A SMART MONITORING SYSTEM IN VEHICLES. Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore.

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1 Volume 118 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu A SMART MONITORING SYSTEM IN VEHICLES 1 Kavitha.N, 2 Shakthipriya.P, 3 Sivakannan S, 4 Greeger Varcky Peter, 5 Ragul K, 6 Hamlyn Joy 1,2 Assistant Professor, 3,4,5,6 UG Scholars, Department of EIE, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore. Abstract: Security in travel is primary concern for everyone. This paper design a compact system to monitor the tire pressure, level of fuel in the tank, engine oil life and detect the pollutants in the vehicle which could be assembled in the vehicle itself. Tremendous innovations have been made in the technology but still nothing significant is achieved from it. This idea employs pressure sensor to monitor the tyre pressure, the CO2 sensor to sense the CO gas concentration emitted from the vehicle and ultrasonic sensor is used to sense the level of vehicle fuel. In case of abnormal conditions an initial warning is given to the driver with the help of LCD display and later the same information is transferred to the users mobile through an android application. This is done with the help of Arduino Controller that is incorporated in the vehicle. The Arduino Controller is used to transfer the information from the sensors to the commuter. The main aim of this paper is to stabilize all automobile tyres with ideal pressure, pollutant free environment, achieve satisfactory fuel efficiency and construct an affordable system. Keywords: Tyre Pressure, CO2 Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, Arduino UNO, LCD. 1. Introduction Nowadays most of the accidents are due to pressure variation in tyres. If the pressure in tyres is more than fixed level it may damage the suspension, wheel alignment and balance when travelling through bad roads. Due to this reason we are not able to control our vehicle in some situations and the tyre has the chance to explode. In summer season due to high temperature, air or nitrogen in tyre will expand and the result of this is will end up in some accident. Same if pressure is less than fixed level can also cause accident by loss of control. And another reason is pressure difference in each tyres also create accidents. All this problems are arising due not checking the pressure in tyre before entering in to vehicle Most of divers are not trying to changing engine oil at correct period of time. It make engine become heavy damage then it start to produce high amount of carbon dioxide(co2) and poisons gases while burning the fuel and final result is engine become failure,loss of money and main reason is it starts to affect our atmosphere. In our current automobile technology there is no device development for measuring level of CO2 and other gases automatically. Because of this it is not able to down the level of CO2 and other gases for solving this entire problem we are introducing our new product (Smart Monitoring System in Vehicle). With the help of this device driver can able to note down pressure of tyres, maintain period of oil, level of CO2 other gases in engine and all other information now showing in vehicle dashboard through driver mobile phone and modified dashboard. These all parameters are verified by an Android app. It helps the user to analyse all the parameters before moving in to car this all information pass through an wifi system. If a family is going for a trip they can plan according by getting all the information before entering into vehicle. In this paper, we mainly focus on reducing accidents and pollution, increasing vehicle life and making a safe journey. 2. Existing Methodology A variety of tire monitoring strategies have been proposed to aware driver of low tire pressure. Under inflated tires run on the road due to unawareness of the fact that properly inflated tires can safe tire life up to 20% which is nine months more of its life span. It can also save fuel from 4% to 10%, increase braking efficiency up to 20%, and ease the self-steer. The research finding shows that the air pressure in the car drops 10 to 20 kpa a month which is equivalent of adding a 70kg person into the car. Inflating accurate tire pressure save the tire from extra heating, explosion and also help decrease maintenance cost The various Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) used by auto makers are designed to monitor the air pressure in a car's tires. The idea behind a TPMS is primarily safety related underinflated tires offer a less stable ride, 1485

