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1 TO: FROM: TO: UNCLASSIFIED AD NUMBER ADA CLASSIFICATION CHANGES unclassified restricted LIMITATION CHANGES Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. FROM: Distribution authorized to DoD only; Administrative/Operational Use; MAY Other requests shall be referred to National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC. Pre-dates formal DoD distribution statements. Treat as DoD only. AUTHORITY NACA Technical Publications Index dtd 31 Dec 1947; NASA TR Server website THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED

2 11.MI 1 I ImII,nm..mmmm, mmm 1111 mm,- q] i. -. d i..,.! ~.., RB No. E6D22.. NATK)NAL J@iD mory ammamee Km AERONAUTICS ORIGINALLY ISSUED May 1946 as Restricted Bulletin E6D22 THE KNOCK-LIMITED PERFORMANCE OF FUEL BLENDS CONTAINING SPIROPENTANE, METHYLENECYCLOBUTANE, DI-~-BUTYL ETHER, METHYL ~-BUTYL ETHER, AND TRIPTANE By Carl L. Meyer Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory C-leveland, Ohio NACA.,.. :..-, ; :.,,.1 WASHINGTON.! > NACA WARTIME REPORTS are reprints of papers originally issued to provide rapid distribution of advance research results to an authorized group requiring them for the war effort. They were previously held under a security status but are now unclassified. Some of these reports were not technically edited. All have been reproduced without change in order to expedite general distribution E -222

3 =41 \... NATIONALADVISORYCOM41T!CEEFOR AERONAU1 ICS. :.. KmrRIclm BuILmIN 1, THE KHccK LIKErERF lnuo,wce C@ FUEL 131EWHCONTAINING By Carl L. Meyer..,. :...mmon A generallnveeti@ti& ie be~ co&ucted at the WA Cleveland laboratoryto detemine the effectivenessof variouscompounds as antllmookagentsfor aviation fuele. AE a part Uf thisprogram, Hmit ed q hant Itiesof spiropentane,methylenecyclobutane, -and dl-tert-butyletherwere d~th esizedfor exploratory+ests. Methyl ter%%t yl etherand trl@ane, whichhad been commerciallyobtained, were used for compamtlvepurposes. Khock-limitedtastsyere )mde In a 17.6 enghe ~ blgndgcc@alnlng each of the five compoundu Indlv ldhally blendedbt~. S-4 referencefuel to a aancentrationof 20 parcent byvoltij. tlk.$*1 blendscontained4.inltel The datawere obtalg6dlriaugu& ,.., APPARATUSAND TE3TPRoCED&.... A descriptionof the~ap~tus 1s g~~. in reference1. TM teatswere oonductedwith a 17,6 englqe -.qt the followingengine Conditions:.,.....s,. 1.., Eu@ne speed,rp ~r.;~ ~. lm)o Compressionratio Outlet-ooolantemperature,% Inlet-alrtemperatum,W Sparkadvanoe,~B.T.C ~ATION AND DIMXES1ON (X ~S. The knook-limltedperformanceat an Inlet-alrtemperatureof 2500~ of.leadedblendsoontainl~ splropentaneand metl@enecyolobutaneis presentedin.figure1;.. the.knock-limltbdperi ordnoe at.....,....,.,.,.-jp I... L,. si i--..:.:,., -,.., J..:.,

