Spinning Wheel Integrated Force Transducer (SWIFT ) Accurate and reliable data acquisition for vehicle testing and analysis. be certain.

Transcription

1 l Spinning Wheel Integrated Force Transducer (SWIFT ) Accurate and reliable data acquisition for vehicle testing and analysis be certain.

2 M T S S W IF T t echnology p rov ides superior, high-qua lit y data me asuremen t a nd gre at ly reduces t he t ime a nd e x pense of t r a di t ion a l v ehicle ins t rumen tat ion t echniques. Ligh t w eigh t y e t rugged, t he broa d p roduc t line includes si x sizes to accommodat e a n y t y pe of v ehicle.

3 The MTS SWIFT Wheel Force Tranducers save time, expense and provide superior data 3 Save Time on the Proving Ground With the SWIFT sensor, no specialized instrumentation or calibration of suspension parts is required to collect and acquire road load data from a vehicle test. The SWIFT sensor provides complete spindle load data with just hours of preparation instead of the weeks of preparation required for traditional instrumentation. And, it provides unmatched data accuracy and fidelity, a claim other wheel force transducer manufacturers cannot make. Save Money Thanks to the ease of installation and inherent reliability of the SWIFT sensor coupled with its ability to provide data directly calibrated in terms of loads at the spindle you can deliver usable information to your design team or test laboratory in days, rather than weeks or months. Financial investment in MTS SWIFT technology can be paid back in as little as three vehicle data acquisition programs. Save Time in the Laboratory The SWIFT sensor can be easily mounted directly to modified wheels and MTS Model 329 road simulators allowing use of identical vehicle instrumentation on the proving ground and in the laboratory. Data acquired by the SWIFT system is particularly synergistic with the MTS Model 329 6DOF (six-degree-offreedom) road simulator. Thanks to the accurate, uncoupled spindle loads data the SWIFT sensor provides, simulation test development time is also significantly reduced. Laboratory test results can be available days or even weeks earlier than before. Improve Accuracy Unlike conventional instrumentation of vehicle suspensions for the measurement of spindle loads, the SWIFT system provides the three forces and three moments at the spindle directly. This is the information your design team needs.

4 The SWIFT sensor has independent strain gage bridges that measure forces and moments about three orthogonal axes. This unique transducer is lightweight and compact, yet very robust in order to withstand the harsh environments encountered in automotive road testing and road data acquisition. The SWIFT sensor has minimal effect on the mass-elastic system of the test vehicle, resulting in responses to road loads that are accurate and realistic. RoadWheel test system SWIFT Sensor Hub Adapter Modified Rim & Tire SWIFT/Tire Assembly One Transducer, Multiple Wheel Sizes The SWIFT sensor design simply and inexpensively adapts to a wide variety of wheel rim and hub configurations while maintaining an overall mass comparable to the standard wheel. With six sizes available, you can employ the SWIFT system on a wide range of vehicles including motorcycles, ATVs, compact cars, standard-sized vehicles, sport utility vehicles, light, medium and heavy trucks, and high performance racing vehicles. One-piece aluminum, titanium or steel construction meets most standard applications. Since its introduction, the SWIFT system has been employed in the development programs of most of the world s vehicle makers as well as many of their suppliers. Applications of the SWIFT sensor include: Road load data acquisition Laboratory road simulation testing on spindle-coupled, tire-coupled, and Flat-Trac Flat Surface Roadway test systems including generic road profile playback using MTS Effective Road Profile Control software Tire tread wear and characterization testing Dynamic suspension characteristics measurements Supporting vehicle analysis needs such as computer model verification and NVH work Easy to Install and Use The SWIFT sensor was engineered for easy installation and use. It is easily bolted to an adapted wheel rim. Then, it can be installed, connected, and ready for operation in a matter of just a few hours, compared to the weeks or months it may take to strain gage and instrument a test automobile with conventional methods. The aluminum versions are engineered for road load data acquisition with most vehicle applications. A titanium or steel version may be preferred in applications where higher loads are necessary, or where challenging high cycle durability requirements are anticipated. Performance specifications for all models and versions are located in the back of this brochure. Each version of the MTS SWIFT sensor is considerably lighter than other wheel force transducers sized for the same applications, while providing high load capacity, durability and accuracy levels. Since the SWIFT sensor is adaptable to many wheel sizes and vehicle spindle configurations, one set of transducers can be used on a wide range of vehicles. This contrasts with other wheel force transducer designs that require the unit to be manufactured integral to the wheel. This makes the competitive transducer unique to that specific wheel size, limiting its use to a small selection of vehicles. The universal application and flexibility of the MTS SWIFT sensor save you money as well as time. Having the opportunity to choose from a range of sizes means you can enjoy the SWIFT benefits for all of your testing needs.

5 With SWIFT instrumentation you ll be taking data in hours, not weeks 5 Mount the SWIFT sensor to an adapted wheel. The SWIFT sensor easily adapts to most vehicles. Start taking data within hours of receiving the test vehicle. Standard, reusable instrumentation that s one of the more subtle but important benefits of using the SWIFT sensor in road data acquisition and laboratory testing. When you use the SWIFT sensor you don t need to rely on user judgment, analysis and skill and then hope that the transducers are truly mounted in the proper place to take meaningful data. The SWIFT system is always located in the right place to acquire data. Conventional methods require the instrumentation of the control arms, ball joints, struts, etc., which are specific to each vehicle. This often requires modification of the suspension parts, specialized transducer knowledge, calibration fixtures and time lots of time. The resulting transducers are prone to damage and unreliable in adverse weather conditions. They also do not give calibrated spindle loads directly. For most applications, bolting on and hooking up the SWIFT sensor will give you what you need. MTS expects the SWIFT sensor to be suitable for years of normal test track and laboratory usage. Actual service life will depend on the severity of the customer loading environment. The SWIFT sensors meet or exceed the durability of other comparable wheel force transducers as well as the SAE wheel tests (SAE J328 for cars and SUVs; SAE J267 for heavy trucks). Refer to specifications for SAE load ratings per SAE J328 and J267. One of the SWIFT sensor versions meets the needs for most common wheels. (See specifications.) The rim needs to be modified slightly to accommodate the SWIFT mounting. The outside of the load cell is designed to mate to the modified rim. A simple hub adapter mates the inner side of the load cell to the vehicle hub.

