0 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Cemex Summary of estimated process emissions from identified cement production Climate Accountability Institute dataset marker Cement Notes China, PRC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HeidelbergCement Holcim Italcementi Lafarge Taiheiyo Emissions from identified cement prod n (MtCO/yr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Carbon in identified cement prod n (MtC/yr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CDIAC cement emissions (Million tonnes of CO/yr) : first year CDIAC cement data CDIAC cement emissions (Million tonnes of carbon/yr) Percent of total CDIAC cement emissions identified 0s -Nov- s s
0 X Y Z AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI AJ AK AL AM AN AO AP AQ AR AS AT AU AV AW dataset marker Summary of estimated process emissions from identified cement production Climate Accountability Institute -Nov- s 0s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 AX AY AZ BA BB BC BD BE BF BG BH BI BJ BK BL BM BN BO BP BQ BR BS BT BU BV BW BX 0s dataset marker Summary of estimated process emissions from identified cement production Climate Accountability Institute 0s -Nov- 0s 0s 0 0.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.0%.%.0%.%.%.%.%.%.%.% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%.%.0%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.0% 0.%.%.0%.%.%.0%.%.%.%.%.%
0 BY BZ CA CB CC CD CE CF CG CH CI CJ CK CL CM CN CO CP CQ CR CS CT CU Summary of estimated process emissions from identified cement production ** 0. IPCC tco/t cementitious product Climate Accountability Institute 0. CDIAC emission factor -Nov- 0. WBCSD Sustainabile Cement Initiative - general cement EF 0. WBCSD GNR suggests 0 percent process emissions of global average of kg CO per tonne of clinker dataset marker 0.0 IPCC tier approach, IPCC 00 0. truing up to CDIAC process emission factor 000s 0s Sum to 0 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Million tonnes CO Cement process emissions.%.%.% 0.% 0.% 0.%.%.%.%.%.0%.%.%.0%.% Process emissions as percent of Net CO Cemex 0 0 00,0,,,0 China, PRC HeidelbergCement 0, Holcim 0 0 0 0 0 Italcementi, Lafarge Taiheiyo 0,0,,,, y,0 Emissions from identified cement prod n (MtCO) 0 y, Carbon in identified cement prod n (MtC),0,0,,,0,,,,,0,00 y, CDIAC cement emissions (Million tonnes of CO) 0 y, CDIAC cement emissions (Million tonnes of carbon).%.%.0%.% 0.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.%.0%.% y.% Percent of cumulative CDIAC cement emissions Total emissions from identified cement production through 0 (million tonnes CO),0 ** CMS has collected data from company CSR reports on gross CO emissions on each entity s emissions from both process emissions (calcining limestone) and thermal + electric input emissions. ( Gross cement emissions worksheet.) In order to estimate process emissions only (to exclude each entity s fossil fuel emissions), CMS uses WBCSD s CSI data on average industry process emissions as a percent of gross CO emissions for 0, 000, 00, and 00. This percentage (in row : interpolated between CSI data years, extrapolating to 00, and assuming pre-0 equal to 0) is applied to each entity s gross CO emissions from cement manufacturing (previous worksheet). -0,0 Cement process emissions, excluding China
Cell: CT CMS lists the IPCC Guideline factor of EF clinker = 0. * 0. = 0. tco per tonne of clinker produced. (Average clinker lime percentage of. percent; molecular weight ratio of CO/CaO =. percent.) Cell: CT To quote from Boden et al (): This conversion factor was obtained by dividing the molar mass of carbon by the molar mass of calcium oxide and multiplying this quotient by the average fraction of calcium oxide contained in cement: (.0 g C/mole CaCO.0 g CaO /mole CaCO) * 0. g CaO /g cement = 0. g C /g cement. The consensus that.% of the typical cement in the world is composed of calcium oxide is based on the opinions of experts consulted in the field, as well as inspection of composition data by type and country (Griffin ). CMS: The formula: (.0/.0)*0.