4 ... 2 NACA RB lb. E61E2 inlet-alr temperatures. of 2500 F and 10@ F of leadedblendscontainingdl-tert-butylether,methyltert-butylether,and triptane Is preaente~tifigure2. All data= given inlet-airtempezvature were obtaineddur~ a singleoperatingday. The data of fi~es 1 and 2 are mmmarlzed In table1. The (fi6.1) decreasedthe lmock-limltedpnrerof the baae fuel at all fuel-alrratiosbelow 0.085but permittedgatisat ri~er fuel-airmlxturea. Methylenecyclobutanedecreasedthe lmook-llmltecl power of the base fuel at all fuel-airmtios below Becauseat the lack of material,kwcl+ limitedperformancedatawere not obta%nedfor the spiropentaneblend at fuel-airratiosgreaterthan 0.10;additionalteststo determine the effectof a c-e in inlet-airtempemture on the knock..limited perfo~ce of either@ the two aforementionedblendswere not possible for the same reascm. Di-tert-butylether,methyltert-butylether,and triptane (fig.2)=reaeed tbelmock-llml~power of the base fuel at all fuel-airratiosand at both Inlet-airtemperatures.Methyltertbutyl etherwas the most effecttveantiknockagentof the th~compounde. D1-tert-butyletherwas more effectivethan trlptaneat fuel-airrat~belew O.~ at the higherinlet-airtempemture and at all fuel-airratiosat the lowerinlet-airtemperature. (Under othertest conditions,reference2 showedthat di-tert-butylether had betterantllmockqualitiesthanmethyltert-bu~ether at fuolalr ratiosbelow about ) Blendscont~~ the threecompounds are more sensitiveat fuel-alr ratiosof 0.065and O.~ to changes In inlet-airtemperature(tablei(b)) thau the base fuel;methyl tert-butyletherwas the most sensitivein the aforementionedfuel- ~ratlo mnge. Aircn aftengineresearchlaboratory, Natiomd AdvisoryComittee for Aeronautics,.. Cleveland,Ohio. REFERENCES - 1. Meyer,Carl L., and BranWmtter,J. Robert: The Knock-Limited Performanceof FueJ BlendsContainingAromatics. Part I - Toluene,Ethylbenzone,and g-xylene. NACA ARR No. E4J05, Alqulst,HenryE., and Tower, Leonard K.: Su.ltability of Ethere as AtiatlonFuel C~te The Kbock-LimitedPerformanceof SeveralEthersBlendedwith AH-F-28Fuel. NACA CB No. E5A04, 1945.

5 NACA RB No. E6D * TABLE I -SCM4ARY 01?TE3T DATA [1.7.6 en@ne; ccmpreaslonratio,7.0; engine speed,1800 rpn; spark. advance, 3& B.T.C.; outlet-coolantemperature,212 F] (a)relativeperfozmence Blend COIUpO- Tetm- imql m3tt@ compound Sltion ethyl (peroentby lead volume) (ml/ Fuel-airmtio Inlet-airtemperature,25C@F S-4 referencefuel o oo Spiropentane Methylenecyclobutane , Di-tert-butylether Metmt ert-butyl ether TriptaIir ~lot-air temperature10dof S-4 referencefuel o I..W D1-tert-butyleth~ Met~tert-butyl ether Trlptm aimep Imep (20 percentcompound+ 80 percents-4+4 ml TEL/&l) ratio = imep (S-4+4 ml TEL/wl) (b)relativetemporaturcsansitivity.. Blend COIIlpO- Rolativetemperature Sitiofl sensitim.t# I Ilpouna S-41 1 i 1 ).11 S--4referencefuel I o 100I [ [1.00E D1-tert-butylether ( o z Methyltert-butylether ,97.95 Triptane arelativetemperature.. imep ratio (Inlet-alr temperature, 100 F) El*iti vity = īmepr~tio (inlet-airt~ezmture, 25(Pl ) NationalAdvisoryCommittee for Aeronautics

6 NACA RB No. E6D22 Fig. I 3 ~ ~y 60. ~: NATIONAL AOVISORY J COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS ~; E 40 :? A! k ~-g a d. A : & 2 o i g d.! :.4 a / ~ * / { l-. /pm + % 1 1 i! 2= : m + go peficent ml T2L/gal 100.W Fuel-air ratio ~igure 1. - The knook-limlted perfonmnce of leaded blends containing spiropentane snd metbyleneoyclobutane individually blended with = re~eren e fuel. 17.6en Ine; compression ratio 7.0; engine speed, MOO -; spark advance. 30 B. f. C.; outlet-coofant temperature. 2UP f.

