QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Data Sheet January 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are absolute stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operations sections of the data sheet. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect device reliability. Parameter Symbol Min Max Unit Input Voltage: Continuous Transient (1 ms) Operating Case Temperature (See Thermal Considerations section; see Figure 26.) VI VI, trans 7 1 Vdc V TC 4 1 C Storage Temperature Tstg 12 C I/O Isolation Voltage (for 1 minute) 1 Vdc Electrical Specifications Unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. Table 1. Input Specifications Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Operating Input Voltage VI 36 48 7 Vdc Maximum Input Current (VI = V to 7 V; IO = IO, max; see Figures 13): QHWF1 QHW7F1 QHW1F1 II, max II, max II, max Inrush Transient i 2 t 1. A 2 s Input Reflected-ripple Current, Peak-to-peak II 1 map-p ( Hz to 2 MHz, 12 µh source impedance; see Figure 17.) Input Ripple Rejection (12 Hz) 6 db 2. 3. 4. A A A Fusing Considerations CAUTION: This power module is not internally fused. An input line fuse must always be used. This encapsulated power module can be used in a wide variety of applications, ranging from simple stand-alone operation to an integrated part of a sophisticated power architecture. To preserve maximum flexibility, internal fusing is not included; however, to achieve maximum safety and system protection, always use an input line fuse. The safety agencies require a normal-blow fuse with a maximum rating of 2 A (see Safety Considerations section). Based on the information provided in this data sheet on inrush energy and maximum dc input current, the same type of fuse with a lower rating can be used. Refer to the fuse manufacturer s data for further information. 2 Tyco Electronics
Data Sheet January 2 QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Electrical Specifications (continued) Table 2. Output Specifications Parameter Device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Output Voltage Set Point All VO, set 3.24 3.3 3.36 Vdc (VI = 48 V; IO = IO, max; TC = 2 C) Output Voltage All VO 3.2 3.4 Vdc (Over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions until end of life. See Figure 19.) Output Regulation: Line (VI = 36 V to 7 V) Load (IO = IO, min to IO, max) Temperature (TC = 4 C to +1 C) Output Ripple and Noise Voltage (See Figure 18.): RMS Peak-to-peak ( Hz to 2 MHz) * Consult your sales representative or the factory. These are manufacturing test limits. In some situations, results may differ. Table 3. Isolation Specifications Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Isolation Capacitance 2 pf Isolation Resistance 1 MΩ All All All All All External Load Capacitance All * µf Output Current (At IO < IO, min, the modules may exceed output ripple specifications.) Output Current-limit Inception (VO = 9% of VO, nom) Efficiency (VI = 48 V; IO = IO, max; TC = 7 C) QHWF1 QHW7F1 QHW1F1 QHWF1 QHW7F1 QHW1F1 QHWF1 QHW7F1 QHW1F1 IO IO IO IO, cli IO, cli IO, cli η η η....1. 1 1 2 2 8 8 84.1.2 4 1 1 1 2 2 26 32 %VO %VO mv mvrms mvp-p Switching Frequency All 38 khz Dynamic Response ( IO/ t = 1 A/1 µs, VI = 48 V, TC = 2 C; tested with a 22 µf aluminum and a 1. µf ceramic capacitor across the load): Load Change from IO = % to 7% of IO, max: Peak Deviation Settling Time (VO < 1% of peak deviation) Load Change from IO = % to 2% of IO, max: Peak Deviation Settling Time (VO < 1% of peak deviation) All All All All 4 4 A A A A A A % % % %VO, set µs %VO, set µs Tyco Electronics 3
QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Data Sheet January 2 General Specifications Calculated MTBF (IO = 8% of IO, max; TC = 4 C): QHWF1 QHW7F1 QHW1F1 Parameter Min Typ Max Unit 3,, 2,, 2,, hours hours hours Weight 7 (2.7) g (oz.) Feature Specifications Unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. See Feature Descriptions for additional information. Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Remote On/Off Signal Interface (VI = V to 7 V; open collector or equivalent compatible; signal referenced to VI( ) terminal; see Figure 2 and Feature Descriptions.): Logic LowModule On Logic HighModule Off Logic Low: At Ion/off = 1. ma At Von/off =. V Logic High: At Ion/off =. µa Leakage Current Turn-on Time (See Figure 16.) (IO = 8% of IO, max; VO within ±1% of steady state) Output Voltage Adjustment (See Feature Descriptions.): Output Voltage Remote-sense Range Output Voltage Set-point Adjustment Range (trim) * These are manufacturing test limits. In some situations, results may differ. Von/off Ion/off Von/off Ion/off 9 2 1.2 1. 1 3. 11 V ma V µa ms V %VO, nom Output Overvoltage Protection VO, sd 3.8* 4.* V Overtemperature Protection TC 1 C Solder, Cleaning, and Drying Considerations Post solder cleaning is usually the final circuit-board assembly process prior to electrical testing. The result of inadequate circuit-board cleaning and drying can affect both the reliability of a power module and the testability of the finished circuit-board assembly. For guidance on appropriate soldering, cleaning, and drying procedures, refer to Tyco Electronics Board-Mounted Power Modules Soldering and Cleaning Application Note (AP97-21EPS). 4 Tyco Electronics
Data Sheet January 2 QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Characteristic Curves The following figures provide typical characteristics for the power modules. The figures are identical for both on/off configurations. 1.2 3. INPUT CURRENT, II (A) 1..8.6.4.2 IO = 1 A IO = 6 A IO = 1 A INPUT CURRENT, II (A) 2. IO = 2 A IO = 11 A IO = 2 A 2. 1. 1... 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 6 7 7. 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 6 7 7 INPUT VOLTAGE, VI (V) INPUT VOLTAGE, VI (V) 8-286 (F) 8-288 (F) Figure 1. Typical QHWF1 Input Characteristics at Room Temperature Figure 3. Typical QHW1F1 Input Characteristics at Room Temperature INPUT CURRENT, II (A) 1.8 1.6 IO = 1 A 1.4 IO = 8 A IO = 1. A 1.2 1..8.6.4 EFFICIENCY, η (%) 88 87 86 8 84 83 82 81 8 VI = 7 V VI = 36 V VI = 48 V.2. 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 6 7 7 79 78 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 INPUT VOLTAGE, VI (V) 8-287 (F) 8-289 (F) Figure 2. Typical QHW7F1 Input Characteristics at Room Temperature Figure 4. Typical QHWF1 Converter Efficiency vs. Output Current at Room Temperature Tyco Electronics
QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Data Sheet January 2 Characteristic Curves (continued) VI = 7 V 89 88 EFFICIENCY, η (%) 87 86 8 84 83 82 81 8 VI = 36 V VI = 48 V VI = 7 V OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) ( mv/div) VI = 4 V VI = 36 V 79 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 1 8-286 (F) Figure. Typical QHW7F1 Converter Efficiency vs. Output Current at Room Temperature TIME, t (1 µs/div) Note: See Figure 18 for test conditions. 8-2871 (F) 89 Figure 7. Typical QHWF1 Output Ripple Voltage at Room Temperature; IO = IO, max 88 87 EFFICIENCY, η (%) 86 8 84 83 82 81 8 79 2 VI = 36 V VI = 4 V VI = 7 V 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 1 16 17 18 19 2 8-2861 (F) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) ( mv/div) VI = 7 V VI = 4 V Figure 6. Typical QHW1F1 Converter Efficiency vs. Output Current at Room Temperature VI = 36 V TIME, t (1 µs/div) Note: See Figure 18 for test conditions. 8-282 (C) Figure 8. Typical QHW7F1 Output Ripple Voltage at Room Temperature; IO = IO, max 6 Tyco Electronics
Data Sheet January 2 QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Characteristic Curves (continued) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) ( mv/div) VI = 7 V VI = 4 V VI = 36 V OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (A) (1 mv/div) ( A/div) TIME, t (1 µs/div) Note: See Figure 18 for test conditions. 8-2279 (C) Figure 9. Typical QHW1F1 Output Ripple Voltage at Room Temperature; IO = IO, max OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (A) (1 mv/div) ( A/div) TIME, t (2 µs/div) TIME, t (2 µs/div) 8-2863 (F) Note: Tested with a 22 µf aluminum and a 1. µf ceramic capacitor across the load. Figure 11. Typical QHW7F1 Transient Response to Step Increase in Load from % to 7% of Full Load at Room Temperature and 4 Vdc Input. (Waveform Averaged to Eliminate Ripple Component.) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (A) (1 mv/div) ( A/div) 8-2862 (F) Note: Tested with a 22 µf aluminum and a 1. µf ceramic capacitor across the load. Figure 1. Typical QHWF1 Transient Response to Step Increase in Load from % to 7% of Full Load at Room Temperature and 4 Vdc Input. (Waveform Averaged to Eliminate Ripple Component.) TIME, t (2 µs/div) 8-2864 (F) Note: Tested with a 22 µf aluminum and a 1. µf ceramic capacitor across the load. Figure 12. Typical QHW1F1 Transient Response to Step Increase in Load from % to 7% of Full Load at Room Temperature and 4 Vdc Input. (Waveform Averaged to Eliminate Ripple Component.) Tyco Electronics 7
QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Data Sheet January 2 Characteristic Curves (continued) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (A) (1 mv/div) ( A/div) TIME, t (2 µs/div) 8-286 (F) Note: Tested with a 22 µf aluminum and a 1. µf ceramic capacitor across the load. Figure 13. Typical QHWF1 Transient Response to Step Decrease in Load from % to 2% of Full Load at Room Temperature and 4 Vdc Input. (Waveform Averaged to Eliminate Ripple Component.) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (A) (1 mv/div) TIME, t (2 µs/div) 8-2867 (F) Note: Tested with a 22 µf aluminum and a 1. µf ceramic capacitor across the load. Figure 1. Typical QHW1F1 Transient Response to Step Decrease in Load from % to 2% of Full Load at Room Temperature and 4 Vdc Input. (Waveform Averaged to Eliminate Ripple Component.) ( A/div) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (A) (1 mv/div) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) (1 V/div) ( A/div) REMOTE ON/OFF, VON/OFF (V) TIME, t (2 µs/div) 8-2866 (F) Note: Tested with a 22 µf aluminum and a 1. µf ceramic capacitor across the load. TIME, t ( ms/div) Figure 14. Typical QHW7F1 Transient Response to Step Decrease in Load from % to Figure 16. Typical Start-Up from Remote On/Off; 2% of Full Load at Room Temperature IO = IO, max and 4 Vdc Input. (Waveform Averaged to Eliminate Ripple Component.) 8 Tyco Electronics 8-2868 (F) Note: Tested with a 22 µf aluminum and a 1. µf ceramic capacitor across the load.