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7 Available for a wide range of vehicles Six standard sizes of SWIFT systems are available, covering a broad range of testing requirements. The SWIFT 10 sensor is used on motorcycles and small vehicles. The SWIFT 20 transducer is engineered for small cars and high performance cars. The standard SWIFT 30 passenger car unit covers the middle ground of medium and large passenger cars and minivans. The SWIFT 40 sensor is engineered for light trucks and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs), while the SWIFT 45 transducer is ideal for medium-duty trucks. The SWIFT 50 heavy truck unit fits class five through class eight wheels (19 to 24.5 inch). The SWIFT 10/20/30/40 sensors are available in aluminum and titanium versions, and the SWIFT 45 sensor is available in titanium. The SWIFT 50 GLP transducer is available in both titanium and stainless steel. Custom wheel force transducers can be developed for applications that cannot be met by the standard SWIFT product line. SWIFT 10 SWIFT 20 7 See the performance specifications in the back of this brochure. SWIFT 30 SWIFT 40 SWIFT 45 SWIFT 50

8 SWIFT design provides you with high quality data Spinning Application (test track data acquisition) Any Analog or Digital Recorder Output Signals SWIFT Transducer Interface (one per wheel) Power Supply Transducer Signals PC Communications Non-Spinning Application (laboratory simulation/control) Test Control System SWIFT Transducer Interface (one per wheel) Power Supply Transducer Signals PC Communications When using a SWIFT sensor on a moving vehicle, the strain gage bridges measure components of forces and moments, while an angular position sensor measures the relative position of the sensing bridges relative to the vehicle body. Analog electronics onboard the transducer condition the strain gage bridges to an amplitude level that permits low noise signal transmission. This approach maximizes the signal-tonoise ratio of the data while maintaining the integrity of the signal and providing superior synchronicity and the highest reliability of the data. An external transducer interface (TI) performs geometric strain bridge summation, crosstalk compensation and coordinate transformation to give outputs in the six loading axes in stationary vehicle coordinates. The output from the TI is an analog high-level signal suitable for input to a multichannel data recorder or an MTS FlexTest Controller.

9 Ride Comfort Testing Data 9 Proving Grounds Laboratory Simulation Slalom Curve Driving Output In-Lbs Time in Seconds Output In-Lbs Fx (tractive force) - Lbs Fy (lateral force) - Lbs Fz (normal force) - Lbs Mx (overturning moment) - In-Lbs My (wheel torque) - In-Lbs Mz (aligning torque) - In-Lbs Shown above is actual spindle load data taken with a SWIFT sensor from slalom (side-to-side steering) curve driving. The MTS SWIFT transducer measurement system employs a novel hybrid analogdigital computer to perform the transformation of the measured wheel data to true spindle loads in real time. This maintains the accuracy of the measured loads while avoiding the phase distortion and high noise levels. Enhanced performance is especially apparent at lower amplitudes and higher frequencies, allowing the accurate measurement of the loads critical for NVH or tire characterization studies. The measured parameters are: Longitudinal force (Fx) Lateral force (Fy) Vertical force (Fz) Overturning moment (Mx) Driving/braking moment (My) Steering moment (Mz) Wheel rotational position

10 SWIFT transducer technology extended to a wide variety of medium-sized to heavy truck applications Benefits» Significantly reduces instrumentation time for data acquisition, simulation testing» Provides accurate and timely engineering information to development, design teams» Provides data for accurate laboratory simulation testing» Enables data acquisition capabilities not previously available for these types of vehicles MTS offers two wheel force transducers that have been specially engineered for medium to heavy truck applications. The patented octatube design of the SWIFT 45 sensor and SWIFT 50 Global Low Profile (GLP) sensor provides eight load-carrying members, greatly reducing modulation and providing less stiffness variation as the sensor rotates. These transducers offer the best combination of low weight, high strength, high stiffness and unparalleled accuracy, and are designed for proving ground or laboratory testing. SWIFT 45 The durable SWIFT 45 Wheel Force Transducer is designed for acquiring data for, and testing of medium commercial vehicles such as large-size pickups, delivery and panel vans, dump trucks and other smaller-sized construction vehicles. Constructed of heavy-duty aircraftquality titanium, the versatile SWIFT 45 sensor provides the most accurate and reliable measurement of road load data. SWIFT 50 GLP The SWIFT 50 GLP Wheel Force Transducer is essential for testing and data acquisition on heavy truck, agricultural, military, construction and special-purpose vehicle applications. Designed to meet the highest loading requirements of any wheel force transducer, the MTS SWIFT 50 GLP transducer can be used on most heavy truck wheel types and sizes. This rugged sensor is the smallest wheel force transducer assembly available for heavy trucks. Available in titanium or stainless steel construction, this sensor can withstand the variable temperatures and weather conditions of outdoor testing. Both SWIFT 50 GLS models offer high yield stress data and are corrosion resistant. They have a unique narrow design that does not protrude significantly from the vehicle, allowing the vehicle to be tested on public roadways by keeping the overall width within statutory limits.

