ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 9 September 2009 GLOBAL REGISTRY Created o 8 Noember 2004, pursuat to Article 6 of the AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHING OF GLOBAL TECHNICAL REGULATIONS FOR WHEELED VEHICLES, EQUIMENT AND ARTS WHICH CAN BE FITTED AND/OR BE USED ON WHEELED VEHICLES (ECE/TRANS/32 ad Corr.) Doe at Geea o 25 Jue 998 Addedum Global techical regulatio No. 2 Corrigedum MEASUREMENT ROCEDURE FOR TWO-WHEELED MOTORCYCLES EQUIED WITH A OSITIVE OR COMRESSION IGNITION ENGINE WITH REGARD TO THE EMISSION OF GASEOUS OLLUTANTS, CO 2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMTION (Established i the Global Registry o 24 Jue 2009) UNITED NATIONS GE.09-
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age 2 STATEMENT OF TECHNICAL RATIONALE AND JUSTIFICATION age 6, the refereces to "ISO 6460 (gas samplig)" ad to "ISO 7860 (fuel cosumptio)", correct to read "ISO 6460 (gas samplig ad fuel cosumptio)" TEXT OF THE REGULATION age 9, paragraphs 6.5.5. to 6.5.5.2.3.3., correct to read (deletig also the umberig of seeral subparagraphs): "6.5.5. Gearshift prescriptios 6.5.5.. Test ehicles (motorcycles) with automatic trasmissio Vehicles equipped with trasfer cases, multiple sprockets, etc., shall be tested i the maufacturer's recommeded cofiguratio for street or highway use. All tests shall be coducted with automatic trasmissios i "Drie" (highest gear). Automatic clutch-torque coerter trasmissios may be shifted as maual trasmissios at the optio of the maufacturer. Idle modes shall be ru with automatic trasmissios i "Drie'' ad the wheels braked. Automatic trasmissios shall shift automatically through the ormal sequece of gears. The deceleratio modes shall be ru i gear usig brakes or throttle as ecessary to maitai the desired speed. 6.5.5.2. Test ehicles (motorcycles) with maual trasmissio 6.5.5.2.. Madatory Requiremets 6.5.5.2... Step Calculatio of shift speeds Upshift speeds ( 2 ad i i+ ) i km/h durig acceleratio phases shall be calculated usig the followig equatios: Equatio 6-: (.9 ) m k 75 + 2 (0.5753 e 0.) (s ) = +
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age 3 Equatio 6-2: (.9 ) m k 75 + i i (0.5753 e ) (s ) + = + i, i = 2 to g- Where: i is the gear umber ( 2), g is the total umber of forward gears, is the rated power i kw, m k is the kerb mass i kg, is the idlig speed i mi -, s is the rated egie speed i mi -, i is the ratio betwee egie speed i mi - ad ehicle speed i km/h i gear i. Dowshift speeds ( i i- ) i km/h durig cruise or deceleratio phases i gear 4 (4 th gear) to g shall be calculated usig the followig equatio: Equatio 6-3: (.9 ) m k 75 + i i (0.5753 e ) (s ) = + i-2, i = 4 to g Where: i is the gear umber ( 4), g is the total umber of forward gears, is the rated power i kw, m k is the kerb mass i kg, is the idlig speed i mi -, s is the rated egie speed i mi -, i-2 is the ratio betwee egie speed i mi - ad ehicle speed i km/h i gear i-2. The dowshift speed from gear 3 to gear 2 ( 3 2 ) shall be calculated usig the followig equatio: Equatio 6-4: (.9 ) m k 75 + 3 2 (0.5753 e 0.) (s ) = +
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age 4 Where: m k is the rated power i kw, is the kerb mass i kg, is the idlig speed i mi -, s is the rated egie speed i mi -, is the ratio betwee egie speed i mi - ad ehicle speed i km/h i gear. The dowshift speed from gear 2 to gear ( 2 ) should be calculated usig the followig equatio: Equatio 6-5: 2 [ 0.03 (s ) + ] = 2 Where: 2 is the ratio betwee egie speed i mi - ad ehicle speed i km/h i gear 2. Sice the cruise phases are defied by the phase idicator, slight speed icreases could occur ad it may be meaigful to apply a upshift. The upshift speeds ( 2, 2 3 ad i i+ ) i km/h durig cruise phases may be calculated usig the followig equatios: Equatio 6-6: 2 [ 0.03 (s ) + ] = Equatio 6-7: (.9 ) m k 75 + 2 3 (0.5753 e 0.) (s ) = + Equatio 6-8: (.9 ) m (0.5753 e k + 75 ) (s ) i i + = +, i = 3 to g i - 6.5.5.2..2. Step 2 Gear choice for each cycle sample 2 I order to aoid differet iterpretatios about acceleratio, deceleratio, cruise ad stop phases correspodig idicators are added to the ehicle speed patter as itegral parts of the cycles (see tables i Aex 5).
