"The Role of DC Microgrids in Power Producing Buildings for the 21st Century Energy Network." Brian T. Patterson IEEE, IEC, USGBC President, EMerge Alliance Roundtable and Policy Committee Meeting Thursday, May 19, 2016 12:00 PM 1:00 PM NIBS, 1090 Vermont Avenue NW, Washington DC
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Solar (PV) Wind - Fuel Cells Micro-turbines - Combined Heat & Power Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Clean Energy Energy Storage Smart Grid Eminent Domain Synchronization Frequency Control Voltage Maintenance Reactive Power (VARs) Spinning Reserves Peaking Turbines Power System Resiliency Electro-Magnetic Pulses Brownouts-Blackouts Terrorism Extreme Weather Power Quality Linear Dynamic Failure Remote Power Access Off-grid Islanding Microgrids Load Shifting Demand Response Net Metering SSL - Efficiency Smart Controls Digital Devices IoT AC/DC Power Conversion Fast Charge Electric Vehicles Smart Buildings Zero Net Energy (ZNE)
There are increasing challenges with our legacy power infrastructure
Solution: = The ENERNET
62,500 1,700,000,000
Community Microgrid
Building Services Power Storage & Control Office & Occupied Space Outdoor Sources Factory or Warehouse Industrial Space Data Center
Commercial Campus Microgrid
Peaking Power Plant Sub-station Community Microgrids Solar Farm Commercial Campus Microgrid Wind Farm Sub-station Utility-Scale Microgrids
Utility Microgrids are Ener-connected into Smart-Macro-Grids Base Load Power Plant Base Load Power Plant Base Load Power Plant Base Load Power Plant Utility Transmission Macrogrid
The ENERNET The Complete Grid Interconnect
The New Energy Marketplace Combining ideal solutions with key virtues learned from the Internet Resilient Infrastructure
Non-Synchronous Nanogrids, Microgrids and Macrogrids Organized into an Increasingly Expansive and Inclusive Tiered Framework The ENERNET Macrogrids National Regional Tier 3 Microgrids Community Campus Tier 2 Nanogrids Building Tier 1 Level, Room, Device Area
Transforming Traditional Power Grids to an ENERNET Mesh Topology: Cluster Tree Network Integrated Mesh Network
Transactive Power Management Framework + + + + Public Utilities Cloud Based Service Providers Local Service Providers Prosumers
Transactive Power Management Framework Timing Predicted Transition to a market driven Transactive Energy Framework Source: GridWise Architecture Council
The ENERNET Flexible, clean, efficient, resilient, affordable and sustainable energy infrastructure
Why DC Microgrids? The ENERNET Key Drivers: Increasing use of natively dc power sources, i.e. success of solar Desire for non-synchronous multiple source coupling/bussing Increasing use of DC storage, i.e. rapidly advancing battery technology Ease of solid-state digital (dc) articulation of power Increasing use of high and low voltage electronic loads Desire to simplify and improve reliability of system electronics
The Myths: Barriers to Overcome Full Utilization of DC Microgrids Not as safe as AC Not good for long distance transmission Thicker wires needed? It s not that much more efficient? The Reality: Standards & codes gaps Under-developed supply base Insufficient Industry knowledge base MEP, contractor & trade training required Volume market pricing lacking
Microgrids Require Power Conversions Electric Function AC Microgrid Hybrid DC Microgrid Power Sources (Solar / Wind / Fuel Cell / CHP/ grid) Power Storage (Battery / Thermal Electric) Distribution/Wiring (Conduit / Wiring / Circuit Protection) Loads/Devices/Outlets (Lighting / Motors / Pumps / IT Security / Appliances / Desktop) Controls/Monitoring (Wired / Wireless) AC + DC to AC DC + AC to DC IN: DC + AC OUT: DC DC + DC to AC IN: DC OUT: DC AC + DC to AC DC AC + AC to DC DC + DC to AC AC to DC DC Total Frequency Conversion Points 6 2 Notes: Frequency conversions are generally much less efficient than simple voltage conversions Conversion efficiency is almost always better at higher voltages and currents Wire Size favors DC at equivalent voltages
Optimizing Power Conversions Via the Use of DC Microgrids Can Result in Double-Digit Efficiency Increases Immediate Short Term Long Term Source: Arthur D. Little Report to IEC SG4, September 2011
100+ Test, Beta, & Production Sites Commercial, Residential, Data Center Applications NextHome Campion Homes Detroit. MI
PNC Banking on Net Zero Uses 50% of traditional branch annually produces a surplus of electric energy
Bedrock (Quicken Loans Detroit, MI) 3 Floors of Class A Office Space 14th Floor: T8 Fluorescent No Controls 15 th Floor: LED Retro Tube No controls 16 th Floor: LED Retro Tube W IPv6 controls Dramatic Energy Savings 75%! Recognized by Americas Green Challenge (White House Initiative) System Case Studies
System Case Studies State of Michigan Flint Office Bldg. Deep Renovation of 7 Story Office Bldg. 110,000sf of 24v DC LED Lighting 70,000sf of DC Energized Ceiling IPv6 Wireless Lighting Control Complete Early 2016
System Case Studies NextEnergy Center Detroit 380v DC Microgrid 380v DC Bus 380v DC Data Center 30kW Rectifier 23,300sf of 24v DC Lighting IPv6 Wireless Controls 16kW of PV Solar High Bay Lighting
System Case Studies Pitt-Ohio Express Harmar Facility Renewable DC Energy (Solar/Wind) and Storage System Innovative DC-based design and operation / future expansion plans
System Case Studies Duquesne Light Microgrid at Wood s Run - Distributed Energy Development/Integration - Multiple resources/loads, AC and DC aspects, demonstration Woods Run Campus New Manchester Facility Preble Avenue Service Center
System Case Studies The Sendai DC Microgrid Powered area hospital following the disastrous tsunami Innovative DC-based design and operation / still fully operational
Solar Power International and Greenbuild 2016
Questions - Discussion Thank you! www.emergealliance.org