Creating intelligent technologies for land and water based industries

Transcription

1 Creating intelligent technologies for land and water based industries

2 Summary ISO standards ASABE and ASTM standards (US) Protocols What is missing for helping assure our data from one country can be considered effectively in other countries?

3 Application Technology Research Facilities: 1. Wind Tunnel Research Several wind tunnels around the world major ones are at UQ (Australia), USDA (USA), FPL (Canada), TAG Silsoe (UK), JKI (Germany), with new ones under planning in Nebraska and Ohio ASTM std.-laser diffraction drop size measurements in wind tunnels ballot closed in mid August ISO standard-wind tunnel drift potential measurements ISO standard-drift classification from wind tunnels ASABE and draft ISO standards dropl size classification Few standards for other laser systems

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7 Application Technology Research Facilities: 2. Field Drift Measurement TAG Silsoe (UK) ground boom and tree/ vine crops JKI (Germany) ground boom and tree/ vine crops AAFC (Canada) ground boom arable applications IMAG (Netherlands) ground boom and tree/vine crops LVL (NZ) tree/ vine crops USDA-ARS (US) aerial, ground, tree/ vine crops USDA-FS (US) aerial forestry Many others We aren t all using the same standards

8 Study Considerations Tracer selection stability, level of detection, etc. Collectors representativeness, size, collection efficiency Maximum sampling distance Number of swaths applied; swath length Meteorological data Replication (covariate approach helps reduce) Quality assurance Data use if linked to modeling, are all the necessary data being collected? Treatment list can grow quickly!

9 Test Guidelines EPA : Background for Pesticide Aerial Drift Evaluation EPA : Spray Droplet Size Spectrum EPA : Spray Drift Field Deposition (These are probably going to be updated/revised soon)

10 Drift Standards ASAE Standard S561 Procedure for Measuring Drift Deposits from Ground, Orchard and Aerial Sprayers ISO Standard 22866: Equipment for Crop Protection: Methods for the Field Measurement of Spray Drift ISO Standard 22856: Equipment for Crop Protection Laboratory Drift Methods Measurements ISO Standard Crop Protection Equipment: Drift Classification of Spraying Equipment Part 1: Classification LERAP, IMAG and BBA DRT Testing Protocols (wind tunnel and field) SDTF generic protocols (field study) and wind tunnel/ physical property standard operating procedures

11 Droplet Size Standards ASTM E 799 Practice for Determining Data Criteria and Processing for Liquid Drop Size Analysis ASTM E 1088 Definitions of Terms Relating to Atomizing Devices ASTM E 1296 Standard Terminology Relating to Liquid Particle Statistics ASTM E 641 Standard Methods for Testing Agricultural Hydraulic Spray Nozzles ASTM E 1260 Test Method for Determining Liquid Drop Size Characteristics in a Spray Using Optical Non-Imaging Light-Scattering Instruments ASTM E 1458 Test Method For Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Instruments Using Photomask Reticles ASTM Draft Standard Test Method for Determining Cross Section Averaged Liquid Droplet Size Characteristics in a Spray Using Laser Diffraction Instruments ASAE S Terminology and Definitions for Agricultural Chemical Applications ASAE S Calibration and Distribution Pattern Testing of Agricultural Aerial Application Equipment ASAE S572: Spray Nozzle Classification by Droplet Spectra ISO Draft Standard 25358: Agricultural Machines: Crop Protection Machines: Droplet Size Classification

12 Physical Property Standards ASTM Standard Test Method: Characterization Performance of Drift Control Adjuvants ASTM Standard Test Method: A Rheological Standard Test Method for the Relative Extensional Viscosity of Agricultural Spray Tank Mixes (in finalization) E 1142 Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties E 1194 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure

13 Other Standards ASTM E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods ASTM E691 Standard Practice For Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method ASTM E456 Definition of Terms Relating to Statistical Methods

14 Conclusions Despite the existence of many standards on drift research, different laboratories and researches commonly adopt different approaches How critical is it that we standardise our approaches? What are the non-negotiables? How can we harmonize our study sampling designs? (how can we address studies using things like water sensitive papers for drift research and presenting the data as good science?) Bottom line: what will regulators accept? US has SAP review process but what about others?