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age 5 The appropriate gear for each sample shall the be calculated accordig to the ehicle speed rages resultig from the shift speed equatios of paragraph 6.5.5.2... ad these phase idicators for the cycle parts appropriate for the test ehicle as follows: Gear choice for stop phases: For the last 5 secods of a stop phase the gear leer shall be set to gear ad the clutch shall be disegaged. For the preious part of a stop phase the gear leer shall be set to eutral or the clutch shall be disegaged. Gear choice for acceleratio phases: gear, if 2, gear 2, if 2 < 2 3, gear 3, if 2 3 < 3 4, gear 4, if 3 4 < 4 5, gear 5, if 4 5 < 5 6, gear 6, if > 5 6. Gear choice for deceleratio or cruise phases: gear, if < 2, gear 2, if < 3 2, gear 3, if 3 2 < 4 3, gear 4, if 4 3 < 5 4, gear 5, if 5 4 < 6 5, gear 6, if 4 5. The clutch shall be disegaged, if: (a) The ehicle speed drops below 0 km/h; or (b) The egie speed drops below + 0.03 (s ); (c) There is a risk of egie stallig durig cold start phase. 6.5.5.2..3. Step 3 Correctios accordig to additioal requiremets The gear choice has the to be modified accordig to the followig requiremets: (a) (b) (c) (d) No gearshift at a trasitio from a acceleratio phase to a deceleratio phase. The gear that was used for the last secod of the acceleratio phase shall be kept for the followig deceleratio phase uless the speed drops below a dowshift speed. No upshifts or dowshifts by more tha gear, except from gear 2 to eutral durig deceleratios dow to stop. Upshifts or dowshifts for up to 4 secods are replaced by the gear before, if the gears before ad after are idetical. (Examples: 2 3 3 3 2 will be replaced by 2 2 2 2 2, 4 3 3 3 3 4 will be replaced by 4 4 4 4 4 4). No dowshift durig a acceleratio phase.
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age 6 6.5.5.2.2. Optioal roisios The gear choice may be modified accordig to the followig proisios: (a) The use of lower gears tha determied by the requiremets described i paragraph 6.5.5.2.. is permitted i ay cycle phase. Maufacturers' recommedatios for gear use shall be followed, if they do ot result i higher gears tha determied by the requiremets described i paragraph 6.5.5.2.. Note 5 The calculatio program to be foud o the UN website at the URL below may be used as a aid for the gear selectio: http://www.uece.org/tras/mai/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29grpe/wmtc.html Explaatios about the approach ad the gearshift strategy ad a calculatio example are gie i Aex 3." aragraph 7.2.7.2.(r), amed to read: "7.2.7.2. For compariso ad aalysis reasos besides the bag results also secod by secod data of the emissios (diluted gas) hae to be moitored." Aex 3, amed to read: "Aex 3 EXLANATORY NOTE ON GEARSHIFT ROCEDURE This explaatory ote is ot a part of the stadard, but explais matters specified or described i the stadard or appedix, ad matters related thereto.. Approach.. The deelopmet of the gearshift procedure was based o a aalysis of the gearshift poits i the i-use data. I order to get geeralised relatios betwee techical specificatios of the ehicles ad gearshift speeds the egie speeds were ormalised to the utilisable bad betwee rated speed ad idlig speed..2. I a secod step the ed speeds (ehicle speed as well as ormalised egie speed) for upshifts ad dowshifts were determied ad collected i a separate table. The aerages of these speeds for each gear ad ehicle were calculated ad correlated with techical specificatios of the ehicles..3. The results of these aalyses ad calculatios ca be summarised as follows: (a) The gearshift behaiour is egie speed related rather tha ehicle speed related.
