International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN

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1 International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISS Research Article EXPERIMETAL WORKSTUDY O THE EFFECT OF ETHAOL GASOLIE BLEDS O THE PERFORMACE OF TWO STROKE PETROL EGIE Prof. Viral K Pandya 1, Prof. Shailesh Chaudhary 2, Mr. Parth D Patel 3 Address for Correspondence 1,2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laljibhai Chaturbhai Institute of Technology, Bhandu 38412, Gujarat, India 3 Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Sakalchand Patel College of Engineering, Visnagar, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effect of using unleaded gasoline and additives blends on spark ignition engine (SI engine) performance.a two strokes, single cylinder SI engine was used for conducting this study. Performance tests were conducted for fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, brake power, engine power, indicated thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption using unleaded gasoline and additives blends with different percentages of fuel at varying engine load condition and at constant engine speed. The result showed that blending unleaded gasoline with additives increases the brake power, indicated, and brake thermal efficiencies and fuel consumption and mechanical efficiency. The addition of 5% ethanol, 1% ethanol and 15% ethanol to gasoline gave the best results for all measured parameters at all engine torque/power values. KEYWORDS: Fuel additive; Gasoline-Additives blend; Ethanol. 1. ITRODUCTIO It is the dream of engineers and scientists to increase the performance of the engine a vary limited techniques are available with safety. The performance is increased by adding the suitable additives to the fuel reduced with the present technology. Additives are integral part of today s fuel. Together with carefully formulated base fuel composition they contribute to efficiency and long life. They are chemicals, which are added in small quantities either to enhance fuel performance, or to correct a deficiency as desired by the current legislation. They can have surprisingly large effects even when added in little amount [1]. Additives are blended into fuel by refineries or end users. However use of metallic additives was subsequently discontinued mainly because of concern about the toxicity of the barium compounds in the exhaust emission. But the interest is revised recently to verify the possible use of additives to reduce emission level. Ethanol was the first fuel among the alcohols to be used to power vehicles in the 188s and 189s. Henry Ford presented it as the fuel of choice for his automobiles during their earliest stages of development [2]. It is not widely used because of its high price. Alcohol is one of the fuel additives (Methanol, Ethanol) has some advantage over gasoline such as better antiknock characteristics. Houghton-Alico D [2] has made a study on alcohol production and potential. Several additives (oxygenated organic compounds) such as methanol, ethanol, tertiary butyl alcohol and methyl tertiary butyl ether are used as fuel additives. Although having these advantages, due to limitations in technology, economic and regional considerations alcohol fuel still cannot be used extensively. Since ethanol can be fermented and distilled from biomasses, it can be considered as renewable energy under the environmental consideration, using ethanol blended with gasoline is better than methanol because of its renew ability and less toxicity.[7] Many researchers have worked on the performance enhancement of SI engines. Winnington and Siddique [3] Hamdan, Jurban [4] and El-Kassaby [5] have studied the effect of using ethanol gasoline blends. They used maximum of 15 % of ethanol. Goodger [6] reported the 5% improvement in efficiency using ethanol. Palmer F H [8] has conducted a test on gasoline engine containing oxygenates Based on the economic and environmental considerations, an attempt has been made in this work to study the effects of ethanol contents in the ethanol-gasoline blended fuel on the engine performance of a commercial SI engine. In the present work to improve the performance of petrol engine, the modification technique is used. Fuel additives were mixed for this purpose. Various proportions of these fuel additives were mixed with the gasoline. The engine performance analysis measured, running the engine at varying load and constant speed. Encouraging results were obtained and the work carried out is presented. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of varying engine torque on the engine performance working with different ethanol fuel blends. 1.1 Statement of the problem: As the two stroke engines are using different types of fuels like petrol, diesel, gas etc. In current days the use of two stroke petrol engines is reduced because of emission of harm full gasses, maximum fuel

2 International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISS consumption, less efficient. To overcome these difficulties the ethanol is used as an additive with gasoline to increase the performance of engine and minimize the fuel consumption. 1.2 Objective of the study: The objective of the project is to analyze the performance of the two stroke petrol engine using ethanol as an additive with the gasoline so as to overcome the above stated difficulties. 1.3 Scope of the study: To increase the performance of the two stroke petrol engine the ethanol been used as an additive with gasoline. The readings obtained from the conducted tests have been evaluated and the results and graphs are compared. 2. Experimental set up and procedure The engine is 15 cc 2 strokes, single cylinder SI engine loaded by a rope toll dynamometer. Table 1 lists some of the important specification of the engine under test. The schematic layout of the experimental set up is shown in fig 1. Fuel consumption was measured by using a calibrated burette and a stopwatch with an accuracy of.2s. Table.1 Engine specifications Descriptions Unit Data Two stroke cycle, single acting Type of engine air cooled petrol engine o. of cylinder - Single cylinder Max B.P HP 7.48(5.93 Kw) Max speed RPM 52 Direction of rotation - Clock wise Bore diameter mm 57 Stroke length mm 57 Cubic capacity cc Specification of other device and fluid used in experiment Co-efficient of discharge of orifice =.6 Orifice diameter = 2 mm Density of petrol = 72 / m 3 Density of water = 1 / m 3 Calorific value of petrol = 48Kj / Calorific value of ethanol=297 Kj/ Fig 1 Experimental setup The engine was started and allowed to warm up for a period of 15-2 min. The fuel consumption was constant at 1 cc for each performance. Engine test were performed by constant speed and varying the loading condition for each individual fuel. Before running the engine to a new fuel blend, it was allowed to run for sufficient time to consume the remaining fuel from the previous experiment. For each experiment, four runs were performed to obtain an average value of the experimental data. 3. Experimental Data Wt in consume 1 For Petrol H1 in H2 in In mt For E-5 Wt in consume 1 HI in H2 in In mt