7 Fig. 2 NACA RB No. E6D22!!JT- 28 T 26 2 b (a) Inlet-air I 1 K 1 m S-k?4ml TEL/ge,l 0 20 percent dl-tert-butyl ether + 80 percent~ + 4 ml TEL/gal 020 percent methyl tert-butyl ether + m...+ c-h- ml TEL/gal ~ ~ 20 percent trivtan, [e+ go percent S ml TEL/gi ;a1 Y I I II I I Ij temperature,?50 F. I.t l(b) Inlet-air temperature, 100 F.] ~o~ Figure 2. - The knock-limited performance of leaded blends containinf dl-~-butyl ethet., ethyl tert-butyl ether, and trlptane individually blended with S- reference fuel eii@iie; =WPSS ratio, 7.0; engine speed, lgoo rpm; spark advance, >00 B. T. C.; outlet-coolant temperature, 212 F.

8 ranpcaoaicfcxs) Beyer, Carl L. DBOTOSSÜGS» DIVISION: Fuals and tobrfcante (12) SECTION: Analysis and Testing (8) CROSS REFERENCES. Fuels, Antiknock - Testing (ii2622); Fuel additives (I42260) la'd'd l6l6'i ORIG. AGENCY KUmEQ RB-E6D22 REVISION AuTHOR(S) AMEn. TITLE: The knock-limited performance of fuel blends containing spiropentane, methylenecyclobutane, di-tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, and triptane PORG'N. TITLE: ORIGINATING AGENCY: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, nashington, D. C. TRANSLATION: COUNTOV LANGUAGE FORG'N.CLASS U. S.CLASS. DATE [CAGES IU.US. FEATURES U.S. Eng. 1 Restr. Ilay'l^ table, graphs Tests show that at inlet-air temperatures of 250 F and 100 F the knock-limited performance of the base fuel of blends, leaded with k ml TEL per_gallon and containing 20? spiropentane, was reduced at fuel/air ratios below O.O85. The 20% methylenecyclobu-,tane reduced the knock-limited power of tha base fuel at fuel/air ratios below Di-tert-butyl ether, methyl-tert-butyl ether, and triptane increased the knock-limited power of the base fuel at all fuel/air ratios and at both temperatures. NOTEi Requests for copies of this report must be addressed to: H.A.CA., Bashington, D. C. T-2, HQ.. AIR MATERIEL COMMAND Ara VECHMICAL DNDEX WRIGHT FIELD. OX». USAAF

9 . CESTCICTID yö-w I^TI Meyer, Carl L. DIVISION: Fuels and lubricants (12) ORIG. AGENCY NUMBER SECTION: Analysis and Testing (S) 3-i CROSS REFERENCES: Fuels, Antiknock - Testing (142622); 22); EB-E6D22 Fuel additives (i 2260) REVISION AUTHOR(S) AMES. TITIE: The knock-limited performance of fuel blends containing spiropentane, methylenecyclobutane, di-tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, and triptane FORG'N. TITLE: ORIGINATING AGENCY: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, D. C, TRANSLATION: COUNTRY LANGUAGE FORG'NriASSI U. S.CUSS. DATE PAGES IUUS. FEATURES U.S. Eng. Restr. 5 3 table, graphs ABSTRACT Tests show that at inlet-air temperatures of 250 F and 100 F the knock-limited performance of the base fuel of blends, leaded with k ml TEL pergallon and containing 20% spiropentane, was reduced at fuel/air ratios below 0.0S5. The 20$ methylenecyclobutane reduced the knock-limited power of the base fuel at fuel/air ratios below Pi-tert-butyl ether, methyl-tert-butyl ether, and triptane increased the knock-limited power of the base fuel at all fuel/air ratios and at both temperatures. NOTE: Requests for copies of this report must be addressed to: Washington, D. C* N.A.C.A. T-2, HQ AIR MATERIEL COMMAND AIR TECHNICAL INDEX RESTRICTED WRIGHT FIELD. OHIO, USAAF WMX21 MAI 47 32^00

10 UNCLASSIFIED VSEL AUTHORITY: HfflBX *OF NASA lechkiciil iublications DATED 31 DSCEIJ3ER *UG