11 World-class SWIFT technology for small vehicles Benefits» Calibrated as complete unit» Lightweight design» Single structure for high durability and high accuracy 11» High load capacity» Easy to operate» Adaptable to multiple spindle geometries» Integrates with any data acquisition system The recreational vehicle industry has a strong need for knowing the real loads placed on small vehicles. To meet this need, MTS offers a wheel force transducer for small vehicles. The SWIFT 10 transducer can be used to measure loads on a wide variety of vehicles, including motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), metro or city cars, small tractors, golf carts, rickshaws, turf maintenance equipment and more. The MTS SWIFT 10 sensor is the smallest rotating, six-axis wheel force transducer available today. It is designed to be used on wheels as small as seven inches in diameter. Although compact, it has an extremely high strength-to-weight ratio. And like the other SWIFT models, it has patented design features such as the octatube for high strength, stiffness and accuracy. The SWIFT 10 sensor has the ability to accommodate small wheels, high dynamic load conditions, small incremental weight allowances and extreme environmental conditions. These sensors can be used in snow, rain, heat and cold. The SWIFT 10 sensor, like other MTS SWIFT sensors, is available in titanium and aluminum construction materials which optimize its load capacity and minimize weight to the application. Its single-piece structure is a superior design for reliability and accuracy. This versatile sensor is easily adapted to multiple spindle geometries, making it invaluable to manufacturers of a wide range of recreational and utility vehicles. Built with proven MTS technology by experienced engineers, the SWIFT 10 sensor provides a trusted solution to small vehicle manufacturers who recognize the value of creating analytical models to design their products.

12 The SWIFT sensor is a valuable tool that maximizes the utility of the MTS Model 329 Spindle-Coupled Road Simulator SWIFT sensor with an MTS Model 329 6DOF road simulator The SWIFT measurement system and the MTS Model 329 road simulator combine to make a powerful and efficient laboratory durability test tool. While the combination of the MTS Model 329 with conventional instrumentation to measure spindle loads was historically the approach that took the test track into the laboratory, the SWIFT measurement system now allows this to take place in less time than ever before. Laboratory testing is improved even more when the SWIFT system is paired with the MTS Model 329 6DOF road simulator. Tests have shown that SWIFT six-degree-of-freedom measurements combined with the six-degree-of-freedom road simulator provide the best overall simulation of suspension loads of any technology available. Data from the combined technologies is also more useful in analysis, design and modeling of the system, including creating models for virtual prototype development. The SWIFT measurement system eliminates the custom instrumentation and calibration required for the measurement of the proving ground load data. The same SWIFT wheel force transducers used to collect the data on the road can also be mounted directly in the wheel adapters of the MTS Model 329 road simulator and used to perform the simulation test. The SWIFT measurement system is directly compatible with MTS Remote Parameter Control (RPC ) simulation software. Tests performed by MTS have confirmed that the SWIFT measurement system allows faster and more accurate testing than traditional instrumentation. This is because the SWIFT system produces outputs directly corresponding to the uncoupled spindle forces that the MTS Model 329 road simulator applies to the vehicle. RPC simulation software requires fewer iterations to recreate the measured loads and the accuracy of the simulated loads in the laboratory is higher than previously achieved. Thanks to the extended frequency response of the SWIFT measurement system (see plot), the full potential of the dynamic performance of the MTS Model 329 simulator can also now be used. Data from traditional vehicle instrumentation based on strain gaged suspension components is limited in resolution and high frequency content, due to limitations in the compliance and natural frequencies of the suspension components themselves. With the SWIFT measurement system this limitation is now removed.

13 Superior frequency performance of a SWIFT sensor vs. traditional instrumentation* * strain gaged ball joint. specimen and which has a fatigue life that fits the expected duration of the test (number of fatigue cycles). MTS offers two SWIFT construction materials for each physical size; the aluminum models minimize weight, but have a limited fatigue life. Titanium or steel models provide a much longer fatigue life, but with some added weight. 13 The standard aluminum SWIFT measurement system is ideal for developing conventional durability tests on the MTS Model 329 road simulator. In these applications, the SWIFT sensor is replaced with an equivalent wheel adapter after development of the simulator drive signals is complete and prior to the durability test itself. The exposure of the aluminum SWIFT transducer to fatigue cycles is thus limited to the proving ground measurement and test development phases of the test. For applications where the SWIFT sensor is required to be part of the laboratory durability test itself, e.g., for test monitoring purposes, or when strenuous proving ground data acquisition or regular demanding laboratory service is required, MTS recommends the use of the titanium version of the SWIFT sensor. Further details of the fatigue ratings of all the SWIFT models can be obtained by contacting your MTS applications engineer. Selecting the Proper SWIFT Model for Road Simulator Use Using SWIFT wheel force transducers for vehicle spindle loads measurement also means they can be easily used for road simulator durability testing. Such testing requires an accurate measurement that relates back to each road simulator input. Most road simulators use from four to six loading inputs (vertical, lateral, longitudinal, brake, camber and steer) per spindle for typical body and/or suspension durability testing. For proper road simulator operation, at least one highly correlated measurement is needed for each input. The six-axis SWIFT system easily provides these measurements. On the road, the wheel force transducer must be accurate, lightweight and strong enough to measure durability events. On the road simulator, the wheel force transducer must not only be accurate and lightweight, but it must also be able to handle the high, multi-axis loading capacity of the road simulator for hundreds of thousands of cycles. Selection of the proper SWIFT models does require that both fatigue life and maximum loads be considered. The SWIFT model used on the road simulator must be able to handle the vehicle s spindle dynamic loads measured on the proving grounds. These are usually multiaxial component loads occurring simultaneously. This can be the same transducer that was used to measure the loads on the proving grounds, or it can be a different wheel force transducer as the data is generally transportable. Remember, the road simulator can generate these high fatiguing loads very quickly, so it is important to select a SWIFT model that has a long fatigue life for road simulator use. General rules are: Select a SWIFT model calibrated to a range that accommodates the maximum mean plus dynamic loads for that Select a SWIFT model that has an overload capacity sufficiently high to accommodate the maximum stall forces that could be created by the road simulator. Note, most road simulators can produce stall forces several times higher than typical vehicle spindle loads so a high overload capacity of the wheel force transducer is necessary for long-term road simulator use. Select the SWIFT model that meets the above criteria, yet which is the minimal weight required for your needs. Adding unnecessary wheel force transducer weight to the road simulator may lower the maximum performance of the road simulator as well impinging poor simulation accuracy on the uncontrolled axes of the road simulator (such as steer moment or camber moment, in the case of a Model 329 4DOF road simulator). MTS rates the SWIFT units in several ways: Maximum calibrated load rating is based upon an assumed fatigue life and maximum overload capacity. The overload capacity of SWIFT units is based upon a limited number of cycles at a single axis loading condition. Overload ratings are calculated values only, based upon an assumption that the transducer is not structurally damaged and can be easily re-used after it experiences one overload event. Note, the single axis overload capacity of a SWIFT transducer can be 300% to 400% higher than the fatiguerated calibrated values.