3 International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISS Wt in consume 1 For E-1 H1 in H2 in Wt in consume 1 Fro E-15 H1 in H2 in In mt 4. RESULT AD DISCUSSIO The effect of ethanol addition to unleaded gasoline on SI engine performance at various engine power was investigated. 4.1 Fuel consumption The effect of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on the fuel consumption is shown in Fig 2. From Fig 2, the fuel consumption increases on the engine power increases at engine speed. This behavior is attributed to the Lower Heating Value (LHV) per unit mass of the ethanol fuel, which is distinctly lower than that of the unleaded gasoline fuel. Therefore the amount of fuel introduced in to the engine cylinder for a given desired fuel energy input has to be greater with the ethanol fuel. 4.2 Brake thermal efficiency Fig 3 presents the effect of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on brake thermal efficiency. As shown in the figure break thermal efficiency increases as the engine torque increases. The maximum brake thermal efficiency is recorded with 1% ethanol in the fuel blend at constant engine speed. 4.3Specific fuel consumption The effect of using ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is shown in Fig 4. As shown in the figure SFC decreases as the engine torque increases. This is normal consequence of the behavior of the engine brake thermal efficiency. Brake Thermal Efficiency Vs Brake Power Brake Thermal Efficiency in %age Brake Power in Kw 5%Ethanol 1%Ethanol 15%Ethanol Fig 2

4 International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISS Mass of Fuel Consumed Vs BP Mass of Fuel Consum ed in m 3/ %Ethanol 1%Ethanol 15%Ethanol BP in Kw Fig. 3 BSFC Vs Brake Power.3 BSFC /Kw Sec Pure petrol 5%Ethanol 1%Ethanol 1 5%Ethanol Brake Power in Kw 4.4 Mechanical Efficiency The effect of using ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on Mechanical efficiency is shown in Fig 5. As shown in the figure efficiency increases as the engine torque increases. The comparison of efficiency after adding the additive is given below. As the percentage of ethanol increases in the gasoline, the performance of the engine increases. Fig Indicated thermal efficiency Fig 6 presents the effect of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on indicated thermal efficiency. As shown in the figure indicated thermal efficiency increases as the engine torque increases. The minimum brake thermal efficiency is recorded with 15% ethanol in the fuel blend at engine speed.

5 International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISS Mechanical Efficiency Vs Brake Power M echanical Efficiency in % age %Ethanol 1%Ethanol Brake Power in Kw 15%Ethanol Fig. 5 Indicated Thermal Efficiency Vs Brake Power Indicated Thermal Efficiency I %age Brake Power in KW 5%Ethanol 1%Ethanol Petrol +15%Ethanol 5. COCLUSIO From the results of the study, the following conclusions can be deduced: 1. Using ethanol as a fuel additive to unleaded gasoline causes an improvement in engine performance. 2. Ethanol addition to gasoline results in an increase in brake power, brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, and fuel consumption respectively. 3. The addition of 15% ethanol to the unleaded gasoline is achieved in our experiments without any problems during engine operation. Fig ACKOWLEDGEMET The author would like to thank the technical staff of the ICE laboratory at the Mechanical Engineering Department of Laljibhai Chaturbhai Institute of Technology. REFERECES 1. Gulder L O (1979), Technical aspect of ethanol and ethanol gasoline blends as automotive fuel, The scientific and Technical ResearchCouncil of Turkey, Project o Houghton-Alico D (1982), Alcohol fuels production and potential, Colorado. 3. Winnington T L and Siddiqui KM (1983), Engine performance on gasohol-the Kenyan experience, Automotive engineering.

6 4. Hamdan M A, Jubran BA (1986),.The effect of ethanol performance of diesel and petrol engines, Dirasat, XIII(1), pp EL-Kassaby M M (1993), Effect of using differential ethanol-gasoline blends at different compression ratio on SI engine, Alexandria Engineering, pp Goodger EM. Hydrocarbon fuel. London: Maillan; M. Linardi. Economia e Energia, 66, 15 (28). 8. Palmer F H (1986), Vehicle performance of gasoline containing oxygenates, paper C319/86, International conference on petroleum based fuels and automotive applications, London, I. Mech. E. Conference, pp International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISS