Agro-Meteorological Station

Transcription

1 L I Agro-Meteorological Station Operating and Assembly Manual

2 LI-40 Agro-Meteorological Station Operating and Assembly Manual

3 NOTICE The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. LI-COR MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. LI-COR shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without prior written consent of LI-COR, Inc. Copyright 999, LI-COR, Inc. Printing History New editions of this manual will incorporate all material since the previous editions. Update packages may be used between editions which contain replacement and additional pages to be merged into the manual by the user. The manual printing date indicates its current edition. The printing date changes when a new edition is printed. (Minor corrections and updates which are incorporated at reprint do not cause the date to change). st Printing - April, 999 Publication Number MET00 April, 999 LI-COR, Inc. 442 Superior Street Lincoln, Nebraska Phone: FAX: Toll-free (U.S. & Canada) envsales@env.licor.com ii

4 Table of Contents Section. Unpacking & Initial Inspection What's What... - Section 2. Site Selection Wind Speed/Wind Direction Temperature/Relative Humidity Sensor Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge LI-200SA Pyranometer Sensor Soil Temperature Sensor References Section 3. Assembly Tools Required Unpack and Open the Tripod Attach the Guy Ropes to the Tripod Feet Insert the Feet Into the Tripod Legs Attach the Enclosure Mounting Bracket Attach the Guy Rope Collar to the Tripod Hang the Sealed Enclosure on the Mounting Bracket Attach the Sensor Mounting Bar Attach the Anemometer Attach the Pyranometer Sensor Attach the Guy Ropes and Handles to the Guy Rope Collar Attach the Gill Shield Install the LI-400 in the Sealed Enclosure Mount the Battery Pack in the Sealed Enclosure Bury the Soil Temperature Sensor Assemble the Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Level the Weather Station Screw the Anchors into the Ground and Attach the Feet Section 4. Connecting the Sensors Terminal Block Battery Pack LI-200SA Pyranometer Sensor Soil Temperature Sensor Air Temperature/Relative Humidity Sensor Mounting the Sensor in the Gill Shield Interfacing to the LI-400 Datalogger Wind Speed/Wind Direction Sensor iii

5 Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Site Requirements Servicing Switch Closure Troubleshooting Install the Ground Wire Finishing the Installation Section 5. Configuring the LI-400 Entering the LI-200SA Pyranometer Sensor Multiplier Memory Overwrite Cabling Uploading the Setup File to the LI Appendix A. Appendix B. Warranty Specifications List of Suppliers iv

6 What's What Check the packing list included with your LI-40 to verify that you have received everything that was ordered. The LI-40 Agro-Meteorological Station is shipped in two boxes and includes the following items: LI-400 Datalogger Terminal Block LI-200SA Pyranometer Sensor Soil Temperature Sensor (not shown) Air Temperature/Relative Humidity Sensor Wind Speed/Direction Anemometer Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Tripod Mounting Bar Radiation Shield Sealed Instrument Enclosure External Battery Pack RS-232 Cable (not shown) Installation Kit (not shown) Unpacking -

7 Section Wind Speed/ Direction Anemometer Mounting Bar LI-200SA Pyranometer Sensor Radiation Shield Air Temperature/Relative Humidity Sensor Terminal Block External Battery Pack Guy Wire Collar LI-400 Datalogger Sealed Instrument Enclosure Guy Wires Tripod Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge -2 Unpacking

8 The site chosen for your weather station is very important, and should reflect the area of interest and be located away from obstructions that influence the conditions near the weather station (e.g. trees and buildings). The following are general guidelines for placement of the sensors; more detailed information can be found in the references listed at the end of this section. Wind Speed/Wind Direction The wind speed/wind direction anemometer should be located over open, level terrain. The EPA recommends the anemometer be a distance of at least 0 times the height of nearby obstructions. Standard measurement heights: 3.0 m ± 0. m recommended (AASC) 2.0 m ± 0. m, 0.0 m ± 0.5 m optional (AASC) 0.0 m (WMO and EPA) Temperature/Relative Humidity Sensor The sensor should be housed in the Gill radiation shield. The EPA recommends the sensor be no closer than four times an obstruction's height, at least 30 m from large paved areas, and in an open level area at least 9 m in diameter. Areas to avoid include: Industrial heat sources Rooftops Steep slopes Sheltered hollows High vegetation Shaded areas Swamps Areas where snow drifts occur Low places that may hold standing water Standard measurement heights:.5 m ± 0. m recommended (AASC).25 to 2.0 m (WMO) 2.0 m temperature (EPA) 2.0 m and 0.0 m for temperature difference (EPA) Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge The Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge should be no closer than four times the height of an obstruction. The orifice must be in a horizontal plane, open to the sky, and above the level of in-splashing and snow accumulation. Site Selection 2-