14 Additional SWIFT applications and features Tire and Wheel Testing Environmental Performance Load Data Collection for Design Validation Tire and Wheel Testing The MTS SWIFT sensor can also be used to acquire data on tire performance. Force and moment data from the rotating transducer can provide important performance information that can be utilized in many tire and vehicle applications, such as tire characterization, tread wear, rolling loss, noise, tiresuspension interaction and vibration analysis. It can be used to measure spindle reactions when mounted on the vehicle, or it can be mounted on a laboratory test system to enhance the force and moment measurement capabilities. The high stiffness and natural frequency of the SWIFT sensors, combined with the excellent resolution make the SWIFT sensor ideal for tire and wheel testing. Environmental Performance The SWIFT sensor is waterproof and suitable for use in conditions where the test vehicle will encounter standing or running water, or will be exposed to precipitation. The SWIFT sensor design accommodates the high temperature environments that vehicles normally experience during severe driving and braking events on hot proving ground road surfaces. The design of the sensing element and individual temperature compensation of each strain gage bridge minimize temperature induced drift error. Since no digital electronics reside on the SWIFT sensor, it is much more tolerant of high temperatures than wheel force transducers which contain digital electronics. Load Data Collection for Design Validation The SWIFT measurement system is the ideal tool for measurement of the spindle forces encountered during all driving maneuvers. These load values are required for verification of the suspension component design prior to manufacture.

15 Benefits Single-piece design provides low hysteresis Patented octatube design: - minimizes weight - provides shear beam measurement - is highly sensitive 15 Modulation error comparison of SWIFT transducer output vs. Flat-Trac transducer output Transducer Accuracy The transducer you choose to measure loads at the spindle of a vehicle should be as accurate as possible. If you compromise on accuracy, you may well lose the ability to acquire valid data for correct design criteria, proper road simulator operation and accurate computer modeling input. Minimizing dynamic errors is critical to good wheel force transducer design, especially when you want to accurately measure short duration events or high frequency phenomena. The structural and signal processing integrity of the SWIFT sensor produces a wide frequency response sufficient to measure noise and vibration environments. The SWIFT sensor is designed to be highly accurate, yet lightweight and strong. Its single-piece construction means there are no fastened joints prone to slippage. Other design elements that contribute to its exceptional accuracy include integrated flexure elements to isolate loads to the proper sensing bridges, high stiffness for extended frequency range, and analog electronics for high frequency response and signal-to-noise ratio. Minimum resonant frequencies for the SWIFT system with rim and tire are >300 Hz. Accuracy of the transducer can be characterized by the contributing errors of linearity, crosstalk, hysteresis, dynamic response and rotational effects. Each of these components of error can be measured precisely. Linearity, crosstalk and hysteresis errors are measured in each axis during static calibration. Maximum and typical error values are listed in the specification tables on pages These errors are considerably smaller (2-5 times) than other wheel force transducer designs. Rotating error, commonly called modulation error, is measured by comparing the SWIFT output to a very accurate six-axis load cell used in MTS Flat-Trac tire test machines. (See plot above.) The MTS SWIFT transducer leads the industry for lowest number of modulation errors.

16 The SWIFT system performance was validated in tests using an MTS Flat-Trac test system. Bridge zero offsets will cause a 1/rev fluctuation in the output as the wheel rotates. The SWIFT sensor compensates each of its eight bridges individually for zero shift and balance, thereby minimizing the signal distortion caused by the interaction of the individual bridge zeros as the unit rotates. Similarly to bridge zeroing, bridge gain balance is very critical to minimizing rotational error. MTS bridges are gain balanced and matched via individual amplifiers. This minimizes gain mismatch and associated induced rotational errors. As measured on the Flat-Trac test machine, SWIFT modulation errors can be as low as +/-0.4% of applied load. Actual modulation errors will depend upon the specific model of transducer and the rim design used for measurement. Typical modulation errors are less than three percent of applied load. Various types of modulation errors are created by a combination of structurally induced loads, bridge zero offsets and bridge gain mismatch. Modulation errors caused by structurally induced loads usually present themselves as sinusoidal output with a frequency content relating to the number of sensing beams in a wheel force transducer design. A stiff and continuous outer ring, in combination with a tuned flexure, isolates the sensing beams from loading fluctuations as the wheel rotates, thus minimizing the number/beam/rev modulation.

17 High natural frequency gives the SWIFT system a performance edge This is a comparison of the Fy response of a SWIFT system with 400 Hz natural frequency and a competitive wheel force transducer with a natural frequency of only 230 Hz Response of a 230 Hz WFT 17 Output in lbs Time Fin Error Fraw This figure represents the Fy response of the 230 Hz wheel force transducer to a 4000 lb. maximum, 10 millisecond duration force input (FIN) with a half sine waveform. The mass of the tire, wheel, fasteners and outer adapter rim with flange that act as active mass on the wheel force transducer flexure spring element is estimated at 41 lb. (15 x 6 rim and tire). FIN (blue) is the force input, FRAW (green) is the unfiltered electrical response of the wheel force transducer to the force input, and error (red) is the difference between FIN and FRAW Response of the MTS SWIFT Output in lbs Time Fin Error Fraw This figure represents of the Fy response of the SWIFT transducer to a 4000 lb. maximum 10 millisecond duration force input (FIN) with a half sine waveform. The mass of the tire, wheel, fasteners and outer stiffener ring of the transducer that act as active mass on the wheel force transducer flexure spring element is estimated at 50 lb. (15 x 6 rim and tire). Performance is superior throughout.