Data Sheet January 2 Test Configurations QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Design Considerations BATTERY 8-23 (C).l Note: Measure input reflected-ripple current with a simulated source inductance (LTEST) of 12 µh. Capacitor CS offsets possible battery impedance. Measure current as shown above. Figure 17. Input Reflected-Ripple Test Setup VO(+) VO( ) 8-13 (C).d Note: Use a 1. µf ceramic capacitor and a 1 µf aluminum or tantalum capacitor. Scope measurement should be made using a BNC socket. Position the load between 1 mm and 76 mm (2 in. and 3 in.) from the module. Figure 18. Peak-to-Peak Output Noise Measurement Test Setup SUPPLY TO OSCILLOSCOPE I I CONTACT RESISTANCE LTEST 12 µh CS 22 µf ESR <.1 Ω @ 2 C, 1 khz COPPER STRIP 1. µf VI(+) VI( ) 1 µf SENSE(+) VO(+) VO( ) SENSE( ) CURRENT PROBE 33 µf ESR <.7 Ω @ 1 khz SCOPE VI(+) VI( ) RESISTIVE LOAD CONTACT AND DISTRIBUTION LOSSES 8-749(C) Note: All measurements are taken at the module terminals. When socketing, place Kelvin connections at module terminals to avoid measurement errors due to socket contact resistance. [ VO(+) VO( ) ]IO η = ----------------------------------------------- x 1 % [ VI(+) VI( ) ]II I O LOAD Input Source Impedance The power module should be connected to a low ac-impedance input source. Highly inductive source impedances can affect the stability of the power module. For the test configuration in Figure 17, a 33 µf electrolytic capacitor (ESR <.7 Ω at 1 khz) mounted close to the power module helps ensure stability of the unit. For other highly inductive source impedances, consult the factory for further application guidelines. Safety Considerations For safety-agency approval of the system in which the power module is used, the power module must be installed in compliance with the spacing and separation requirements of the end-use safety agency standard, i.e., UL19, CSA C22.2 No. 9-9, and VDE 8 (EN69, IEC9). If the input source is non-selv (ELV or a hazardous voltage greater than 6 Vdc and less than or equal to 7 Vdc), for the module s output to be considered meeting the requirements of safety extra-low voltage (SELV), all of the following must be true: The input source are to be provided with reinforced insulation from any hazardous voltages, including the ac mains. One VI pin and one VO pin are to be grounded or both the input and output pins are to be kept floating. The input pins of the module are not operator accessible. Another SELV reliability test is conducted on the whole system, as required by the safety agencies, on the combination of supply source and the subject module to verify that under a single fault, hazardous voltages do not appear at the module s output. Note: Do not ground either of the input pins of the module without grounding one of the output pins. This may allows a non-selv voltage to appear between the output pin and ground. The power module has extra-low voltage (ELV) outputs when all inputs are ELV. The input to these units is to be provided with a maximum 2 A normal-blow fuse in the ungrounded lead. Figure 19. Output Voltage and Efficiency Measurement Test Setup Tyco Electronics 9
QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Data Sheet January 2 Feature Descriptions Overcurrent Protection To provide protection in a fault (output overload) condition, the unit is equipped with internal current-limiting circuitry and can endure current limiting for up to one second. If overcurrent exists for more than one second, the unit will shut down. At the point of current-limit inception, the unit shifts from voltage control to current control. If the output voltage is pulled very low during a severe fault, the currentlimit circuit can exhibit either foldback or tailout characteristics (output current decrease or increase). The module is available in two overcurrent configurations. In one configuration, when the unit shuts down it will latch off. The overcurrent latch is reset by either cycling the input power or by toggling the ON/OFF pin for one second. In the other configuration, the unit will try to restart after shutdown. If the output overload condition still exists when the unit restarts, it will shut down again. This operation will continue indefinitely until the overcurrent condition is corrected. Remote On/Off Negative logic remote on/off turns the module off during a logic high and on during a logic low. To turn the power module on and off, the user must supply a