Plug-in Electric Vehicles Bill Boyce September, 2013 Powering forward. Together.
The Alphabet Soup of EV s PEV: Plug-in electric vehicle includes EV s, BEV s, PHEV s and EREV s EV s Electric Vehicles BEV s are Battery Electric Vehicles PHEV s are Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (generically includes EREV s) EREV are Extended Range Electric Vehicles EVSE: Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (informally called a charger) Level 1 EVSE is a standard 120V electrical outlet (typically 1.5kW) Level 2 EVSE is a 208 or 240V dedicated charging device (3.3 to 19.2kW) DC Fast Charging is an off-board dedicated charger 20 to 100kW charging Level Approaches a gas station model with target 20 to 30 minute charge times FCEV or FCV: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle or Fuel Cell Vehicle 700 or 350 bar: Refueling pressure (10,000 or 5,000 lbs/in2)
PEV Model Introductions Continue 2009: Tesla Roadster 2010: Nissan Leaf Chevrolet Volt 2012 Honda Fit EV Now: Nissan Leaf Chevrolet Volt Mitsubishi i Toyota Prius Plug-in Toyota Rav-4EV Ford Focus EV Ford C-Max Energi Ford Fusion Energi BMW Active E, i3 Honda Fit EV Honda Accord PHEV Tesla Model S Chevrolet Spark Fiat 500e 2012 Tesla Model S Graphic courtesy of the California PEV Collaborative
Current PEV Sales are Double the Original Hybrids 60000 # of U.S. Vehicles Sold 50000 2011-2012 PEV Total 40000 2011-2012 PHEV/EREV 30000 20000 2000-2001 Hybrids 10000 2011-2012 BEV 0 0 1 2 End of Year
PEV Vehicle Market Observations California is the leading market for PEV s August of 2013 was the highest sales month to date for the Nissan Leaf and Chevrolet Volt Tesla Model S Sales have surprised the traditional auto industry On track to sell 20,000 units this year #1 selling luxury category vehicle in California this year General consumers still not aware of the differences between PHEV s and BEV s Northern California buying more BEV s Southern California buying more PHEV s
Where do people charge? At Home Public Workplace Home Average vehicle is using approximately 8 kwh a day (30 miles) Average BEV is charging once per day Average PHEV is charging 1.1 times per day Multi-Unit-Dwelling is still a challenge
DC Fast Charging Buzz for public charging Addresses range anxiety and emulates a gas station with a 30 minute charging time (versus 4 hours) $100M NRG Energy settlement has everyone excited 200 DC Fast Chargers planned Nissan is providing support for charging hardware SMUD Planning up to 8 DC Fast Chargers Unfortunately two standards will be needed Japanese CHA-de-MO Connector U.S. / European SAE Combo Connector
Ongoing SMUD PEV Initiatives EV Innovators Residential Rate Pilot Program 6 a kwh for charging after midnight ( 60 /gallon gasoline!) Smart charging options to avoid peak penalties PEV Demonstration efforts with General Motors and Chrysler Sacramento DC Fast Charger Pilot Deployment Program Upwards of 4 fast chargers to be installed in 2013 New Vehicle Data collection effort with APPA and EPRI Home versus Workplace versus Public charging profile for Sacramento Truck Stop Electrification Enlarging electrified parking stalls at the 49er Travel Plaza Recruiting customers for electrified truck refrigeration demonstration Distribution Grid Impact Analysis Charging level has more impacts than time of day Level 1 and Smart Charging show the least impacts Commercial Customer Support Workplace Charging consulting
FCEV Announcements on Commercialization Jan 2013: US DOE launches public/private partnership to support H2 infrastructure. Sep 2012: Toyota announces sedan-type FCEV launch in 2015 Sep 2012: Honda s President reiterates company s plan to release an all-new FCEV starting in 2015 Jan 2013: Toyota/BMW announce partnership including FC technology Jan 2013: Daimler/Nissan/Ford joint development of affordable FCEV to be launched as early as 2017 Feb 2013: Hyundai Tucson ix35 FCEV production launch Jul 2013: GM and Honda to collaborate on next generation FC technology; Honda affirms 2015 launch
Major fueling infrastructure push planned for 2013/2014 13 Hydrogen stations are currently in operation 9 Stations are open to the public 18 more stations have been funded AB8 Passed extending funding for infrastructure 67 Stations planned for minimum network Overall plan calls for 100 stations Information from the CARB Website and CaFCP California 2012 Roadmap
Summary PEV sales twice the original hybrid vehicle introduction and Tesla sales are drawing attention Primary charging occurs at home, but multifamily dwellings are still very difficult DC Fast Charging seams to address PEV range anxiety FCEV market launch poised for 2015 Lots of hydrogen refueling infrastructure up for construction