*. = 0., rounded up to 0.0. CDIAC () Estimates of Global, Regional, and National Annual CO Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: -, by T. A.. Boden, G. Marland, & R. J. Andres. cdiac.ornl.gov/epubs/ndp/ndp0/ndp0.htm#coman Cell: CT Comment: Rick Heede (Mar): WBCSD s Cement Sustainability Initiative reports average global gross emissions per tonne of clinker produced at kg CO per tonne (declining from kg CO/tonne in 0. See rpt for geographic, process (wet vs dry), or temporal variables, and entity reporting by region. Process emissions from calcining limestone into clinker is typically kg CO per tonne of clinker. WBCSD, Cement Sustainability Initiative (00) Cement Industry Energy and CO Performance Getting the Numbers Right, World Business Council for Sustainable Development, pp., www.wbcsdcement.org Cell: CT WBCSD Cement Sustainability Initiative (00) Cement Industry Energy and CO Performance Getting the Numbers Right, World Business Council for Sustainable Development, pp., wbcsdcement.org. Page : () about 0% of gross CO emissions originate fom limestone decomposition () % are fuel emissions where, apart from energy efficiency, the fuel composition plays a role. In Figure.: Gross CO emissions per tonne of clinker, 00: GNR global average kg CO per tonne of clinker. CMS: Thus 0 percent of kgco/t =. kg CO/tonne. Cell: CT IPCC (00) Guidelines, Vol., Chapter, Section... Choice of Emission Factors, Tier Method, page.. For the default CaO composition, tonne of clinker contains 0. tonnes CaO from CaCO. This carbonate is.0 percent CaO and. percent CO by weight (Table.). The amount (X) of CaCO needed to yield 0. tonnes CaO is: X = 0./0.0 =.0 tonnes CaCO (unrounded). The amount of CO released by calcining this CaCO =.0 0. = 0.0 tonnes CO (unrounded). Assuming a correction addition of percent to account for CKD, the rounded default emission factor (EFclc) for clinker is 0. tco/tonne of clinker. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (00) 00 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Volume : Industrial Processes and Product Use, Chapter : Mineral Industry Emissions, www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/00głvol.html Cell: CT Note: CMS compared carbon emissions from world cement production using USGS production data -0 results in estimates ~. percent higher than cement emission estimates by CDIAC (based on both totals -0). Correcting the Carbon Majors calculations to that of CDIAC suggests a process emission factor of. - (.*0.00) =. kg CO/tonne. CDIAC () Estimates of Global, Regional, and Naitonal Annual CO Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: -, by T. A.. Boden, G. Marland, & R. J. Andres. cdiac.ornl.gov/epubs/ndp/ndp0/ndp0.htm#coman Cell: CT * CMS has collected data from company CSR reports on net CO emissions on each entity s emissions from both process emissions (calcining limestone) and thermal + electric input emissions. ( Net cement emissions worksheet.) In order to estimate process emissions only (to exclude each entity s fossil fuel emissions), CMS uses WBCSD s CSI data on average industry process emissions as a percent of net CO emissions for 0, 000, and 00-0. This percentage (in row ) is applied to each entity s net CO emissions from cement manufacturing (previous worksheet). This percentage data series is derived in the Cement.xls workbook / Cement industry data, Table, row AB. Cell: CT CMS uses CDIAC emissions from cement production in China -0. Cell: CT CDIAC data in million tonnes of carbon converted to CO, which is. times Carbon if carbon and oxygen isotopes are accounted for, per Kevin Baumert May0, then at World Resources Institute: CO conversion is, precisely: C=.0 + O=. x =.00/.0 =.. Cell: CT From the associated Methods paper: CDIAC s emissions methodology is not described. Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres. 00. Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO Emissions. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi./cdiac/0000. Dec: CMS added CDIAC extrapolations for gas emissions from their dataset Preliminary 00-0 Global & National Estimates by Extrapolation (undated) to the main file cited above. November 0: Global Carbon Budget, Fossil fuel and Cement emissions data for 0-0. Cell: CT Page Intentionally Left Blank. Cell: CT
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