18 You get the best customer support MTS provides calibration services for the SWIFT product line that comply with the highest standards of quality, documentation and traceability. MTS has developed a sophisticated, automated calibration system that is unique to the industry. It is reliable, extremely accurate and provides extensive report generation. MTS engineers have designed a proprietary calibration frame that applies true vector loading, ensuring the most accurate calibration possible. All force standards used for calibration are NIST traceable and calibrated by an accredited laboratory to ISO standard The MTS SWIFT calibration facility provides: Calibration fixture allows multiple loads to be applied from a given transducer installation, saving time and reducing variability in calibration. Tight machining tolerances and an extremely rigid frame provide true vector loading and minimal crosstalk. Rim simulator with stiffness properties of a rim and/or Model 329 test system spindle housing. Use of a transducer end constraint provides end effects that are similar to those observed in various rims and wheels. Multiple, automated servo controlled actuators provide better load control, less human error and faster stabilization of load points via traceable calibration load standard reference transducers. Actuator control and calibrated multiplexed data acquisition record the actual loads applied at a given instant in time. Software driven data acquisition, calibration gain and coefficient computation provide the best set of calibration data to fit the output sensitivity and provide crosstalk compensation. The evaluation portion of the calibration validates the calculated calibration gain settings and crosstalk coefficients, and reports the errors as they are actually output from the transducer interface electronics. With advance scheduling, typical turnaround time to calibrate a SWIFT unit is approximately two weeks. To minimize downtime during calibration, MTS can provide rental units. Contact MTS for details of calibration scheduling and the use of interim SWIFT transducers while your units are being calibrated.

19 SWIFT Rental Units If you need a wheel force transducer for short-term use, consider renting. SWIFT sensor rental arrangements are also ideal for performing short-term data acquisition projects on a wide range of vehicles where one size SWIFT sensor system might not fit everything you need to test. The MTS SWIFT rental program is well suited for users who do not require continuous, long-term use of wheel force transducers and cannot justify a purchase. All sizes of SWIFT sensors are available for rental, usually on short notice. Contact MTS for availability and pricing. Warranty The MTS standard warranty that applies to the SWIFT product is one of the best in the industry. Both hardware and software components of the SWIFT transducer are covered for 24 months from acceptance. Training and Consulting MTS training and consulting services allow you to quickly become productive in data acquisition and road simulation tasks. MTS provides a variety of training courses to fit the needs of your test engineering staff. Training can be conducted at your test facility to allow your staff to become familiar with the equipment, installation procedures and troubleshooting techniques. In addition, MTS provides formal training in control and instrumentation. MTS Consulting Services provide a way for you to leverage MTS expertise in order to stay current with the latest technology and its applications. Consulting solutions include on-site training, instrumentation recommendations, data acquisition tasks and data analysis using advanced automation tools. Technical Support Successful application of highperformance equipment and software is possible only with responsive technical assistance. That is why MTS warranty coverage includes telephone support and industry-standard replacement parts. MTS has established a worldwide network of service centers operated by trained and skilled service technicians. Each location is staffed with professionals thoroughly trained to support MTS equipment and software. Demonstrations MTS can arrange to demonstrate the capabilities of MTS SWIFT measurement systems. To arrange a demonstration at MTS or at your site, contact your MTS field sales engineer. MTS also can provide you with a video clip showing the SWIFT system in operation. Applications MTS has developed unique expertise in building modified rims and hub adapters for SWIFT system applications on vehicles and MTS Model 329 road simulators. Contact us for assistance in meeting these needs. Custom Applications The MTS SWIFT measurement system was engineered by the transducer group at MTS. This group has been providing industry with custom transducer applications for more than 20 years. If you have measurement needs that cannot be met by standard transducers, ask for a technical discussion with our transducer group. 19

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21 It s easy to choose the SWIFT model right for your applications Trying to decide between two models? Consider the tradeoffs between load capacity and transducer accuracy. Keep in mind that the SWIFT design is weightoptimized yet maintains fatigue life. Select the lightest SWIFT sensor with a calibrated range that accommodates the majority of your test vehicles and their associated loads. Try to minimize weight added to the vehicle suspension by the wheel force transducer. Consider renting higher capacity SWIFT models for infrequent applications. Load Capacity Ratings It is important to select the SWIFT model that satisfies your loading requirements. In real-life situations, pure, single-axis loads (moments or forces) are never applied to the transducer when acquiring data. Loads are always applied in the form of complex, simultaneous load application. This makes rating the load capacity of multi-axial transducers such as the SWIFT sensor a complex issue because the load capacity is based upon six loads applied simultaneously. The amplitudes and the phasing relationships of these loads are usually unique to each user. MTS rates the SWIFT transducer for durability based upon the following factors; A calibrated range Comparable wheel load rating (SAE J328 or SAE J267) The values for calibrated load ratings, as listed in the specification tables, are based on our experience and knowledge of typical vehicle loads for durability events such as: Typical maximum usage (or operating) loads Typical combination of maximum simultaneous operating loads Acceptable accuracy at those loads Reasonable fatigue life and typical customer usage schedules MTS selected the six maximum calibrated loads (Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz) based upon these high loads occurring simultaneously at the center of the transducer. Overloading Conditions There are times when unexpected events may cause a test condition to exceed a maximum calibrated load for the SWIFT sensor. The SWIFT sensor can easily accept single-axis loads that exceed the calibrated load for a limited number of cycles without damage to the transducer. However, this overloading condition will reduce the fatigue life of the transducer. Contact MTS for assistance if your testing needs include expected overload conditions. We can calibrate your SWIFT sensor to any reasonable values (less than maximum overload). If you do not know your maximum operating load values, MTS provides a simple way of expressing fatigue life and loads using the SAE J328 test or rotating bending test. The maximum calibrated load and the maximum overload values should not be the same since calibrating to maximum will decrease the load measurement accuracy at the lower, yet more common loads. Ideally, you want the highest accuracy possible for the loads that are most commonly measured. 21 Assembly Product Material Weight (lb/kg) Half Axle Durability Rating (lb/kg)* SWIFT 10 Ti 14.3 lbs / 6.5 kg 1,600 lbs / 725 kg SWIFT 20 Al 20.7 lbs / 9.4 kg 965 lbs / 420 kg SWIFT 20 Ti 24.2 lbs / 11 kg 1,580 lbs / 717 kg SWIFT 30 Al 28.9 lbs / 13.1 kg 1,460 lbs / 662 kg SWIFT 30 Ti 50 lbs / 22.7 kg 2,400 lbs / 1,089 kg SWIFT 40 Al 70 lbs / 31.8 kg 2,700 lbs / 1,225 kg SWIFT 40 Ti 80 lbs / 36.3 kg 5,100 lbs / 2,313 kg SWIFT 45 Ti 137 lbs / 62 kg 8,000 lbs / 3,629 kg SWIFT 50 GLP Ti 187 lbs / 85 kg 8,400 lbs / 3,810 kg SWIFT 50 GLP SS 222 lbs / 101 kg 14,500 lbs / 6,577 kg ,000 12,500 15,000 *See specifications for complete information in English and Metric units.