switch to control the voltage between the on/off terminal and the VI( ) terminal (Von/off). The switch can be an open collector or equivalent (see Figure 2). A logic low is Von/off = V to 1.2 V. The maximum Ion/off during a logic low is 1 ma. The switch should maintain a logic-low voltage while sinking 1 ma. During a logic high, the maximum Von/off generated by the power module is 1 V. The maximum allowable leakage current of the switch at Von/off = 1 V is µa. If not using the remote on/off feature, short the ON/OFF pin to VI( ). Ion/off Von/off + Figure 2. Remote On/Off Implementation Remote Sense ON/OFF VI(+) VI( ) SENSE(+) VO(+) VO( ) SENSE( ) LOAD 8-72 (C).c Remote sense minimizes the effects of distribution losses by regulating the voltage at the remote-sense connections. The voltage between the remote-sense pins and the output terminals must not exceed the output voltage sense range given in the Feature Specifications table, i.e.: [VO(+) VO( )] [SENSE(+) SENSE( )]. V The voltage between the VO(+) and VO( ) terminals must not exceed the minimum output overvoltage protection value shown in the Feature Specifications table. This limit includes any increase in voltage due to remote-sense compensation and output voltage setpoint adjustment (trim). See Figure 21. If not using the remote-sense feature to regulate the output at the point of load, then connect SENSE(+) to VO(+) and SENSE( ) to VO( ) at the module. Although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. The maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. Consult the factory if you need to increase the output voltage more than the above limitation. The amount of power delivered by the module is defined as the voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output current. When using remote sense and trim, the output voltage of the module can be increased, which at the same output current would increase the power output of the module. Care should be taken to ensure that the maximum output power of the module remains at or below the maximum rated power. 1 Tyco Electronics
Data Sheet January 2 QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Feature Descriptions (continued) Remote Sense (continued) SUPPLY II CONTACT RESISTANCE VI(+) VI( ) SENSE(+) SENSE( ) VO(+) VO( ) CONTACT AND DISTRIBUTION LOSSES 8-61 (C).m Figure 21. Effective Circuit Configuration for Single-Module Remote-Sense Operation Output Voltage Set-Point Adjustment (Trim) Output voltage trim allows the user to increase or decrease the output voltage set point of a module. This is accomplished by connecting an external resistor between the TRIM pin and either the SENSE(+) or SENSE( ) pins. The trim resistor should be positioned close to the module. If not using the trim feature, leave the TRIM pin open. With an external resistor between the TRIM and SENSE( ) pins (Radj-down), the output voltage set point (VO, adj) decreases (see Figure 22). The following equation determines the required external-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of %. 1 Radj-down = --------- 1.2 k Ω % The test results for this configuration are displayed in Figure 23. This figure applies to all output voltages. With an external resistor connected between the TRIM and SENSE(+) pins (Radj-up), the output voltage set point (VO, adj) increases (see Figure 24). The following equation determines the required external-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of %..1VO( 1 + % ) 1 Radj-up = ---------------------------------------------- --------- 1.2 kω 1.22 % % The test results for this configuration are displayed in Figure 2. The voltage between the VO(+) and VO( ) terminals must not exceed the minimum output overvoltage protection value shown in the Feature Specifications table. This limit includes any increase in voltage due to IO LOAD remote-sense compensation and output voltage setpoint adjustment (trim). See Figure 21. Although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. The maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. Consult the factory if you need to increase the output voltage more than the above limitation. The amount of power delivered by the module is defined as the voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output current. When using remote sense and trim, the output voltage of the module can be increased, which at the same output current would increase the power output of the module. Care should be taken to ensure that the maximum output power of the module remains at or below the maximum rated power. VI(+) ON/OFF CASE VI( ) VO(+) SENSE(+) TRIM SENSE( ) VO( ) Radj-down RLOAD Figure 22. Circuit Configuration to Decrease Output Voltage 8-748 (C).b Tyco Electronics 11
QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Data Sheet January 2 Feature Descriptions (continued) Output Voltage Set-Point Adjustment (Trim) (continued) ADJUSTMENT RESISTOR VALUE (Ω) 1M 1k 1k 1k 1 2 3 4 % CHANGE IN OUTPUT VOLTAGE ( %) 8-283 (C) Figure 23. Resistor Selection for Decreased Output Voltage ADJUSTMENT RESISTOR VALUE (Ω) 1M 1M 1k 1k 2 4 6 8 1 % CHANGE IN OUTPUT VOLTAGE ( %) 8-2622 (C) Figure 2. Resistor Selection for Increased Output Voltage Output Overvoltage Protection The output overvoltage protection consists of circuitry that monitors the voltage on the output terminals. If the voltage on the output terminals exceeds the overvoltage protection threshold, then the module will shut down and latch off. The overvoltage latch is reset by either cycling the input power for 1. second or by toggling the on/off signal for 1. second. VI(+) ON/OFF CASE VI( ) VO(+) SENSE(+) TRIM SENSE( ) VO( ) Radj-up RLOAD Figure 24. Circuit Configuration to Increase Output Voltage 8-71 (C).b Overtemperature Protection These modules feature an overtemperature protection circuit to safeguard against thermal damage. The circuit shuts down and latches off the module when the maximum case temperature is exceeded. The module can be restarted by cycling the dc input power for at least 1. second or by toggling the primary or secondary referenced remote on/off signal for at least 1. second. 12 Tyco Electronics
Data Sheet January 2 QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Thermal Considerations Introduction The power modules operate in a variety of thermal environments; however, sufficient cooling should be provided to help ensure reliable operation of the unit. Heat-dissipating components inside the unit are thermally coupled to the case. Heat is removed by conduction, convection, and radiation to the surrounding environment. Proper cooling can be verified by measuring the case temperature. Peak temperature (TC) occurs at the position indicated in Figure 26. 14 (.) VI(+) ON/OFF VI( ) 33 (1.3) VO(+) (+)SENSE TRIM ( )SENSE VO( ) Note: Top view, pin locations are for reference only. Measurements shown in millimeters and (inches). Figure 26. Case Temperature Measurement Location 8-214 (C) The temperature at this location should not exceed 1 C. The output power of the module should not exceed the rated power for the module as listed in the Ordering Information table. Although the maximum case temperature of the power modules is 1 C, you can limit this temperature to a lower value for extremely high reliability. Example What is the minimum airflow necessary for a QHW1F1 operating at VI = 4 V, an output current of 1 A, transverse orientation, and a maximum ambient temperature of 4 C? Solution Given: VI = 4 V IO = 1 A TA = 4 C Determine PD (Use Figure 31): PD = 8. W Determine airflow (v) (Use Figure 27): v =. m/s (1 ft./min.) POWER DISSIPATION, PD POWER DISSIPATION, (W) PD (W) 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 3. m/s (6 ft./min.) 2. m/s (4 ft./min.) 1. m/s (2 ft./min.).1 m/s (2 ft./min.) NATURAL CONVECTION 7 8 9 LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA ( C) 8-2321 (C) Figure 27. Forced Convection Power Derating with No Heat Sink; Transverse Orientation 1 Heat Transfer Without Heat Sinks Increasing airflow over the module enhances the heat transfer via convection. Figure 27 shows the maximum power that can be dissipated by the module without exceeding the maximum case temperature versus local ambient temperature (TA) for natural convection through 3 m/s (6 ft./min.). Note that the natural convection condition was measured at. m/s to.1 m/s (1 ft./min. to 2 ft./min.); however, systems in which these power modules may be used typically generate natural convection airflow rates of.3 m/s (6 ft./min.) due to other heat dissipating components in the system. The use of Figure 27 is shown in the following example. Tyco Electronics 13
QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Data Sheet January 2 Thermal Considerations (continued) Heat Transfer Without Heat Sinks (continued) POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 2 1 1 3. m/s (6 ft./min.) 2. m/s (4 ft./min.) 1. m/s (2 ft./min.).1 m/s (2 ft./min.) NATURAL CONVECTION POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 1 9 8 7 6 4 VI = 7 V VI = 48 V VI = 36 V 3 2 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 1 8-2984 (F) 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA ( C) 8-2318 (C).a Figure 3. QHW7F1 Power Dissipation vs. Output Current at 2 C Figure 28. Forced Convection Power Derating with No Heat Sink; Longitudinal Orientation 14 POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 8 7 6 4 3 VI = 7 V VI = 48 V VI = 36 V 2 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 POWER DISSIPATION, PD (w) 12 1 8 6 4 VI = 7 V VI = 4 V VI = 36 V 2 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 1 16 17 18 19 2 Figure 31. QHW1F1 Power Dissipation vs. Output Current at 2 C 8-298 (F) Figure 29. QHWF1 Power Dissipation vs. Output Current at 2 C 8-2983 (F) Heat Transfer with Heat Sinks The power modules have through-threaded, M3 x. mounting holes, which enable heat sinks or cold plates to attach to the module. The mounting torque must not exceed.6 N-m ( in.-lb.). For a screw attachment from the pin side, the recommended hole size on the customer s PWB around the mounting holes is.13 ±. inches. If a larger hole is used, the mounting torque from the pin side must not exceed.2 N-m (2.2 in.-lbs.). 14 Tyco Electronics
Data Sheet January 2 QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Thermal Considerations (continued) Heat Transfer with Heat Sinks (continued) Thermal derating with heat sinks is expressed by using the overall thermal resistance of the module. Total module thermal resistance (θca) is defined as the maximum case temperature rise ( TC, max) divided by the module power dissipation (PD): θca TC, max = --------------------- = PD ( TC TA) ----------------------- PD The location to measure case temperature (TC) is shown in Figure 26. Case-to-ambient thermal resistance vs. airflow is shown, for various heat sink configurations, heights, and orientations, as shown in Figures 32 and 33. Longitudinal orientation is defined as when the long axis of the module is parallel to the airflow direction, whereas in the transverse orientation, the long axis is perpendicular to the airflow. These curves were obtained by experimental testing of heat sinks, which are offered in the product catalog. CASE-TO-AMBIENT THERMAL RESISTANCE, CA ( C/W) 1 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 1. (1) 1. (2) 1. (3) 2. (4) VELOCITY, m/s (ft./min.) NO HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1 IN. HEAT SINK 2. () 8-2323 (C) Figure 32. Case-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance Curves; Transverse Orientation 3. (6) CASE-TO-AMBIENT THERMAL RESISTANCE, CA ( C/W) 11 1 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 1. (1) 1. (2) 1. (3) 2. (4) VELOCITY, m/s (ft./min.) NO HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1 IN. HEAT SINK 2. () 8-2324 (C) Figure 33. Case-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance Curves; Longitudinal Orientation POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 2 1 1 1 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK NO HEAT SINK LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA ( C) 8-2889 (C) Figure 34. Heat Sink Power Derating Curves; Natural Convection; Transverse Orientation 3. (6) 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 Tyco Electronics 1
QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Data Sheet January 2 Thermal Considerations (continued) Heat Transfer with Heat Sinks (continued) POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA ( C) Figure 3. Heat Sink Power Derating Curves; Natural Convection; Longitudinal Orientation POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 2 1 1 1 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK NO HEAT SINK 1 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK NO HEAT SINK 8-289 (C) 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 2 1 1 1 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK NO HEAT SINK 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 1 LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA ( C) 8-2892 (C) Figure 37. Heat Sink Power Derating Curves; 1. m/s (2 lfm); Longitudinal Orientation These measured resistances are from heat transfer from the sides and bottom of the module as well as the top side with the attached heat sink; therefore, the case-to-ambient thermal resistances shown are generally