9 Section 2 The Rain Gauge should be mounted to a hard, flat, horizontal surface such as a concrete pad. Commercially available concrete "paving stones", 2 to 8" square make ideal mounting platforms. A masonry bit can easily drill holes in concrete to attach the three mounting feet of the rain gauge. Make sure the rain gauge is level when the installation is complete. Standard measurement heights:.0 m ± cm (AASC) 30.0 cm minimum (WMO, EPA) LI-200SA Pyranometer The LI-200SA is mounted on the sensor mounting bar of the LI-40. Facing the weather station so that the sensor mount is facing south (in the northern hemisphere) will minimize any shading effects from other parts of the weather station. The height of the sensor does not affect the accuracy of the measurement Soil Temperature Sensor The measurement site for the should be at least m 2 and typical of the area of interest. The ground surface should be level with respect to the immediate area (0 m radius). Standard measurement depths: 0.0 cm ±.0 cm (AASC) 5.0 cm, 0.0 cm, 50.0 cm, 00.0 cm (WMO) References Campbell Scientific, Inc., Application Note 4-S. 85 W. 800 N., Logan, UT (435) The State Climatologist (985). Publication of the American Association of State Climatologists: Heights and Exposure Standards for Sensors on Automated Weather Stations, v. 9, No. 4, October, 985. EPA (987). On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications, EPA-450/ Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 277. WMO (983). Guide to meteorological instruments and methods of observation. World Meteorological Organization 996 (sixth edition); ISBN Tanner, Bertrand D. (990). Automated Weather Stations, Remote Sensing Reviews, 990, Vol. 5 (), p Site Selection

10 Tools Required Set of standard Hex Keys (included) Phillips head screwdriver Flat blade screwdriver 9/6" open end, or adjustable wrench. Unpack and Open the Tripod The tripod is shipped in its own box. Find a level surface and open the tripod and extend the legs. Note that one of the legs is telescoping; it is used later to level the weather station. Loosen the lowermost collar and extend the legs so that the leg braces are perpendicular to the center mast. Tighten the collar. 2. Attach the Guy Ropes to the Tripod Feet Locate the 3 sets of guy ropes and handles, and the three tripod feet. Each of the guy ropes has a loop at both ends; one of these loops is attached to each of the tripod feet. Attach one guy rope to each foot at this time, as it may be easier to do this step before the feet are inserted into the tripod legs. The tripod feet appear as shown in Figure 3-2 below /8 hex head screw Figure 3-. Open the tripod and extend the legs so that the braces are perpendicular to the center mast. Anchor Attachment Foot Nut for grounding wire ( foot only) Figure 3-2. Remove the /8" hex head screw to attach the guy rope(s). Assembly 3-

11 Section 3 The upper part of each foot which is inserted into the hollow tripod leg swivels on a pin; move this part until the /8" hex head screw is visible. Remove this screw with a 5/32" hex key. Place the spacer inside the loop of the guy rope, guide the assembly into the notch and reinsert the hex head screw. Tighten the screw and repeat this procedure for the other two feet. Guy Rope Spacer /8" Head Head Screw Bottom View Figure 3-3. Place the guy rope loop over the spacer and insert the assembly into the notch. Re-insert the /8" hex head screw and tighten. 3-2 Assembly

12 Section 3 3. Insert the Feet into the Tripod Legs The three feet with attached guy ropes can now be inserted into the bottom of each of the tripod legs. Note that one of the feet has a post that is slightly larger in diameter than the other two; this foot is inserted into the telescoping leg of the tripod. The larger foot has a nut on the anchor attachment screw (see Figure 3-2) for attaching the grounding wire in a later step. Place the foot flat on the ground, slide the post into the tripod leg, and tighten the 3/ " hex head screw with a 5/6" hex key until tight. Repeat for the other two feet. 3/ " Hex Head Screw Guy Rope Tripod Leg Bottom View Anchor Attachment Foot Side View Figure 3-4. Slide the post on each foot up into the tripod leg and tighten the 3/ " hex head screw. Assembly 3-3

13 Section 3 4. Attach the Enclosure Mounting Bracket The sealed enclosure mounting bracket is attached to the tripod, and spans both the upper and lower masts to provide added stability. Loosen the clamp on the tripod mast and lower the upper mast as far as it will go. Remove the two /8" hex head screws with a 5/32" hex key from the two lower metal clamps on the mounting bracket. Place the adjustable clamp on the mounting bracket over the top of the tripod shaft and reattach each of the two lower clamps with the hex head screws. Make sure that the notch in the mounting bracket is facing up; the peg at the back of the sealed enclosure rests in this notch. The center clamp on the mounting bracket should attach just below the black clamp on the tripod post. Be careful not to cover the plastic plug that is pressed into the tripod post; the upper tripod post will not slide up and down properly if pressure is placed on this plug. Tripod Notch Faces Up /8" Hex Head Screws Do not cover this plug Side View Figure 3-5. Slide the mounting bracket over the top of the tripod post and clamp. Do not cover the black plug that is pressed into the tripod. 3-4 Assembly

14 Section 3 5. Attach the Guy Rope Collar to the Tripod There are holes in the tripod post (near the top of the upper post) to which the guy rope collar is attached. Remove one of the two /2-20 /2" set screws and slide the collar over the tripod post. Extend the upper tripod post a few feet. Align the holes and reinsert and tighten the set screws. Do not over tighten. Rotate the tripod post so that one hole in the collar is aligned with each of the tripod feet; this will ensure that the guy ropes are straight when installed in the steps below. Tripod Tripod /2-20 /2" Set Screw Use this hole Guy Rope Collar Figure 3-6. Slide the guy rope collar over the tripod post, align the set screws with the holes, and tighten the set screws until they are flush with the collar. Assembly 3-5

15 Section 3 6. Hang the Sealed Enclosure on the Mounting Bracket The sealed instrument enclosure can now be hung on the mounting bracket attached in Step 5 above. Note that the mounting peg at the top of the enclosure rests on the notch in the top of the mounting bracket. Place the peg in the notch, and attach the bracket to the enclosure using the four /8" hex head screws. Tripod Mounting Peg Enclosure Mounting Bracket Do not cover this plug /8" Socket Head Screws (4) Figure 3-7. Hang the sealed instrument enclosure on the mounting bracket, and attach with four /8" hex head screws. 3-6 Assembly