22 SWIFT 50 Heavy Truck Specifications Titanium Stainless Steel SWIFT 50GLP T SWIFT 50GLP S.S. Measured Value UNITS (HT) (HT) Maximum Calibrated Load Ratings: Fx lb (kn) 33,721 (150) 49,458 (220) Fy lb (kn) 13,489 (60) 22,481 (100) Fz lb (kn) 33,721 (150) 49,458 (220) Mx in-lb (kn-m) 327,477 (37) 442,537 (50) My in-lb (kn-m) 354,029 (40) 442,537 (50) Mz in-lb (kn-m) 327,477 (37) 442,537 (50) Noise level peak to peak (0-500Hz) n 8 11 Maximum usable rpm rpm 2,200 2,200 Maximum speed (20 in. rolling radius) mph (kph) 125 (200) 125 (200) Maximum operating temperature (measured at the spindle hub) F ( C) 257 (125) 257 (125) Shock resistance, each axis g SWIFT environmental protection rating IP67 Input voltage required vdc or Input power required per transducer W 30 Output voltage full scale calibrated load V ±10 SAE J267 half axle rating lb 8,400 14,500 SAE bending moment seen on cell in-lb (kn-m) 238,000 (26.9) 39,000 (44.7) Nonlinearity Force Force % FS 1 1 M moment % FS 1 1 Hysteresis Force % FS M moment % FS Crosstalk Force _ Force % FS 1 1 Force _ Moment % FS 1 1 M moment _ Force % FS M moment _ Moment % FS Assembly Weight Information Transducer lb (kg) 49.0 (22.2) 84.0 (38.1) Spacer lb (kg) 4.4 (2.0) 4.4 (2.0) Slip ring assembly lb (kg) 4.0 (1.8) 4.0 (1.8) HD steel 22.5 x 9.00 modified rim lb (kg) (54.4) (54.4) Modified lug nuts (qty 10) lb (kg) 4.9 (2.2) 4.9 (2.2) Attached fastener lb (kg) 5.1 (2.3) 5.1 (2.3) Total weight lb (kg) (85.0) (100.9) Reference weight of standard unmodified 22.5 x 9.00 x 6.35 rim and lug nuts lb (kg) (48.5) (48.5) Differential weight lb (kg) 80.4 (36.5) (52.3) Minimum rim size inch (mm) 19.5 (495.3) 19.5 (495.3) Typical lug nut bolt circle accommodated (accepts M22, 1 1/8 in., M24 and 3/4 in. studs) mm 10x285, 10x285.75, 10x335 Output connector type Auto shunt calibration bnc on vehicle or test rig Notes:» Based on loads at the center of the transducer.» Each SWIFT 50GLP sensor will be calibrated on an MTS calibration machine. MTS provides complete documentation of calibration values for each serial number SWIFT unit. Unique calibration values are stored electronically and transferred to the transducer interface unit (TI box) shipped with each SWIFT 50GLP.» Periodic recalibration services can be provided by MTS.» Modified rim weight reflects a durability rated design. Material is selected for cold weather fatigue resistance. Rim design is provided by MTS and tested to SAE J267 criteria.» Proper rim design is essential for optimum performance.» For applications involving non-listed wheel sizes, contact your MTS application engineer.» Transducer weight listed reflects 335mm spindle bolt circle. Single wheel configuration. Specifications are subject to change without notice.

23 SWIFT 45 Medium Truck Specifications 23 Titanium SWIFT 45T Measured Value UNITS (MT) Maximum Calibrated Load Ratings: Fx lb (kn) 26,977 (120) Fy lb (kn) 10,791 (48) Fz lb (kn) 26,977 (120) Mx in-lb (kn-m) 247,820 (28) My in-lb (kn-m) 265,522 (30) Mz in-lb (kn-m) 247,820 (28) Noise level peak to peak (0-500Hz) n 8 Maximum usable rpm rpm 2,200 Maximum speed (15 in. rolling radius) mph (kph) 150 (240) Maximum operating temperature (measured at the spindle hub) F ( C) 257 (125) Shock resistance, each axis g 50 SWIFT environmental protection rating IP67 Input voltage required vdc Input power required per transducer W 6 Output voltage full scale calibrated load v ±10 SAE J267 half axle rating lb 8,000 SAE bending moment seen on cell in-lb (kn-m) 206,000 (23.3) Nonlinearity Force Force % FS 1 M moment % FS 1 Hysteresis Force % FS 0.5 M moment % FS 0.5 Crosstalk Force _ Force % FS 1 Force _ Moment % FS 1 M moment _ Force % FS 1.5 M moment _ Moment % FS 0.5 Assembly Weight Information Transducer lb (kg) 23.6 (10.7) Washer plates lb (kg) 9.0 (4.1) Slip ring assembly lb (kg) 2.0 (0.9) HD steel 19.5 x 6.75 modified rim lb (kg) 92.2 (41.8) Modified lug nuts (qty 10) lb (kg) 3.0 (1.4) Attached fastener lb (kg) 6.8 (3.1) Total weight lb (kg) (62.0) Reference weight of standard unmodified 19.5 X 6.75 X 5.5 rim and lug nuts lb (kg) 61.0 (27.7) Differential weight lb (kg) 75.0 (34.0) Minimum rim size inch (mm) 17.5 (444.5) Typical lug nut bolt circle accommodated (8x275 pattern accepts 20mm studs) mm 165 to 225; 8x275 Output connector type bnc Auto shunt calibration Internal shunts Notes:» Based on loads at the center of the transducer.» Each SWIFT 45 sensor will be calibrated on an MTS calibration machine. MTS provides complete documentation of calibration values for each serial number SWIFT unit. Unique calibration values are stored electronically and transferred to the transducer interface unit (TI box) shipped with each SWIFT 45.» Periodic recalibration services can be provided by MTS.» Rim design is provided by MTS and tested to SAE J267 criteria.» Proper rim design is essential for optimum performance.» For applications involving non-listed wheel sizes, contact your MTS application engineer.» Reference rim weights based on 19.5x6.75 truck rim with 5.5 offset, 10 hole 225mm bolt circle. Single wheel configuration. Specifications are subject to change without notice.