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age 7 (b) The best correlatio betwee gearshift speeds ad techical data was foud for ormalised egie speeds ad the power to mass ratio (rated power/(ulade mass + 75 kg)). (c) The residual ariatios caot be explaied by other techical data or by differet trasmissio ratios. They are most probably assiged to differeces i traffic coditios ad idiidual drier behaiour. (d) The best approximatio betwee gearshift speeds ad power to mass ratio was foud for expoetial fuctios. (e) (f) The gearshift fuctio for the first gear is sigificatly lower tha for all other gears. The gearshift speeds for all other gears ca be approximated by oe commo fuctio. (g) No differeces were foud betwee fie-speed ad six-speed gearboxes. (h) The gearshift behaiour i Japa is sigificatly differet from the equal-type gearshift behaiour i the Europea Uio (EU) ad i the Uited States of America (USA)..4. I order to fid a balaced compromise betwee the three regios a ew approximatio fuctio for ormalised upshift speeds ersus power to mass ratio was calculated as weighted aerage of the EU/USA cure (with 2/3 weightig) ad the Japaese cure (with /3 weightig), resultig i the followig equatios for ormalised egie upshift speeds: Equatio A3-, ormalised upshift speed i st gear (gear ). (.9 ) m k + 75 _max_acc () = (0.5753 e 0.) (s ) + Equatio A3-2, ormalised upshift speed i gears > (.9 ) m k + 75 _max_acc (i) = (0.5753 e ) (s ) +.5. I use driig behaiour data from Idia was added to the WMTC database at a later stage. This resulted i modificatios of the part cycles ad the part 2, reduced speed cycle. Withi this modificatio work also the gearshift behaiour was checked. Fortuately, it could be proe that the WMTC gearshift prescriptios are also suitable for the Idia gearshift behaiour. 2. Example Figure A3- shows a example of gearshift use for a small ehicle. (a) (b) (c) The lies i bold show the gear use for acceleratio phases. The dotted lies show the dowshift poits for deceleratio phases. The cruisig phases the whole speed rage betwee dowshift speed ad upshift speed may be used.
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age 8 I case of gradually icrease of ehicle speed durig cruise phases, upshift speeds ( 2, 2 3 ad i i+ ) i km/h may be calculated usig the followig equatios: Equatio A3-3: 2 [ 0.03 (s ) + ] = Equatio A3-4: (.9 ) m k 75 + 2 3 (0.5753 e 0.) (s ) = + Equatio A3-5: (.9 ) m (0.5753 e k + 75 ) (s ) i i + = +, i = 3 to g i - 2 6000 acc, gear acc, gear 2 egie speed i mi - 5000 4000 3000 2000 acc, gear 3 acc, gear 4 acc, gear 5 acc, gear 6 rated speed idlig speed gear use durig acceleratio phases 000 0 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 0 20 30 ehicle speed i km/h
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age 9 6000 5000 gear use durig deceleratio ad cruise phases egie speed i mi - 4000 3000 2000 dec, gear dec, gear 2 dec, gear 3 dec, gear 4 dec, gear 5 dec, gear 6 rated speed idlig speed 000 0 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 0 20 30 ehicle speed i km/h Figure A3-: Example of a gearshift sketch I order to allow to the test serice more flexibility ad to assure drieability the gearshift regressio fuctios should be cosidered as lower limits. Higher egie speeds are permitted i ay cycle phase. 3. hase idicators I order to aoid differet iterpretatios i the applicatio of the gearshift equatios ad thus to improe the comparability of the test, fixed phase idicators are assiged to the speed patter of the cycles. The specificatio of the phase idicators is based o JARI's defiitio of the 4 driig modes as show i the followig table: Table A3-: Defiitio of driig modes 4 modes Defiitio Idle mode Acceleratio mode Deceleratio mode Cruise mode ehicle speed < 5 km/h ad -0.5 km/h/s (-0.39 m/s2) < acceleratio < 0.5 km/h/s (0.39 m/s2) acceleratio 0.5 km/h/s (0.39 m/s2) acceleratio - 0.5 km/h/s (- 0.39 m/s2) ehicle speed 5 km/h ad -0.5 km/h/s (-0.39 m/s2) < acceleratio < 0.5 km/h/s (0.39 m/s2) The idicators were the modified i order to aoid frequet chages durig relatiely homogeeous cycle parts ad thus improe the drieability. Figure A3-2 shows a example from cycle part.