lower than the resistance of the heat sink by itself. The module used to collect the data in Figures 32 and 33 had a thermal-conductive dry pad between the case and the heat sink to minimize contact resistance. The use of Figures 32 and 33 is shown in the following example. Example If an 8 C case temperature is desired, what is the minimum airflow necessary? Assume the QHW1F1 module is operating at VI = 4 V and an output current of 2 A, maximum ambient air temperature of 4 C, and the heat sink is 1/2 inch. The module is oriented in the transverse direction. LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA ( C) 8-2891 (C) Figure 36. Heat Sink Power Derating Curves; 1. m/s (2 lfm); Transverse Orientation 16 Tyco Electronics
Data Sheet January 2 QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Thermal Considerations (continued) Heat Transfer with Heat Sinks (continued) Solution Given: VI = 4 V IO = 2 A TA = 4 C TC = 8 C Heat sink = 1/2 inch Determine PD by using Figure 31: PD = 11. W Then solve the following equation: θca θca θca = = = ( TC TA) ----------------------- PD ( 8 4) ----------------------- 11. 4.1 C/W Use Figure 32 to determine air velocity for the 1/2 inch heat sink. The minimum airflow necessary for this module is.7 m/s (14 ft./min.). For a managed interface using thermal grease or foils, a value of θcs =.1 C/W to.3 C/W is typical. The solution for heat sink resistance is: θsa = ( TC TA) ----------------------- θcs PD This equation assumes that all dissipated power must be shed by the heat sink. Depending on the userdefined application environment, a more accurate model, including heat transfer from the sides and bottom of the module, can be used. This equation provides a conservative estimate for such instances. EMC Considerations For assistance with designing for EMC compliance, please refer to the FLTR1V1 data sheet (DS99-294EPS). Layout Considerations Copper paths must not be routed beneath the power module mounting inserts. For additional layout guidelines, refer to the FLTR1V1 data sheet (DS99-294EPS). Custom Heat Sinks A more detailed model can be used to determine the required thermal resistance of a heat sink to provide necessary cooling. The total module resistance can be separated into a resistance from case-to-sink (θcs) and sink-to-ambient (θsa) as shown in Figure 38. PD TC TS TA cs sa Figure 38. Resistance from Case-to-Sink and Sink-to-Ambient 8-134 (C) Tyco Electronics 17
QHWF1, QHW7F1, and QHW1F1 Power Modules: Data Sheet January 2 Outline Diagram Dimensions are in millimeters and (inches). Tolerances: x.x mm ±. mm (x.xx in. ±.2 in.) x.xx mm ±.2 mm (x.xxx in. ±.1 in.) Top View 36.8 (1.4) 7.9 (2.28) Side View 12.7 (.).1 (.2) SIDE LABEL* 4.1 (.16) MIN, 6 PLACES 4.1 (.16) MIN 1.2 (.4) DIA SOLDER-PLATED BRASS, 6 PLACES 4.1 (.16) MIN, 2 PLACES 1.7 (.62) DIA SOLDER-PLATED BRASS, 2 PLACES Bottom View.3 (.21) 1.9 (.43) 1.24 (.6) 26.16 (1.3) 3.6 (.14) VI( ) ON/OFF VI(+).8 (2.) 11.2 (.44) RIVETED CASE PIN (OPTIONAL) 1.9 x.76 (.43 x.3) RECOMMENDED HOLE SIZE: 1.7 (.62) VO( ) SENSE TRIM + SENSE VO(+) 12.7 (.) 3.81 (.1) MOUNTING INSERTS M3 x. THROUGH, 4 PLACES 7.62 (.3) 11.43 (.4) 1.24 (.6) 7.62 (.3) 47.2 (1.86).3 (.21) * Side label includes Tyco logo, product designation, safety agency marking s, input/output voltage and current ratings, and bar code. 8-1769 (F).b 18 Tyco Electronics
QHWF1-Q, QHW7F1-Q, and QHW1F1-Q Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 to 7 Vdc Input, 3.3 Vdc Output; 33 W to 66 W Data Sheet October 21 Europe, Middle-East and Africa Headquarters Tyco Electronics (UK) Ltd Tel: +44 () 1344 469 3, Fax: +44 () 1344 469 31 World Wide Headquarters Tyco Electronics Power Systems, Inc. 3 Skyline Drive, Mesquite, TX 7149, USA +1-8-26-7819 FAX: +1-888-31-182 (Outside U.S.A.: +1-972-284-2626, FAX: +1-972-284-29) www.power.tycoelectronics.com e-mail: techsupport1@tycoelectronics.com Central America-Latin America Headquarters Tyco Electronics Power Systems Tel: +4 11 4316 2866, Fax: +4 11 4312 98 Asia-Pacific Headquarters Tyco Electronics Singapore Pte Ltd Tel: +6 482 311, Fax: 6 48 9299 Tyco Electronics Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. No liability is assumed as a result of their use or application. No rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information. 21 Tyco Electronics Power Systems, Inc. (Mesquite, Texas) All International Rights Reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Printed on Recycled Paper