2 and they're more prone to possible blowouts. By calling attention to an "under inflation event," the system can prompt the driver to inflate the tire (or tires) to the proper levels. Fuel quantity is one of the undetermined in vehicle As far as now fuel level in are indicated through analog gauge Analog gauge cannot provide accurate value of the fuel in the tank By counting the pulses from the output of the sensor, you can easily calculate water flow Each pulse is approximately 2.25 milliliters. The pulse signal is a simple square wave so it is quite going on a long drives. Normally finding fuel station in a highway is difficult. During such cases without knowing the fuel level it will be difficult for the driver to travel with an assumption about the fuel present inside the tank. There is a model proposed to find out the amount of petrol injected into the tank with a digital meter using float sensors but float sensors cannot produce accurate values when there is wobbling. And there is another proposed method that is used to find fuel level in aero planes using capacitance-level sensor This produces values with high accuracy. The main drawback of capacitance level sensor is its high cost which is not efficient when used in the vehicle users. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas has been proven to be one of the most significant gases that will cause global warming. How to efficiently monitor CO2 concentration in a large field such as an urban area is an interesting research topic. On the other hand, wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring have been widely researched. However, it has not been well addressed to use a small number of sensor nodes to monitor dynamic factors such as CO2 concentration in a large field. Using vehicles equipped with sensing devices to collect environmental data would thus be an attractive solution. We refer to such a system as the vehicular sensing system. This paper proposes the architecture of a vehicular sensing system for CO2 monitoring applications, as shown in Fig. 1. Our system relies on GSM short messages and geographic locations of vehicles. In particular, we equip several vehicles with CO2 sensing devices, GPS receivers, and GSM communication modules. These vehicles can be buses or taxies and they will roam inside the monitoring area. Each of the vehicles will continuously collect CO2 concentration in its surroundings and periodically report the concentration together with its current location to a remote server, through GSM short messages. In this way, we can use only a small number of vehicles to conduct CO2 monitoring in a large urban area. In addition, since vehicles possess high mobility, our vehicular sensing system can be easily applied to other monitoring regions In order to make a new proposal in which PLC is used to monitor and control a Variable Frequency Drive this work was done. The functioning and specifications of the hardware were studied clearly. By making use of VFD and PLC a 0.75KW 3-phase induction motor was made completely automated. One of the largest areas of research, invention and innovation in the automobile industry is the engine oil monitoring. As we know, engine lubricants are complex and highly engineered fluids that are designed to allow perfect and proper engine performance over a long service time. In order to meet this goal, the lubricant is required to perform varieties of protective and functional jobs so as to provide hydrodynamic film between moving components, including heat dispensing, suspending contaminants, acid neutralization, and preventing corrosion and so on. The engine oil has a finite life as the fluid chemical and physical properties change and ultimately degrade upon usage. The typical lubricant oil can sustain between 5,000 km to 10,000 km mileage depending on the type used. The oil replacement is necessary upon reaching its useful life to maintain maximum engine protection. In common practice, people change their engine oil at a constant time or mileage interval according to the recommendation of the lubricant oil manufacturers or vehicle original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). However, since this oil changing system is not based on the real oil condition of the specific engine, it can be replace before reaching the end of its useful life or after its useful life is exceeded. This is uneconomical as it will be a waste, and also to deteriorate the engine performance as time passes. Therefore, the lubricant oil changing alert system is introduced to provide solution on the existing problems. This system could prompt a reminder or to inform the driver for lubricant oil replacement at its final stage of useful life 3. Proposed Methodology Figure 3.1 Block Diagram 1486

3 A system for monitoring pressure in tyre, fuel level, engine oil, CO2 level in exhaust is proposed to give notification to the commuter throughh an android app as given in the fig.3.1. An ultrasonic sensor is used here to measure the fuel level and it is connected with signal conditioning unit and further with arduino. The pollution test is done with the help of CO2 sensor which is connected to the amplifier. POT is connected with the 12V tape motor and U-Slot sensor is used for measuring the distance in kilometers. Both the CO2 sensor and U-Slot sensor is linked with the arduino. Since it is a prototype an air bag is used. A. Arduino UNO 4. Hardware Implementationn Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal. Sensors are connected to analog, digital pins based on operation. Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino board, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). That communication pins provides data monitor and control by mobile. C.Bluetooth Bluetooth is an open wireless technology standard for exchanging data. Bluetooth V EDR module is used in our project. Bluetooth Core Specification Version EDR is fully backward compatible with 1.2, and was adopted by the Bluetooth SIG. It provides UART TTL interface to communicate with other devices in range of below 1 km. The Data transmitting rate is above 1MB/s. D. CO2 Sensor A carbon dioxide sensor or CO2 sensor is an instrument for the measurement of carbon dioxide gas. The most common principles of CO2 sensors are infrared gas sensors (NDIR) and chemical gas sensors. Measuring carbon dioxide is important in monitoring exhaust gas from vehicle engine. Sensor detects more acquire level range co2. Figure 4.2 CO2 Sensor E. Pressure Sensor Silicon-based piezoresistive pressure sensors are generally fabricated as a piezo-sensitive diaphragm by using MEMS technology and SOI wafer. It consists of bridge circuit that provide output voltage. Vehicle tire pressure is measured using this sensor. The Sensor output signal is a fluctuation that neglected by signal conditioner circuit Figure 4.1 Arduino B. LCD Display Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have materials which combine the properties of both liquids and crystals. The power supply should be of +5V, with maximum allowable transients of 10mv at pin 3. The 2*16 line display is used for alternate monitor. The LCD display is fixed in the dash board in which the parameters indication will be displayed. Figure 4.3 Pressuree Sensor 1487

