Säkerhet och självkörande personbilar Lotta Jakobsson och Trent Victor, Volvo Cars

Transcription

1 Säkerhet och självkörande personbilar Lotta Jakobsson och Trent Victor, Volvo Cars L. JAKOBSSON, T. VICTOR, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE Driver roles L. JAKOBSSON, T. VICTOR, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE Page 2 Trent Victor, Lotta Jakobsson; Volvo Cars 1

2 The Classic irony of automation Driver-in-the-Loop performance measures Visual behavior Driver Reaction Quality Subjective ratings (e.g. trust) Driver in the - Loop Out In Low High Autonomous Driving Performance Vehicle performance measures Safety margin precision Frequency of situations needing supervision or intervention Key safety challenges UnSupervised role How should the safety impact be quantified? When using AD, are unsafe occupant protection states more common? When using AD, are unsafe driver states more common? Are there unsafe behaviors when transferring to and from AD? When using AD is there misuse? How do the self-driving vehicle and the driver react in safety conflict situations? What determines a positive safety experience? How do we design to make the status AD observable, and to be able to see what automation will do next? How should mismatches in driver perception of a conflict and the vehicle sensing be L. JAKOBSSON, T. VICTOR, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE made transparent / displayed to the driver (e.g. silent failures)? Page 4 Trent Victor, Lotta Jakobsson; Volvo Cars 2

3 Safety Impact Estimating Traffic Safety benefits Compare the crash rates for human driven cars and automated driving L. JAKOBSSON, T. VICTOR, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE 5 Estimating Traffic Safety benefits Define the target population Get data by either one of: Difficult to make due to amount of data needed Predictive analysis Retrospective analysis Compare the crash rates for human driven cars and automated driving M LINDMAN 6 Lindman et al. IRCOBI Conf. 2017; Trent Victor, Lotta Jakobsson; Volvo Cars 3

4 defining the target population Safety relevant input to conflict situations Automated driving on specific route where lanes with oncoming traffic are separated and no VRUs are allowed STRADA police reported M LINDMAN 7 Lindman et al. IRCOBI Conf. 2017; Safety Verification on real world crashes Predictive analysis 8 Trent Victor, Lotta Jakobsson; Volvo Cars 4

5 occupant protection in Unsupervised - Three scenarios Complete avoidance, no crashes? Realistic? Reposition seat to crash test position and ensure devices always in safe mode? Realistic? Occupant protection in desired usage position At crash! Ensure protection in every crash configuration and sitting posture L. JAKOBSSON, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE Page 9 Occupant protection in Unsupervised AD When using AD, are unsafe occupant protection states more common? What are the customer s expectations during unsupervised AD? Will activities and sitting postures influence their protection if impacted? How do we assess occupant protection in all these situations? L. JAKOBSSON, T. VICTOR, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE 10 Trent Victor, Lotta Jakobsson; Volvo Cars 5

6 Examples of Future sitting postures Incapability of current crash test dummies New challenges for occupant protection Various abnormal sitting position and posture New injury mechanism and countermeasures Influence of active safety systems Human body models Challenges for occupant tools Omnidirectional biofidelity and multi-postures Improve injury prediction for brain, spine etc Response to intervention of active safety system L. JAKOBSSON, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE Page 11 SAFER Active human body model A unique human body model capable of predicting pre-crash event and crash, including injury prediction, in one sequence. Ongoing developments Today, capable of autobrake + crash (FFI ) Ongoing, including some steering maneuvers (FFI ) Initial sitting posture Posture at time of impact (start crash pulse) Posture at most forward occupant position Östmann and Jakobsson, IRCOBI Conf. 2016; Page 12 Trent Victor, Lotta Jakobsson; Volvo Cars 6

7 Other challenges Devices Activities...? L. JAKOBSSON, T. VICTOR, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE Page 13 Assessment of passenger safety in future cars Learn from the passengers today! Understand Develop FFI L. JAKOBSSON, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE Trent Victor, Lotta Jakobsson; Volvo Cars 7

8 Summary Occupant protection in unsupervised AD requires tools and methods beyond what we use today We can learn from passengers today Research questions need to be in focus Driver s new roles nudging towards best behaviors Human-centric and conflict-situation-centric development Development of predictive models for safety benefit estimation L. JAKOBSSON, T. VICTOR, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE Page 15 Säkerhet och självkörande personbilar Lotta Jakobsson lotta.jakobsson@volvocars.com Trent Victor trent.victor@volvocars.com L. JAKOBSSON, T. VICTOR, VOLVO CARS SAFETY CENTRE Trent Victor, Lotta Jakobsson; Volvo Cars 8