduces reactor volume. No consumables Two stage biomass activation process reduces enzyme loading. Modular design. AVAP technology produces segregated sugars from cellulose and hemicellulose

13 CORN FIBER CONVERSION 13 Recovered corn fiber recovered from 1G ethanol plant Bolt on enzymatic converts fiber to ethanol

14 NEW DEVELOPMENTS 14 What s Disruptive? Enfinity Mutli-feedstock flexibility Integration from pretreatment to product recovery + WWT Projects with IOC ICT-DBT Upfront fractionation of lignin, cellulous, hemicellulos Recycle of enzymes used in hydrolysis Pilot and Demo with India Glycols JBEI Ionic liquid pretreatment One pot pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation

15 15 Creating Value For New Technology Fuels Chemicals Sustainability +1 (630) Questions? 494 Hill Ave. Glen Ellyn, 60137