CKING OF NAPHTHA TO PRODUCE BENZENE, TOLUENE AND XYLENE (BTX)

Transcription

1 CKING OF NAPHTHA TO PRODUCE BENZENE, TOLUENE AND XYLENE (BTX) By AFOLAYAN ATINUKE ADEOLA 2006/24163EH DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, FEDERAL;UNIVE~SITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGERIA NOVEMBER,.2011

2 CKING OF NAPHTHA TO PRODUCE BENZENE, TOLUENE AND XYLENE (BTX) By AFOLAYAN ATINUKE ADEOLA 2006/24163EH A PROJECT SUBMITTE!n'TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, FEDE~ UNr\7;ERSI*,Y:OFTECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG) DEGREE IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING NOVEMBER, 2011

3 DECLARATION declare that the work in the project report entitled Cracking of Naphtha to b~nzene,' toluene and xylene (BTX) using catalytic cracking and,.lvl.uul.lf, of naphtha has been carried out by me under the supervision of Engr.. M.O. EDOGA. No part of this project was presented for another degree or ploma elsewhere, at any institution to the best of my knowledge. YAN ATINUKE Stude'nt name Signature Date ii

4 CERTIFICAtION is to certify that thi.s project report entitled CRACKING OF NAPHTHA TO BTX by AFOLAYAN ATINUKE ADEOLA meets the requirements the partial fulfillment of the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng) degree ""."".\0'1."'...",.."1<1. Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna. (Superviso.-) [2/ - II -- /( Date (HOD) ~/-/I~II Date External Supervisor Date iii

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT y profound gratitude goes, to Almighty God for His mercy, grace, love, for life and for seeing through my course of study. becomes a monumental task to try to acknowledge all the people who have influenced you in ways. However, it also becomes imperative, due to the valuable contributions that they towards your life,' to aftempt to perform this task right at the beginning. The following text, my heartfelt gratitude: goes to my parents, I am grateful for everything they have done for for their moral and finarr ial support throughout my stay in school. want to appreciate my sibti;ngs, Bidemi and Olumide for their constant support and also to all cousins for always being there for me. I also wish to extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Bisi 'yi, for her valuable insights during my stay in FUT minna. sincere acknowledgement goes to my supervisor, Dr. M.O. Edoga for his guidance and during the course of this work. There were quite a few valuable skills, academic and IVlJ.-U"'UUIJIHJ lv life to learn fro111 him. will also like to thank the entire staff of chemical engineering department for their contribution various ways to the completion of this project y, to my dear friends; Salihu Nasir, Oladunni, Hillary, Chijioke, Edgar, chuks, patience, "'v"u""~, Joshua and tpall my course mates. Thank you all for making my stay in FUT minna iv

6 ABSTRACT use of catalytic cracking as a process to break down heavy hydrocarbons to lower molecular hydrocarbons continues to be important. The catalytic reformer occupies a key position in refinery providing high value added reformate for the gasoline pool, hydrogen for hydrosing operations and frequently benzene, toluene and xylene aromatics for petrochemical main objective is to crack Naphtha using catalyst and subjecting it to catalytic d.vjuhj.hf. to transform paraffins and naphthene in naphtha to aromatics-rich products with as ring opening or ctackitig;as possible. Naphtha with a boiling range of c was used was being mixed with hydrogen under reforming operating conditions to produce flvjlh"" " that contains aromatic rich products. Result shows that for this reaction to proceed be successful it is dependent on the activity and selectivity of the catalyst and the operating used. v

7 TABLE OF CONTENT Pages I IV v of content VI x offigures Xl X11. Introduction 1 Aims:flnd Objectives;. 1 Approach 2 Justification 2 literature Review Cracking 3 Invention and History of cracking 3 Applications of Cracking 3 vi

8 .3 Types of Cracking CatalYtic Cracking Thermal Cracking Steam Cracking Hydro Cracking 4 Naphtha 5 Component ofnaphtj;i.a 5 Types of Naphtha Paraffinic Heavy 7 Catalytic Reforming ornaphtha 7 Reforming Chemistry 9 Catalyst for Catalytic Reforming 10 Typical Naphtha Feedstock 11 Feedstock Considera.tion of Naphtha for Refo~ing 12 Health Hazards of Naphtha 13 Safety considerations of Naphtha 13 Applications of Naphtha 14 Aromatics 14 Aromatics Extraction 15 Benzene 15 vii

9 2.9.2 Toluene Xylene 16 Chapter Thltee 3.0 Methodology Collection of Materials and Equipment Experimental procedure Production of Hydrogen ;2. Prep*ation?f EeedS~?'Ck Catalyst for Cracking 21,3.2.4 Catalytic Reforming Extraction of Aromatics from Reformates Determination of Critical Solution Temperature 22.IChiapter four :4.0 Results and DiscussIons Results Discussion of Result Effect of Hydrogen Effect of Catalyst 25 viii

10 Chapter Five 5..0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusion 'Recorhtnendation 27 Reference 28 Appendix 30 ix