16 Section 3 7. Attach the Sensor Mounting Bar Insert the sensor mounting bar into the top of the tripod post and hand tighten the bar clamp. The sensor mounting bar is where the pyranometer sensor and the wind speed/wind direction anemometer are attached. NOTE: Although the sensor mounting bar can be rotated to any position, it is recommended that the end with the anemometer shaft be pointed directly north (south in the southern hemisphere). This orientation will prevent any shadows cast by the anemometer from obscuring the pyranometer sensor. Anemometer Shaft Sensor Mounting Bar Sensor Mount Tighten here To Tripod Tripod Figure 3-8. Place the sensor mounting bar into the top of the tripod post and tighten the bar clamp. Assembly 3-7

17 Section 3 8. Attach the Anemometer The anemometer is manufactured by R.M. Young Company, Traverse City, Michigan (Wind Sentry Model 03002V). Place the wind vane on the left side of the anemometer as it faces you, and tighten the set screw with a 0.050" hex key. Place the cup wheel on the other shaft and tighten the set screw. Place the anemometer assembly on the sensor mounting bar shaft, and tighten the hose clamp with a flat blade screwdriver. The wind vane points North as it is shipped from the factory. Wind Vane Cup Wheel Set Screw Set Screw Shaft Sensor Mounting Bar Figure 3-9. Place the anemometer over the shaft on the sensor mounting bar and tighten the hose clamp. 3-8 Assembly

18 Section 3 9. Attach the Pyranometer Sensor The sensor mount on the mounting bar can accommodate up to two LI-COR radiation sensors. Place the sensor(s) in the mount and tighten the 4-40 /8" set screw with a 0.050" hex key. Note that there is a notch in the sensor mount for the cable. Run the cable under the mounting bar and secure with the nylon cable clamps on the underside of the mounting bar /8" Set Screw LI-COR inc. Sensor Mount Figure 3-0. Place the pyranometer sensor in the sensor mount and tighten the set screw. 0. Attach the Guy Ropes and Handles to the Guy Rope Collar One end of each guy rope was attached to the tripod feet in Step 2 above. Unscrew one of the handle caps using a 5/32" hex key. Cap Handle Cap /8" Hex Head Screws (4) Figure 3-. Remove the caps from both ends of the guy rope handles. Leave about 2" from the free end of the guy rope and attach the rope to the one end of the handle. Run each guy rope up through a hole in the guy rope collar. Make a loop of the guy wire and unscrew the other handle cap. Attach the guy rope to the other side of the handle, as shown below. Assembly 3-9

19 Section 3 Tripod Guy Rope Collar Guy Rope Handle To Tripod Foot Figure 3-2. Pass the guy rope through a hole in the collar and attach to the handle.. Attach the Gill Shield The Air Temperature/Relative Humidity Sensor is housed in a ventilated Gill radiation shield that is mounted to the tripod with a bar clamp. Loosen the two nuts on the clamp with an adjustable wrench, and remove the bar clamp. Place the clamp at the desired position on the tripod post, and attach the gill shield. Tighten the nuts. Remove the threaded insert from the bottom of the gill shield, and insert the until the bottom of the RH sensor is flush with the bottom of the threaded insert. The insert is tapered so that the will be secured as the insert is threaded back into the Gill shield. 3-0 Assembly

20 Section 3 Gill Shield Threaded Insert Figure 3-3. Clamp the Gill shield to the tripod at the desired height, and insert the Humitter. 2. Install the LI-400 in the Sealed Enclosure The LI-400 Datalogger hangs on the bracket that is pre-installed in the sealed instrument enclosure. Section 4 describes the sensor connections to the Terminal Block, which is then attached to the connector on top of the LI Mount the Battery Pack in the Sealed Enclosure Insert 6 "D" cell batteries into the battery pack as described in the LI-400 Instruction Manual, page C-3. Open the door of the sealed instrument enclosure and mount the battery pack on the right side of the enclosure, using the four 8-32 /2" slotted screws that are present in the enclosure. 4. Bury the Soil Temperature Sensor The soil temperature sensor is designed to be as small as possible to facilitate burial at any desired depth. However, when burying the sensor at shallow depths (< 0 cm) there are some practical considerations which should be observed. At depths less than 0 cm it is much easier for the sensor to be accidentally pulled out or to be uncovered by strong winds. This can usually be prevented by burying not just the tip of the sensor but a length of the cable as well. It is also best to bury the sensor and the cable at an angle to the soil surface (not perpendicular) Figure Soil Temperature sensor and Air Temperature/Relative Humidity sensor. Assembly 3-