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age 0 40 phase idicators acceleratio cruise deceleratio 35 30 ehicle speed i km/h 25 20 5 0 5 4 mode defiitio, see table A3- acceleratio cruise deceleratio 0 260 270 280 290 300 30 320 330 4. Calculatio example time i s Figure A3-2: Example for modified phase idicators 4.. A example of iput data ecessary for the calculatio of shift speeds is show i table A3-. The upshift speeds for acceleratio phases for the first gear ad higher gears are calculated usig equatios 6- ad 6-2. The deormalisatio of egie speeds ca be performed by usig the equatio = _orm x (s ) +. 4.2. The dowshift speeds for deceleratio phases ca be calculated with equatios 6-3 ad 6-4. The alues i table A3-2 ca be used as gear ratios. These alues ca also be used to calculate the affiliated ehicle speeds (ehicle shift speed i gear i = egie shift speed i gear i / i ). The correspodig results are show i tables A3-3 ad A3-4. 4.3. I a further step the possibility of a simplificatio of the aboe-described gearshift algorithms was examied by additioal aalyses ad calculatios. It should especially be checked whether egie shift speeds could be replaced by ehicle shift speeds. The aalysis showed that ehicle speeds could ot be brought i lie with the gearshift behaiour of the i-use data.
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age Table A3-2: Iput data for the calculatio of egie ad ehicle shift speeds Item Iput Data Egie capacity i cm 3 600 i kw 72 m k i kg 99 s i mi -,800 i mi -,50 */ 33.66 2 94.9 3 76.6 4 65.69 5 58.85 6 54.04 pmr **/ i kw/t 262.8 */ meas the ratio betwee egie speed i mi- ad ehicle speed i km/h **/ pmr meas the power to mass ratio calculated by / (m k +75),000; i kw, m k i kg Table A3-3: Shift speeds for acceleratio phases for the first gear ad for higher gears (accordig to table A3-2) Egie Speed _acc_max () Upshift speeds _acc_max (i) _orm */ i per cet 24.9 34.9 i mi - 3,804 4,869 */ _orm meas the calculated alue by equatio A3- ad equatio A3-2.
ECE/TRANS/80/Add.2/Corr.2 age 2 Table A3-4: Egie ad ehicle shift speeds accordig to table A3-2 Gearshift i km/h Shift speeds _orm (i) i per cet i mi- 2 28.5 24.9 3,804 2 3 5.3 34.9 4,869 Upshift 3 4 63.9 34.9 4,869 4 5 74. 34.9 4,869 5 6 82.7 34.9 4,869 2 cl */ 5.5 3.0,470 3 2 28.5 9.6 2,67 Dowshift 4 3 5.3 20.8 3,370 5 4 63.9 24.5 3,762 6 5 74. 26.8 4,005 */ "cl" meas "Clutch-Off" timig. " -----