24 SWIFT 40 Light Truck Specifications Aluminum Titanium SWIFT 40A SWIFT 40T Measured Value UNITS (LT) (LT) Maximum Calibrated Load Ratings: Fx lb (kn) 8,992 (40) 13,489 (60) Fy lb (kn) 6,744 (30) 10,116 (45) Fz lb (kn) 8,992 (40) 13,489 (60) Mx in-lb (kn-m) 79,657 (9) 132,761 (15) My in-lb (kn-m) 115,060 (13) 177,015 (20) Mz in-lb (kn-m) 79,657 (9) 132,761 (15) Noise level peak to peak (0-500Hz) n 4 6 Maximum usable rpm rpm 2,200 2,200 Maximum speed (15 in. rolling radius) mph (kph) 150 (240) 150 (240) Maximum operating temperature (measured at the spindle hub) F ( C) 257 (125) 257 (125) Shock resistance, each axis g SWIFT environmental protection rating IP67 Input voltage required vdc or Input power required per transducer W 30 Output voltage full scale calibrated load V ±10 SAE J328 half axle rating lb (kg) 2,700 (1,227) 5,100 (2,318) SAE bending moment seen on cell in-lb (kn-m) 72,500 (8.2) 194,000 (21.9) Maximum spindle bolt circle in (mm) (170.5) (170.5) Nonlinearity Force Force % FS 1 1 M moment % FS 1 1 Hysteresis Force % FS M moment % FS Crosstalk Force _ Force % FS 1 1 Force _ Moment % FS M moment _ Force % FS M moment _ Moment % FS 1 1 Assembly Weight Information Transducer lb (kg) 18.9 (8.6) 28.7 (13.0) Hub adapter lb (kg) 5.0 (2.3) 8.2 (3.7) Slip ring assembly lb (kg) 1.8 (0.8) 1.8 (0.8) 16x7 modified rim lb (kg) 16.2 (7.3) 30.9 (14.0) Modified lug nuts (qty. 5) lb (kg) 1.1 (0.5) 1.1 (0.5) Attached fastener lb (kg) 3.7 (1.7) 6.2 (2.8) Total weight lb (kg) 46.6 (21.1) 76.8 (34.8) Reference weight of standard unmodified standard 16x7 rim and lug nuts lb (kg) 27.0 (12.2) 27.0 (12.2) Differential weight lb (kg) 19.6 (8.9) 49.8 (22.6) Minimum rim size inch (mm) 15 (381) 15 (381) Typical lug nut bolt circle accommodated mm 107 to 170 Output connector type bnc Auto shunt calibration O on vehicle or test rig Modal Properties: Frequency With tire & rim Mx, My hz Fy hz Without tire & rim Mx, My hz Fy hz 1,490 1,570 Notes:» Based on loads at the center of the transducer.» Each SWIFT 40 sensor will be calibrated on an MTS calibration machine. MTS provides complete documentation of calibration values for each serial number SWIFT unit. Unique calibration values are stored electronically and transferred to the transducer interface unit (TI box) shipped with each SWIFT 40.» Periodic recalibration services can be provided by MTS.» Rim design is provided by MTS and tested to SAE J328 criteria.» Proper rim design is essential for optimum performance.» For applications involving non-listed wheel sizes, contact your MTS application engineer.» Reference rim weights based on LT245/75R aluminum racing rim (40A) and heavy duty steel rim (40T). Wheel rim weights are as follows: SWIFT 40 (Light Truck) HD steel 16x7 light truck rim modified weight = 30.9 lb. (14.0 kg) Lightweight aluminum rim modified weight = 16.2 lb. (7.36 kg) For applications involving other size wheels and vehicles, contact your MTS application engineer. The slip ring modules and the connector/accelerometer modules are interchangeable; however different cabling is required. Specifications subject to change without notice.