21 Section 3 5. Assemble the Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Remove the funnel and carefully remove all packing material and the strap that is used to prevent movement during shipping. The bucket should now move freely between the calibration screws. Replace the funnel. Mount the gauge on a level platform. The holes in the mounting legs are sized for /4 inch diameter mounting bolts. The top of the gauge (the funnel) must be level. Check by laying a carpenter's level across the funnel in two directions, at right angles. Shim the legs with washers between the gauge and the platform if necessary. 6. Level the Weather Station The weather station can be leveled using a combination of adjustments of the telescoping tripod leg and the guy ropes. There is a bubble level attached to the underside of the sensor mounting bar, below the sensor mount. Extend the top post of the tripod (with attached sensor mounting bar) to the desired height. Extend or retract the telescoping leg on the tripod until the weather station is nearly level. Finish the leveling operation by adjusting the tension on the guy ropes. Twist the handle(s) slightly so that the handle is angled away from the rope when tight to "lock" the guy rope(s) in place. 7. Screw the Anchors into the Ground and Attach to the Feet Three anchors are used to secure the weather station. The anchors are screwed into the ground, and fastened to the feet of the weather station with the anchor attachments, as shown below. Find a level surface for the weather station, and screw the anchors into the ground near each of the tripod feet. Loosen the nut on the anchor attachment with a 9/6" open end wrench, or an adjustable wrench, and slide the attachment so that the notch will slide over the neck of the anchor (below the ring), as shown. Tighten the nut slightly; adjust as needed and tighten the nut securely. 3-2 Assembly

22 Section 3 Loosen this nut Tighten here Figure 3-5. Loosen the nut with a 9/6" open end wrench, and attach to the anchor below the ring. Tighten the attachment screw. Assembly 3-3

23 This section gives instructions on connecting the sensors to the LI-400 Datalogger, located in the sealed instrument enclosure. You will require a small flat blade screwdriver to connect some of the sensor wires to the Terminal Block. The sensor cables are run up through the bottom of the sealed enclosure through a foam-lined opening, which is secured by two thumbscrews. Open the enclosure door and remove the two thumbscrews; the top of the seal is hinged at the rear, so the lid can be opened by lifting straight up. Remove two thumbscrews Figure 4-. Remove the two thumbscrews to access the opening Terminal Block The Terminal Block mates with the connector on top of the LI-400. A description of the terminals is given below. V LK MODEL P V LK2 P2 R R2 P I5 I4 V4 V3 V2 V 5VDC 3mA SENSOR INPUTS 5VDC 3mA UNREG 6mA UNREG 6mA VIN 8-6VDC TB Figure Terminal Block. The terminals are as follows, reading left to right: Terminal Description I5 Current Channel #5 I4 Current Channel #4 V4 Voltage Channel #4 V3 Voltage Channel #3 V2 Voltage Channel #2 V Voltage Channel # 5VDC, 3mA +5VDC, 3mA 5VDC, 3mA +5VDC, 3mA Connecting the Sensors 4-

24 Section 4 UNREG, 6mA UNREG, 6mA VIN TB Unregulated 6mA Unregulated 6mA Voltage In, 8-6VDC Tipping Rain Bucket (Counter channel) Ground The slots at the top of the terminal block can be used to provide strain relief, by fastening the sensor wires to the block with a cable tie Battery Pack The External Battery Pack is mounted inside the instrument enclosure at the factory. You will need to connect the leads from the Battery Pack to the Terminal Block as described below. Attach the red lead from the Battery Pack to terminal VIN 8-6VDC on the Terminal Block, and the black lead to the adjacent ground terminal (Figure 4-2). V LK MODEL P V LK2 P2 R R2 P I5 I4 V4 V3 V2 V 5VDC 3mA SENSOR INPUTS 5VDC 3mA UNREG 6mA UNREG 6mA VIN 8-6VDC TB Red lead to terminal "VIN 8-6VDC" Black lead to adjacent ground terminal External Battery Pack Use 6 Alkaline "D: Cell Batteries Observe Polarity: + Red - Black Remove batteries for long term storage. Shield from direct water contact. Output protected with internal self-resetting fuse (0.65A) Figure 4-3. Attach the red lead to terminal "VIN 8-6VDC", and the black lead to the adjacent ground terminal. LI-200SA Pyranometer Sensor Run the cable up though the bottom of the enclosure and attach the BNC connector from the pyranometer sensor to the BNC connector on top of the LI-400 labeled Current Channel I (on the top left of the LI-400 as you face it). You will need to enter the unique calibration multiplier for your pyranometer sensor into the LI-400 before you can make measurements of solar radiation. Follow these steps to enter the multiplier (found on the calibration certificate, and on the label attached to the sensor cable):. Choose Setup Channels and press Enter. 2. The sensor type is set to I=Light. Press Enter. 3. The description reads SOLAR. Press. 4-2 Connecting the Sensors

25 Section 4 4. Type in the value of the multiplier (it will be a negative number). 5. The remaining options do not need to be changed. Press Esc twice to return to the Setup menu Soil Temperature Sensor The is designed to be as small as possible to facilitate burial at any depth. However, when burying the sensor at shallow depths (< 0 cm) there are some practical considerations which should be observed. At depths less than 0 cm it is much easier for the sensor to be accidentally pulled out or be uncovered by strong winds. This can usually be prevented by burying not just the tip of the sensor but a length of the cable as well. It is also best to bury the sensor and cable at an angle to the soil surface (not perpendicular). The sensor is terminated with 3 wires which connect to the terminal block. The red lead also has a 33.2K ohm precision resistor connected in series with the thermistor. The red lead is connected to the current input terminal labeled I4 on the terminal block. The black lead is connected to the regulated +5 volt power supply, which is the 5VDC terminal on the The silver shield wire is connected to the signal ground terminal for current channel I4. V LK MODEL P V LK2 P2 R R2 P I5 I4 V4 V3 V2 V 5VDC 3mA SENSOR INPUTS 5VDC 3mA UNREG 6mA UNREG 6mA VIN 8-6VDC TB Red lead to terminal "I4" Silver shield to adjacent ground terminal Black lead to 5VDC terminal #2 Figure 4-4. Attach the red lead to current input channel I4, and the black lead to the 5VDC terminal Relative Humidity/Air Temperature Sensor The Relative Humidity/Air Temperature Sensor (Humitter ) requires a 7-28 VDC input power source and has a signal conditioned voltage output of 0-V = -40 C to 60 C for air temperature and 0-V = 0-00% for relative humidity. Mounting the Sensor in the Gill Shield. Remove the protective yellow cap from the sensor. 2. Remove the threaded nylon insert from the bottom of the gill shield. 3. Insert the into the nylon insert until the bottom of the Humitter is flush with the bottom of the insert. 4. Thread the insert back into the bottom of the gill shield. The insert is tapered so that it tightens around the sensor as it is threaded into the shield. Tighten only until hand tight. Connecting the Sensors 4-3

