AUTOMATIC UNDERGROUND CAR PARKING SYSTEM

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1 AUTOMATIC UNDERGROUND CAR PARKING SYSTEM Sonar R. M. 1 Nahata P.R. 2, Ajmera T.P. 3, Saitwal N.A. 4 and Jain S.C. 5 1,2,3,4,5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.N.J.B s KBJ COE, Chandwad Abstract- As a town modernization progress, the number of vehicles increases accordingly. Drivers generally need to spend a major amount of time searching the blocks around their destination searching and in the offing for available parking spaces. To overcome above difficulty there is need of an advanced car parking system.metropolitan cities strongly need advanced parking systems, providing drivers with parking information. Existing parking systems usually ignore the parking price factor and do not automatically provide optimal car parks matching drivers demand. Currently, the parking price has no negotiable space; consumers lose their bargaining position to obtain better and cheaper parking. Multi-store car parking is growing popular as they enable to conserve space. However parking on multiple floors brings its own challenges such as need of using lift mechanism for moving the vehicle from one floor to another, coordination between the vehicle and the lift mechanism, co-ordination between parking and un-parking of vehicle etc. The aim of this paper is to identify the issues and challenges in development of such a system by implementing a prototype using Firebird IV as automated self-parking vehicles. Keywords- Multi-store car parking, Automation I. INTRODUCTION As the number of automobiles around the world increases exponentially, finding places to park them becomes increasingly difficult. Due to the fact that the most parking spaces are necessary in urban areas, this poses a challenge to make parking garages as efficient as possible. Not only location of the garage is important, but also its capacity, the time it costs tenants to use them, and environmental aspects as well. In order to meet the rising demand for parking areas it is necessary to look for innovative and more efficient ways of using space in urban areas. This report covers two types of parking systems in use today and evaluates them on crucial aspects. The parking systems in question are the conventional parking garage that we are used to, and the relatively new automated parking garages. The focus here will be mainly on underground parking facilities, where risks, energy consumption, and costs differ greatly with surface parking facilities. The construction and management of parking garages is heavily dependent upon: 1. Economic and financial feasibility. 2. Characteristics of the site and the surrounding neighborhood. 3. Parking demand, supply, requirements and attitudes. 4. Market issues. The development of underground car parking areas is important to achieving a prosperous urban environment, and effective use of underground space is particularly necessary in congested cities. However, maintaining a proper environment in underground parking areas requires more equipment and consumes more energy than typical above ground parking areas. In many districts where urban activity is high, the capacity of the dedicated parking areas is already far below the minimum necessary capacity and parking demands continue to increase. The challenge to engineers here is constructing to the need for more intense land-use, and for more efficient ways of parking vehicles DOI: /IJMTER CSG0N 64

2 II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY Fig.1 Automatic car parking system diagram The main components of the automatic car parking system are :- 1. PIC Microcontroller 2. LCD Display 3. DC Motor 4. Power Supply Unit 5. Infrared Sensor PIC Microcontroller :- PIC Microcontroller is the heart of the automatic car parking system. It controls various operations of the system. Such as, It checks for the entry and exit of car, when it detects the car from the entry gate then it checks whether there is any vacant space in the parking lot or not. If there is vacant space then it operates the lift mechanism and parks the vehicle at the vacant space. LCD Display Unit :- LCD display makes this system user interface friendly by displaying everything on the display. It is an intelligent LCD module, as it has inbuilt controller which convert the alphabet and digit into its ASCII code and then display, this LCD will display the total number of cars,empty space and no vacant space in the system. DC Motor :- The 12V DC motor is used to give reciprocating (up-down) and rotary motion to the lifting mechanism. Two DC motors are used for this purpose one is for lifting and carrying the car (up down motion) and other is for rotating the car. Power Supply :- Power supply is required to run the whole system components i.e. microcontroller, DC motors, sensors, relays etc. In this system 5 volt regulated power supply is required for the microcontroller. For this purpose one step down transformer with full wave rectifier circuit is used. In the rectifier circuit All rights Reserved 65