25 SWIFT 30 Passenger Car Specifications 25 Aluminum Titanium SWIFT 30A SWIFT 30T Measured Value UNITS (PC) (PC) Maximum Calibrated Load Ratings: Fx lb (kn) 6,295 (28) 11,240 (50) Fy lb (kn) 5,171 (23) 8,992 (40) Fz lb (kn) 6,295 (28) 11,240 (50) Mx in-lb (kn-m) 44,254 (5) 79,657 (9) My in-lb (kn-m) 66,380 (7.5) 115,060 (13) Mz in-lb (kn-m) 44,254 (5) 79,657 (9) Noise level peak to peak (0-500Hz) n 3 5 Maximum usable rpm rpm 2,200 2,200 Maximum speed (15 in. rolling radius) mph (kph) 150 (240) 150 (240) Maximum operating temperature (measured at the spindle hub) F ( C) 257 (125) 257 (125) Shock resistance, each axis g SWIFT environmental protection rating IP67 Input voltage required vdc or Input power required per transducer W 30 Output voltage full scale calibrated load V ±10 SAE J328 half axle rating lb 1,460 2,400 SAE bending moment seen on cell in-lb (kn-m) 36,000 (4.1) 100,000 (11.3) Nonlinearity Force Force % FS 1 1 M moment % FS 1 1 Hysteresis Force % FS M moment % FS Crosstalk Force _ Force % FS 1 1 Force _ Moment % FS M moment _ Force % FS M moment _ Moment % FS 1 1 Assembly Weight Information Transducer lb (kg) 10.2 (4.6) 15.0 (6.8) Hub adapter lb (kg) 2.8 (1.2) 3.9 (1.8) Slip ring assembly lb (kg) 1.5 (0.7) 1.5 (0.7) 15x6 modified rim lb (kg) 8.8 (4.0) 24.0 (10.9) Modified lug nuts (qty. 5) lb (kg) 1.1 (0.5) 1.1 (0.5) Attached fastener lb (kg) 2.5 (1.1) 4.5 (2.0) Total weight lb (kg) 26.8 (12.2) 50.0 (22.7) Reference weight of standard unmodified standard 15x6 rim and lug nuts lb (kg) 22.1 (10.2) 22.1 (10.0) Differential weight lb (kg) 4.7 (2.1) 27.9 (12.7) Minimum rim size inch (mm) 13 (330.2) 13 (330.2) Typical lug nut bolt circle accommodated mm 100 to 130 Output connector type bnc Auto shunt calibration O on vehicle or test rig Modal Properties: Frequency With tire & rim Mx, My hz Fy hz Without tire & rim Mx, My hz Fy hz 1,255 1,445 Notes:» Based on loads at the center of the transducer.» Each SWIFT 30 sensor will be calibrated on an MTS calibration machine. MTS provides complete documentation of calibration values for each serial number SWIFT unit. Unique calibration values are stored electronically and transferred to the transducer interface unit (TI box) shipped with each SWIFT 30.» Periodic recalibration services can be provided by MTS.» Rim design is provided by MTS and tested to SAE J328 criteria.» Proper rim design is essential for optimum performance.» For applications involving non-listed wheel sizes, contact your MTS application engineer.» Reference rim weights based on P195/55R aluminum racing rim (30A) and P195/70R heavy duty steel rim (30T). Wheel rim weights are as follows: SWIFT 30 (Passenger Car) 15x6 aluminum racing modified rim wt = 8.8 lb. (4.0 kg) HD steel 15x6 modified rim wt = 24 lb. (10.9 kg) For applications involving other size wheels and vehicles, contact your MTS application engineer. The slip ring modules and the connector/accelerometer modules are interchangeable; however different cabling is required. Specifications subject to change without notice.

26 SWIFT 20 Specifications Aluminum Titanium SWIFT 20A SWIFT 20T Measured Value UNITS (ULTRA) (ULTRA) Maximum Calibrated Load Ratings: Fx lb (kn) 4,721 (21) 6,744 (30) Fy lb (kn) 3,597 (16) 5,620 (25) Fz lb (kn) 4,721 (21) 6,744 (30) Mx in-lb (kn-m) 35,403 (4) 53,104 (6) My in-lb (kn-m) 44,254 (5) 75,231 (8.5) Mz in-lb (kn-m) 35,403 (4) 53,104 (6) Noise level peak to peak (0-500Hz) n 4 6 Maximum usable rpm rpm 2,200 2,200 Maximum speed (15 in. rolling radius) mph (kph) 150 (240) 150 (240) Maximum operating temperature (measured at the spindle hub) F ( C) 257 (125) 257 (125) Shock resistance, each axis g SWIFT environmental protection rating IP67 Input voltage required vdc or Input power required per transducer W 30 Output voltage full scale calibrated load V ±10 SAE J328 half axle rating lb 965 1,580 SAE bending moment seen on cell in-lb (kn-m) 24,000 (2.7) 65,000 (7.3) Nonlinearity Force Force % FS 1 1 M moment % FS 1 1 Hysteresis Force % FS M moment % FS Crosstalk Force _ Force % FS 1 1 Force _ Moment % FS M moment _ Force % FS M moment _ Moment % FS 1 1 Assembly Weight Information Transducer lb (kg) 7.3 (3.6) 10.7 (4.9) Hub adapter lb (kg) 2.3 (1.0) 2.3 (1.0) Slip ring assembly lb (kg) 1.3 (0.6) 1.3 (0.6) 15x6 modified rim lb (kg) 9.0 (4.1) 9.0 (4.1) Modified lug nuts (qty. 5) lb (kg) 1.1 (0.5) 1.1 (0.5) Attached fastener lb (kg) 1.6 (0.7) 2.6 (1.2) Total weight lb (kg) 22.5 (10.2) 26.9 (12.2) Reference weight of standard unmodified standard 15x6 rim and lug nuts lb (kg) 22.1 (10.0) 22.1 (10.0) Differential weight lb (kg) 0.4 (0.2) 4.8 (2.2) Minimum rim size inch (mm) 12 (304.79) 12 (304.79) Typical lug nut bolt circle accommodated mm 98 to 150 Output connector type bnc Auto shunt calibration O on vehicle or test rig Modal Properties: Frequency With tire & rim Mx, My hz 325 Fy hz 610 Without tire & rim Mx, My hz 980 Fy hz 1,575 Notes:» Based on loads at the center of the transducer.» Each SWIFT 20 sensor will be calibrated on an MTS calibration machine. MTS provides complete documentation of calibration values for each serial number SWIFT unit. Unique calibration values are stored electronically and transferred to the transducer interface unit (TI box) shipped with each SWIFT 20.» Periodic recalibration services can be provided by MTS.» Rim design is provided by MTS and tested to SAE J328 criteria.» Proper rim design is essential for optimum performance.» For applications involving non-listed wheel sizes, contact your MTS application engineer.» Reference rim weights based on 205/65R 15x6 aluminum racing rim. Wheel rim weights are as follows: SWIFT 20 15x6 modified aluminum rim assembly has a target weight of 9.00 lb. (4.09 kg) For applications involving other size wheels and vehicles, contact your MTS application engineer. The slip ring modules and the connector/accelerometer modules are interchangeable; however different cabling is required. Specifications subject to change without notice.