26 Section 4 Interfacing to the LI-400 Datalogger. Connect the yellow wire (7-28 VDC power) to unregulated power supply terminal #8 (UNREG). This terminal supplies power to the sensor. 2. Connect the green wire (ground) to the adjacent ground ( ) terminal. 3. Connect the violet wire (temperature voltage signal) to voltage signal channel V. 4. Connect the brown wire (RH voltage signal) to voltage signal channel V2. V LK MODEL P V LK2 P2 R R2 P I5 I4 V4 V3 V2 V 5VDC 3mA SENSOR INPUTS 5VDC 3mA UNREG 6mA UNREG 6mA VIN 8-6VDC TB Brown lead to terminal "V2" Violet lead to terminal "V" Yellow lead to UNREG 6mA terminal #8 Green lead to adjacent ground terminal Figure 4-5. Wire connections for Air Temperature/Relative Humidity Sensor. 4-4 Connecting the Sensors

27 Section Wind Speed/Wind Direction Sensor NOTE: It is important to note that the Wind Speed/Wind Direction Sensor requires several seconds to warm up before making measurements. Make sure the Power Delay option under SETUP/LOGGING in the LI-400 Datalogger is set to 5 (sec).. Remove the 4 screws on the corners of the junction box and remove the cover. 2. There is a 6-conductor cable (9' long) in the installation kit that is used to connect the anemometer to the terminal block. 3. Connect the brown wire (output reference) to ground ( ) terminal #7. 4. Connect the red wire (wind speed voltage output) to voltage signal channel V3. 5. Connect the green wire (wind direction voltage output) to voltage signal channel V4. 6. Connect the black wire (power reference) to ground ( ) terminal #7. 7. Connect the white wire (+8 to +24VDC power) to UNREG 6mA terminal #6. 8. Connect the silver shield wire (earth ground) to any ground ( ) terminal. 9. There is a short length of grounding wire (designated as "jumper" in diagram below) in the assembly kit. Attach one end of this wire to any ground terminal, and attach the other end to the grounding strip in the instrument enclosure. 0. Replace the junction box cover on the Refer to the R.M. Young Wind Sentry instructions for information on wind vane alignment. Connecting the Sensors 4-5

28 Section 4 V LK MODEL P V LK2 P2 R R2 P I5 I4 V4 V3 V2 V 5VDC 3mA SENSOR INPUTS 5VDC 3mA UNREG 6mA UNREG 6mA VIN 8-6VDC TB Green (V4) Red V3) Brown (Gnd) Black (Gnd) Grounding Strip Junction box EARTH GND +PWR REF WD WS REF Jumper White (Unreg) Figure 4-6. Wire connections for Wind Speed/Wind Direction Anemometer. Brown Red Green Black White Silver 4-6 Connecting the Sensors

29 Section Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge The has a 50 foot cable for connection to the LI-400. This cable is terminated with two wires that are used to connect the to the terminal block. Connect the two wires to the terminal block at terminals and 2 labeled 'TB'. Because the acts as a simple switch, it does not matter which wire is attached to either terminal. V LK MODEL P V LK2 P2 R R2 P I5 I4 V4 V3 V2 V 5VDC 3mA SENSOR INPUTS 5VDC 3mA UNREG 6mA UNREG 6mA VIN 8-6VDC TB Both leads to terminals "TB" Figure 4-7. Attach either lead to TB terminals. Site Requirements The placement of the Tipping Bucket is important, in that it affects the quality of the precipitation catch. The precipitation catch is more accurate when there are objects in the vicinity of the rain gauge that reduce the prevailing wind speed. The best site for the gauge is often found in openings in groves of trees, or near orchards, bushes, shrubbery, fences or other objects that act as a windbreak. In areas where the height of the obstructions and their distance from the gauge is uniform, the best placement is usually at a distance that is less than twice the height of the obstruction. Most sites also change over time. The growth of vegetation, trees and shrubbery, or man-made alterations of the surroundings can slowly change the quality of the precipitation catch. Servicing The Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge should be serviced annually. In heavily forested areas or where airborne debris is a consideration, it may need to be serviced more frequently. The bucket assembly and drains should be checked periodically to make sure they are clean and free of obstructions. The tipping bucket and inner funnel should be carefully wiped clean. Switch Closure The standard switch closure is a momentary SPST which occurs for every mm of rainfall. To check, connect an ohmmeter to the rain gauge at the terminal block. With the bucket at rest on one of the calibration screws, the ohmmeter should read infinite resistance. Slowly move the bucket to simulate tipping motion, until contact closure is made. The resistance of the contacts should be less than ohm. The ohmmeter should again read infinite resistance when the bucket rests on the other calibration screw. Connecting the Sensors 4-7

