Smart Grid Sahar Rahim MS-Electrical Engineering Supervisor: Dr. Nadeem Javaid
Contents Introduction Conventional power grid Smart grid Comparison between Conventional and Smart grid Difference between Conventional and Smart grid Benefits of Smart grid Distribution generation Energy Storage banks System Model Proposed Solution Billing Mechanism Conclusion 2
Introduction (1/4) Traditional power grid Interconnected and complex network Deliver electricity from utility companies to consumers. Comprises of following four major parts as in Fig. 1* Generation Produce electrical power Non-renewable resources (fossil fuel, coal, gases, e.t.c.) Renewable resources (wind, solar, water, e.t.c ) Transmission Bulk of high-voltage transmission line. Transformers (Step-up, step-down) Towers. Distribution To distribute electrical power. Relays Interrupters Consumption Residential load. Commercial load. Industrial load. Fig. 1: Conventional power grid * https://cleantechnica.com/2015/12/16/how-the-grid-works-why-renewables-can-dominate/ 3
Introduction (2/4) Drawbacks Unintelligent electricity system. Conventional power grid suffers lots of economical losses. Contributing factors and its consequences include*: Aging equipment: Unreliable--higher failure rates. Customer interruption rates--maintenance costs, repair and restoration costs. Obsolete system layout: Require serious additional and smart substation. Lack of computational abilities. Lack of communication abilities. Outdated engineering: Traditional tools for power delivery. Lack of smart electronic control and sensors. Lack of storage system. Lack of energy management systems. * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electrical_grid 4
Introduction (3/4) Parts that can be made smart To increase Efficiency Reliability and Robustness of the entire electrical power system In this regard, there is a need to modify all sections of electrical power grid Generation Transmission Distribution Consumption We have summarized these section as in fig. 2 Power system Generation Transmission Distribution Consumption Smart Ways of Generation Intelligent Ways of Transmission Efficient Distribution Cost- effective Consumption Fig. 2: Sections of power grid Water powered LED shower Solar, wind, hydro energy Piezoelectric Effect Self healing Machine communication Eliminate transmission lines Smart electronic sensors Smart metering Smart control room Optimization techniques Dynamic Tariff models Energy efficient appliances * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electrical_grid 5
Introduction (4/4) Smart grid(evolutionary power grid) Infrastructure that supports* Advanced electricity generation, delivery, and consumption; Advanced information metering, monitoring, and management; and Advanced communication technologies. Steps for conceptual design of a smart grid as in fig. 3 Visualizing power system in real time Increasing system capacity Eliminating bottlenecks Enabling a self healing system Enabling connectivity to consumers Fig. 3: Concept of Smart power grid * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electrical_grid 6
Comparison between conventional power grid and smart grid * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electrical_grid * www.slideshare.net/jhasumit/smart-grids-business-case 7
Difference between conventional power grid and smart grid * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electrical_grid 8
Benefits of Smart grid Generation (Distributed) Transmission (Bi-directional) Distribution Computational ability Communications infrastructure Reliability Intelligent Fault detection Intelligent Fault anticipation Sustainability Bank of electrical energy reservoirs Demand side management(dsm Security Smart grid DSM Load management Demand response Network topology Fig. 4: Smart grid units * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electrical_grid Fig.5: Main features of smart grid 9
Distribution generation Smart grid will enable renewable resources i.e. Solar energy Wind energy Hydro energy plants Bio-gas energy plants e.t.c. Promotes consumers to: actively participate energy management system Smart grid will lessen CO2 emission benefits Fig. 6: Expected CO2 emission * http://carbon.coop/blog/zapaman/community-smart-grid-prosumer-perspective. 10
Distribution Energy storage banks Grid energy storage is a collection of methods Used to store electrical energy on a large scale. Electrical energy is stored When production exceeds consumption returned to the grid when production falls below consumption Some notable energy storage projects include* Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations Bear Swamp Hydroelectric Power Station Seneca Pumped Storage Generating Station Salina Pumped Storage Project Carters Dam Smith Mountain Dam Matanoagawa Dam Fig. 7: Energy Storage Systems * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_energy_storage_projects 11
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