3 diode full wave rectifiers are used. One 1000 microfarad capacitor filter is used to convert pulsating dc into smooth dc. Infrared sensor :- An infrared sensor is an electronic device which is used to detect the vacant space Available in the parking system. And provide this information to the PIC microcontroller and indicator lights, so that the driver gets the information whether the parking space is available or not. 3.1 Design of the system:- Diameter = 19 m Area = Height= 8 m0. III. DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF THE PARKING SYSTEM Fig. 2 Rotary Platform 3.2 Design of rotary platform:- Diameter = 6 m Area = Load on rotary disk :- W = kn Stress = 61.31*10^3/28.27 = N/m^2 Fig.3 Loading diagram of Rotary All rights Reserved 66

4 3.3 Design of Plate:- Width = 0.8 m Length = 6 m Thickness = 0.03 m Area = Width * Length Area = 0.8 * 0.6 Area = 4.8 Mass of car = 2500 kg Factor of safety = Load on plate = 2500*2.5*9.81 W = kn Stress = σ = σ = σ = International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) 3.5 Design of pallet:- The first component of lift is the pallet on which vehicle is placed. The design of pallet is done by referring following procedure. Maximum weight of vehicle = 3000 kg, Mass of pallet = 880 kg Reaction at front Wheel is given by; (W) = 2 Weight of vehicle/ 3 + Mass of pallet/ 2 = 2440 kg = N Wheel base = 3300 mm, Wheel track = 1100 mm Distance between two rollers of pallet (Along length) =5300 mm. Distance from wheel of pallet wheel to nearest wheel of car (a) = 1000 mm. Maximum Stress in pallet = Wa Z = = N/ mm² Deflection at Center (Max) = (W a)/ 24EI (3l²-4a²) = mm Deflection at CAR Wheels = (W a²)/ 6EI (3l-4a) = 6.92 mm Design and specification of motor W= 25000N Power = 22 KW V= 1 m/sec D= m N = rpm From Gearbox Catalogue, we select above gearbox GB =H2 H2S All rights Reserved 67

5 IV. FABRICATION PROCESS Arc welding is one of several fusion processes for joining metals. By applying intense heat, metal at the joint between two parts is melted and caused to intermix - directly, or more commonly, with an intermediate molten filler metal. Upon cooling and solidification, a metallurgical bond is created. Since the joining is an intermixture of metals, the final element potentially has the same strength properties as the metal of the parts. This is in sharp contrast to non-fusion processes of joining (i.e. soldering, brazing etc.) in which the mechanical and physical properties of the base materials cannot be duplicated at the joint. Fig. 3 Prototype Model V. CONCLUSION In the present era there is scarcity of parking space. In smart city progression each city in India need a well turned out use of space. To make use of under ground space, it is beneficial to the city and the decedent. We have suggested one of the solutions for the smart city. Design of suggested model is easy, permanent and effective. Even though initial cost is high in long run, the cost of the project can be recovered. The design process and fabrication of the model is detailed in this paper. For automation controller has been used. Sensor sense the vacant space and it is easy to park the vehicle. REFERENCES [1] Rahul J. Kolekar and S.S.Gawade, Design and development of lift for an automatic car parking system, International Journal On Theoretical And Applied Research In Mechanical Engineering (IJTARME), ISSN (Print): , Volume -3, Issue-2, 2014,pp [2] S.J.Clegg, Automatic Car Parking and Controlling System Using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Institute of Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Working paper of 471, [3] Ankit Gupta, Chandra Shankar Automatic Multilevel Car Parking Assistant Professor, Department of Instrumentation and Control, JSSATE, Noida, International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN (online) Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp: ( ) [4] Chen, J-X., Jiang, J-Z. Wang, X-J Automatic Multilevel Car Parking Shanghai University Press, Vol. 7, No 2, [5] Albagul, K. Alsharef, M. Saad, Y. Abujeela, design and Fabrication of an Automated Multi-level Car Parking System Department of Control Engineering Baniwalid LIBYA [6] M. Ehsani, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric parking system: Fundamentals, Theory and Design, CRC Press, All rights Reserved 68