30 Section 4 Check that the gauge is still level when maintenance is complete. To maintain accuracy of the rainfall catch, the rim of the funnel should be protected from dents or other damage that might alter its shape. Troubleshooting Check the cable connections to make sure they are properly connected. Check to see that the bucket moves freely on the pivots, that the magnet is securely in place, and the switch is working properly. If the LI-400 registers low or does not register anything during precipitation, check for debris in the inlet funnel and/or drains. If the LI-400 registers high during precipitation, check the level of the orifice to ensure the sensor is properly installed and leveled. Recheck calibration. Install the Ground Wire Locate the ground wire; one end of the wire has a loop that attaches to the nut on the anchor attachment screw (see Figure 3-2). The other end is threaded up through the bottom of the sealed enclosure and is attached to the grounding strip. Remove the screw on the anchor attachment and place the ground wire loop between the screw head and the nut. Re-insert and tighten the screw against the anchor. Thread the nut against the screw head to clamp the ground wire. Finishing the Installation To finish the installation, you may want to tidy up some of the sensor cables by running them between the clips on the underside of the sensor mounting bar, and then securing them to the tripod with the cable ties included. There is also a length of cable wrap that can be placed around the sensor wires, if desired. Make a loop of the wires that run into the sealed instrument enclosure and wrap with a cable tie; the loop prevents water from running down the wires and into the enclosure. Fasten the sensor wires to the slots at the top of the terminal block with a cable tie to provide strain relief. 4-8 Connecting the Sensors

31 IMPORTANT! Please read the following section before proceeding with the LI-400 configuration. Complete information on operation and configuration of the LI-400 Datalogger can be found in the LI-400 instruction manual. The information below highlights the important steps needed to set up the LI-400 to collect data from the LI-40 Agro-Meteorological Station. There are two ways to configure the LI-400; the simplest way is to use the LI-400 keypad and display. For simple configuration changes of one or two parameters, or when making changes in the field, the menu system in the LI-400 is often the simplest way to make changes. For more complex configuration changes, however, it is usually easier to use the Windows interface software program. This software provides a global view of the LI-400 configuration. All parameters can be configured in software; the configuration file can then be uploaded to the datalogger. Once the configuration file is uploaded, further changes to the configuration can be made from the datalogger keypad, if desired. Instructions for uploading setup files is given below; additional information can be found in Section 9, Data Communications, of the LI-400 instruction manual. Note that when a new configuration file is loaded into the LI-400, the old configuration is lost (it is actually made inactive). If you have a configuration file that you want to save, you must first download this file to your computer using the interface software, prior to uploading the new configuration file. It is also a good idea to clear the LI-400 memory before installing the LI-400 in the weather station. This will erase all inactive configuration files as well as any old data to give you the maximum amount of free memory. Note that this is important only when the LI-400 is not in overwrite mode (see Memory Overwrite below). Entering the LI-200SA Pyranometer Sensor Multiplier A configuration file named LI40.L4 is included with the software to help you set up your LI-40 Agro-Meteorological Station. When uploaded, this file will properly configure all channels to log daily averages for all sensors, except for the tipping bucket rain gauge, which logs daily totals of precipitation. All sensors except for the LI-200SA Pyranometer have generic calibration coefficients. LI-COR pyranometers have unique calibration coefficients (a multiplier) that must be entered into the LI-400 Datalogger. The multiplier can be found on the tag attached to the sensor, or on the calibration certificate that accompanies the sensor. See Section 4 of the LI-400 instruction manual for more details. If you choose to upload the LI40.L4 without first making changes, you must enter the correct multiplier using the LI-400 keypad. Alternatively, you could modify the LI40.L4 setup file to include the pyranometer multiplier (and any other desired changes), and then upload the file to the LI-400. Memory Overwrite The LI-400 Datalogger has two modes for using memory; with "Memory Overwrite" turned On, the oldest data will be overwritten with new data when memory becomes full. When "Memory Overwrite" is turned Off, Configuring the LI

32 Section 5 the LI-400 will stop logging when memory is full. See page 0-27 of the LI-400 instruction manual for more details. The LI40.L4 setup file has "Memory Overwrite" turned on initially; you can change this if desired. Cabling The RS-232 Serial Cable is a DTE to DTE cable with 9-pin connectors on both ends to plug into the 9-pin connector on the bottom of the LI-400. This cable should be used to interface with other DTE devices such as computers, serial printers, and terminals with 9-pin serial ports. If you want to interface to a device with a 25-pin serial port, then a 9-pin to 25-pin adapter must be used. Uploading the Setup File to the LI-400 The LI-400 stores configuration parameters in a setup file that can be downloaded and later uploaded to the LI-400 if your terminal program has XMODEM capabilities. This can be convenient for archiving setup files or when different setups are required for different applications, as with the LI-40. Although the setup files are easily transferred with the PC Communications Software, they can also be uploaded and downloaded with any terminal program. The following discussion demonstrates how you can upload the LI-40 setup file (included on the software disks) to the LI-400 to begin logging data from the weather station. This discussion assumes that you have already installed the software on your PC, as described in the LI-400 Instruction Manual. NOTE: The LI-40 setup file is a recommended set of data collection parameters; it can be modified to suit your individual requirements if desired using the PC Communications Software. To upload the LI-40 setup file:. Start the program on your PC. The main window appears. 2. Click on the Remote menu and select Connect. This establishes communications between the computer and the LI-400. You are prompted to select the serial port to which the LI-400 is connected. Connect Com port number Connect Cancel Enter the serial port number and press Connect. A message that says 'Synchronizing' will be displayed until communications are established. 3. Click on the File menu and select Open. The Open dialog appears. Use the 'Look In' drop down menu to change directories. The LI40.L4 file is located in the same directory as the program file. Locate the LI40.L4 setup file, highlight it, and click on the Open button. 5-2 Configuring the LI-400