4 F.U Slot Sensor MOC7811 is a slotted Opto isolator module, with an IR transmitter and a photodiode mounted on it. Performs Non-Contact Object Sensing. This is normally used as a positional sensor switch (limit switch) or as Position Encoder sensors used to find the position of the wheel. It consists of IR LED and Photodiode mounted facing each other enclosed in a plastic body. The Sensor output signal is a fluctuation that neglected by signal conditioner circuit. which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil of a relay passes a relatively large current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay, but it can be as much as 100mA for relays designed to operate from lower voltages. DC supply is given to controller and sensor based on operating voltage. A Step down and Bridge rectifier circuit is used in converting AC to DC Power supply. 5. Android Application An android application is developed, which is in.apk format. The programming is developed using Android Inventor Software. When the signal is transmitted via Bluetooth module, the parameters to be monitored will be indicated to the user in their own mobile phones through the app so that it is quite easy for the users to get detailed status of their vehicle. 6. Results and Discussions G. Ultrasonic Sensor Figure 4.4 U Slot Sensor The Level of vehicle fuel measured using ultrasonic sensor. The Ultrasonic Sensor sends out a highfrequency sound pulse and then times how long it takes for the echo of the sound to reflect back. The sensor has 2 openings in its front. One opening transmits ultrasonic waves, the other receives. The speed of sound is approximately 341 meters (1100 feet) per second in air. The ultrasonic sensor uses this information along with the time difference between sending and receiving the sound pulse to determine the distance to an object. In proposed system, the CO2 sensor is used to sense the CO gas concentration emitted from the vehicle. The ultrasonic sensor is used to sense the level of vehicle fuel. The arduino controller is inbuilt in the vehicle and the LCD display is placed in front of the driver near the steering. Both the sensors continuously sense the values and the values are sent to the arduino controller. The arduino controller then compares the level of fuel, tyre pressure and CO concentration level with the threshold value set in the arduino. If the sensed value is greater than the threshold value then a message is sent to the owner of the vehicle. The owner is allowed to tune up the engine Figure 4.5 Ultrasonic Sensor H. Relay When the engine oil is used above the period, then engine ignition is set to off condition using a relay. A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field Figure 5.1 Hardware Implementation Every day a warning message is sent to the vehicle owner through android application. So, the corrective action can be taken on the vehicle s owner if he delays to tune up the engine. 1488

5 [3] Sandeep SR, Adrash, 2016 Automatic Monitoring of Fuel in Vehicle using ATMEGA328 Microcontroller vol.5 Issue 5 ISSN: 2320_3765, May 2016 [4] Anita kulkarni, T. Ravi Teja Automated System for Air Pollution Detection and Control in Vehicles International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 9, September 2014 Figure 5.2 Monitoring System in Android Application 7. Conclusion and Future Scope The Smart vehicle monitoring System would be definitely exploding as a new product in the automobile supplier industry as such a product does not currently installed for majority of passenger automobiles, hence the market conditions would be favorable to release such a system. It specially satisfies the user requirement by maintaining ideal tire pressure for under inflated tires. It also aims at providing an excellent notification system and assists in monitoring appropriate tire pressure, fuel level and pollution rate constantly. It reduces or increases the tire pressure according to requirement of the tire and helps in gaining best mileage and most importantly assures to provide comfortable and safe driving. The displayed results explains that the system is more accurate and efficient. The proposed system is more user-friendly, reliable, easy to install and highly beneficial for the automotive industry. The installation of such a system in vehicles is a low cost affair so all the passenger vehicle can take the advantage of this essential system at affordable installation budget. In future the idea can be implemented to the automatically monitor the entire parameters of the vehicles and control pollutants level in vehicle. References [1] V.Nijanthan, J.Vignesh,2017 Digital Fuel Level Indicator for Motor Bikes using Arduino Microcontroller SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG- IJECE),Volume 4 Issue 3,March [2] Sharda Mule, K. S. Ingle, Review of wireless Tyre Pressure Monitoring System for Vehicle using Wireless Communication International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 3, March [5] Raj Patel, Hitesh Pungalia The fuel level is measured using microcontroller IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e- ISSN: ,p-ISSN: X, Volume 13, Issue 5,2016. [6] Rahul s vaidya, Digital fuel level indicator journal of information knowledge and research in Mechanical engineering ISSN X1, Volume- 04, Issue-01, 2009 [7] Massimiliano Gastaldi a, Claudio Meneguzzer On-road measurement of CO2 vehicle emissions under alternative forms of intersection control Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, Padova, Italy b Istituto Motori of National Research Council (CNR), Viale Marconi 4, Napoli, Italy [8] Sivarao, Samsudin A.R, Tin S.L, Hasoalan Promising Techniques of Automotive Engine Lubrication Oil Monitoring System A Critical Review towards Enhancement The International Journal of Engineering And Science (IJES) Volume 1Issue 2 0Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Malaysia [9] Lalitha Iyer, Manali Tare, Renu Yadav Android Application for Vehicle Parking System International Journal of Innovations & Advancement in Computer Science IJIACS ISSN Volume 3, Issue 3 May2015. [10] T. Padmapriya and V. Saminadan, Inter-cell Load Balancing technique for multi-class traffic in MIMO-LTE-A Networks, International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Data Communication (IJEEDC), ISSN: , vol.3, no.8, pp , Aug [11] S.V.Manikanthan and T.Padmapriya Recent Trends In M2m Communications In 4g Networks And Evolution Towards 5g, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, ISSN NO: , Vol- 115, Issue -8, Sep

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