33 Section 5 Open? Look in: Li400 Li40.L4 File name: Files of type: Li40.L4 LI400 Setup Files (*.L4) Open Cancel 4. Select Send Setup from the Remote menu. This will send the LI40.L4 file to the LI-400 for implementation. The Main window will appear as: LI400 - C:\Programs\LI400\Li40.L4 File Remote Help Channel Setup Sensor Type Light Description Channel Label SOLAR WM Muliplier Average sec Logging Options LR Choose... Configuring the LI

34 Section 5 The following parameters for the LI-40 sensors will be logged: Variable Units Measurement interval (hr) Hourly values Solar radiation W m -2 average Air temperature C average Relative humidity % average Vapor pressure kpa off average Wind speed m/s average Wind direction degrees average Daily values Precipitation mm daily (24 hr) total Soil temperature C average Dewpoint 2 C off average Computed from air temperature on Math channel. 2 Computed from saturation vapor pressure and relative humidity on Math channel 2. Tdp is the inverse of E Sat. 5. Turn logging On, either with the LI-400 keypad, or by selecting Logging State from the Remote menu, and choosing the On option. Logging will begin using the parameters shown above. 6. If desired, turn Math channels and 2 On with the LI-400 keypad to log vapor pressure and/or dewpoint temperatures (optional). 7. Make sure that the Wind Speed/Wind Direction Sensor (voltage channels V3 and V4) are configured with a power delay of 5 seconds under the SETUP/LOGGING option. 8. Make sure that the correct multiplier for the LI-200SA Pyranometer sensor is entered into the LI Configuring the LI-400

35 LI-400 Datalogger Current Inputs: Five channels; three through external sealed BNC connectors, and two through the Standard Terminal Block. Voltage Inputs: Four high impedance (>500M ohm) single-ended channels accessed through the Terminal Block. Current channels I4 and I5 can be configured for voltage measurement by changing a jumper on the terminal block. When configured for voltage measurement, channels I4 and I5 have 00K ohm input impedance. Pulse Counting Input: One pulse counting channel. Switch closure for tipping bucket rain gauge ( Hz maximum). Math Channels: 9 math channels. Math channels combine results of two channels with addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operators. Other math channel functions include fifth order polynomial, Steinhart- Hart function for thermistors, natural log, saturation vapor pressure, and dew point. Five math libraries are available to store commonly used functions. Analog-to-Digital Converter Resolution: 6 bit ( part in 65,536). Scanning Speed: 0 channels per second. Voltage Accuracy: < 0.% of full scale reading (25 C). ± 0.5% (0 to 55 C). Current Accuracy: ± 0.3% of full scale reading (25 C). ± 0.5% (0 to 55 C). Temperature Coefficient: ± 0.0% of reading per C. Linearity: 0.07%. Frequency Rejection: >90 db at 50 or 60 Hz (software selectable). Input Noise (25 C) Typical Maximum Voltage ± 76 µv ± 52 µv Current ± 7.6 picoamps ± 30.4 picoamps Voltage Range (Channels V-V4): Voltage Range Resolution: ± 2.5 volts 76 microvolts Voltage Range (Channels V5-V6): Voltage Range Resolution: ± 25.0 volts 760 microvolts Current Range Selection: Autoranging. Current Ranges Resolution ± 250 nanoamps 7.6 picoamps 2 ± 2.5 microamps 76 picoamps 3 ± 25 microamps 760 picoamps 4 ± 250 microamps 7.6 nanoamps Current Channel Input Impedance: Typically < 0.03 ohm for ranges, 2, or 3; < 0.3 ohm for range 4. Voltage Channel Input Impedance: >500M ohm on voltage channels V through V4. D.C. Voltage Excitation: Two regulated: V (±.2%) at 3 ma; Two unregulated: 9.5V ±0% or higher at 6mA. With external 4V input, unregulated output is 3.4V. Logging Periods: Seconds:, 5, 5, 30. Minutes:, 5, 5, 30. Hours:, 3, 6, 2, 24. Sampling Interval: Seconds:, 5, 5, 30. Minutes:, 5, 5, 30, 60. Specifications A-

36 Appendix A Short Term Averaging: Selectable at, 5, 5, or 30 seconds. While averaging, the oldest point is dropped when the newest point is added. Averaged readings reduce instrument noise by approximately the square root of the number of samples. Keyboard: Sealed, 24 key tactile response keypad. Display: Two line, 6 character alphanumeric LCD. Updated once per second. Temperature compensated readability from -5 to 55 C. Real Time Clock: Year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds. Accuracy: ± 3 minutes per month (25 C). Internal Memory: 96K bytes available for data storage. Communications: RS-232C, hardwired Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) through 9-pin port. Baud rates are software selectable at 300, 200, 2400, 4800, and Communication is bi-directional. Battery Requirements: Four Alkaline "AA" batteries in sealed battery compartment. Back-up Battery: Internal lithium battery maintains memory up to seven years. Battery Voltage: Automatic low battery instrument shut-off. Remaining power after shut-off maintains data stored in memory. Low battery warning displayed before automatic shut-off. Power management software also shuts off the instrument after 5 minutes of inactivity. Battery Capacity with "AA" Batteries: 60 hours continuous operation. Battery Capacity with External Alkaline "D" Cell Battery Pack: Up to 6 months of operation with minute sampling interval. External DC Power: 7-6 VDC. External AC Power: VAC, Hz with AC Adapter. Enclosure: ABS plastic case for splash resistant operation and protection from wind blown dust. Equivalent to IP54 level. Operating Conditions: -25 to 55 C; 0 to 95% RH, non-condensing. Storage Conditions: -30 to 60 C; 0 to 95% RH, non-condensing. Size: 22L x 3W x 4.3 cm D (8.6 x 5. x.7 ). 9.3 cm (3.7") width of the lower case allows easy hand-held operation. Weight: 0.7 kg (.5 lb). LI-200SA Pyranometer Type: High stability silicon photovoltaic detector Range: watts m -2 Output: Typically 90 µa (000 w) - m -2 Error: Typically ±5% Soil Temperature Sensor Type: Thermistor Range: -40 to +50 C Accuracy: ±0.5 C Output: Temperature proportional to microamp current using 5th order polynomial Air Temperature/RH Sensor Air Temperature Type: Platinum RTD Accuracy: ±0.8 C Output: 0-V = -40 to +60 C Relative Humidity Type: Capacitance Accuracy: ±3% (0-90% RH) Output: 0-V = 0 to 00% RH Wind Direction/Speed Sensors Wind Direction A-2 Specifications

37 Appendix A Type: Vane Range: 0 to 360 degrees Accuracy: ±5 degrees Threshold: 2.9 mph Output: 0-V = 0 to 360 degrees Wind Speed Type: 3 cup Range: 0 to 2 mph Accuracy: ±. mph Threshold: 2.5 mph Output: 0-V = 0 to 00 mph Tipping Bucket Raingauge Type: Tipping bucket Output: pulse mm - Specifications A-3

38 The company names, addresses, and phone numbers are the most current we have at the time of this printing. In some cases the information may change without notice. Bearings for Anemometer (Wind Sentry) R.M. Young Company 280 Aero Park Drive Traverse City, MI FAX: RH Sensing Element for RH/Air Temperature Sensor (Humitter) Vaisala, Inc. (U.S. office) 00 Commerce Way Woburn, MA FAX: Suppliers B-

39 Each LI-COR, inc. instrument is warranted by LI-COR, inc. to be free from defects in material and workmanship; however, LI-COR, inc.'s sole obligation under this warranty shall be to repair or replace any part of the instrument which LI-COR, inc.'s examination discloses to have been defective in material or workmanship without charge and only under the following conditions, which are:. The defects are called to the attention of LI-COR, inc. in Lincoln, Nebraska, in writing within one year after the shipping date of the instrument. 2. The instrument has not been maintained, repaired, or altered by anyone not approved by LI-COR, inc. 3. The instrument was used in the normal, proper, and ordinary manner and has not been abused, altered, misused, neglected, involved in and accident or damaged by act of God or other casualty. 4. The purchaser, whether it is a DISTRIBUTOR or direct customer of LI-COR or a DISTRIBUTOR'S customer, packs and ships or delivers the instrument to LI-COR, inc. at LI-COR inc.'s factory in Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A. within 30 days after LI-COR, inc. has received written notice of the defect. Unless other arrangements have been made in writing, transportation to LI-COR, inc. (by air unless otherwise authorized by LI-COR, inc.) is at customer expense. 5. No-charge repair parts may be sent at LI-COR, inc.'s sole discretion to the purchaser for installation by purchaser. 6. LI-COR, inc.'s liability is limited to repair or replace any part of the instrument without charge if LI-COR, inc.'s examination disclosed that part to have been defective in material or workmanship. There are no warranties, express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranty of merchantability of fitness for a particular purpose on underwater cables or on expendables such as batteries, lamps, thermocouples, and calibrations. Other than the obligation of LI-COR, inc. expressly set forth herein, LI-COR, inc. disclaims all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The foregoing constitutes LI-COR, inc.'s sole obligation and liability with respect to damages resulting from the use or performance of the instrument and in no event shall LI-COR, inc. or its representatives be liable for damages beyond the price paid for the instrument, or for direct, incidental or consequential damages. The laws of some locations may not allow the exclusion or limitation on implied warranties or on incidental or consequential damages, so the limitations herein may not apply directly. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may already have other rights which vary from state to state. All warranties that apply, whether included by this contract or by law, are limited to the time period of this warranty which is a twelve-month period commencing from the date the instrument is shipped to a user who is a customer or eighteen months from the date of shipment to LI-COR, inc.'s authorized distributor, whichever is earlier. This warranty supersedes all warranties for products purchased prior to June, 984, unless this warranty is later superseded. DISTRIBUTOR or the DISTRIBUTOR'S customers may ship the instruments directly to LI-COR if they are unable to repair the instrument themselves even though the DISTRIBUTOR has been approved for making such repairs and has agreed with the customer to make such repairs as covered by this limited warranty. Further information concerning this warranty may be obtained by writing or telephoning Warranty manager at LI-COR, inc. IMPORTANT: Please return the User Registration Card enclosed with your shipment so that we have an accurate record of your address. Thank you.

40 LI-COR, inc. Environmental Division 442 Superior Street P.O. Box 4425 Lincoln, Nebraska USA Phone: FAX: Toll-free (U.S. & Canada) Internet: