Transient high sensitive soot measurement AVL Micro Soot Sensor Manfred Linke
Customer needs and market requirements Speed (km/h) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 ECE 15 EUDC 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Time (s) Low sensitive soot measurement according to current and future legislation Emission measurement for exhaust after-treatment Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 2
Customer needs and market requirements 0,05 EURO 3 Particulate emission (g/km) 0,04 0,03 0,02 0,01 EURO 4 NOx Cat soot filter with > 95% efficiency 0 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 NOx + HC emission (g/km) Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 3
Customer needs and market requirements Decreasing particle limit (PM) enhances requirement on measurement accuracy! Measuring Range Particle PKW Legisl. Limit NFZ Legisl. Limit EURO III undiluted mg/m³ 4... 40 5... 15 EURO IV undiluted mg/m³ 2,5... 20 1,25... 3 EURO V undiluted mg/m³ 1... 8 1,25... 3 EURO IV diluted mg/m³ 0,015... 3 0,025 g/km 0,007... 1,25 0,02/0,03 g/kwh EURO V diluted mg/m³ 0,005... 1 0,0025 g/km 0,007... 1,25 0,02/0,03 g/kwh Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 4
Customer needs on the measuring device High resolution and sensitivity to verify lowest emissions Transient measurement procedure Easy calibration and maintenance High reproducibility and repeatability Easy and flexible integration into test beds Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 5
AVL Solution Based on long experience in particulate and smoke measurement AVL developed a new device to meet these customer requirements What is the AVL solution? AVL Micro Soot Sensor! Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 6
AVL Micro Soot Sensor Transient measurement of soot concentration With high sensitivity (detection limit ~ 5 µg/m³) Sensor signal is directly sensitive to soot concentration Standard interfaces (RS232 with AK protocol, CAN, TCP/IP, DIO,...) Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 7
Measuring principle Microphone as detector Acoustic wave Exhaust gas will be directed through a measuring chamber and thermally animated by a modulated laser beam Soot particle Modulated expansion Modulated heating produces periodic pressure pulsation, which will be detected by a microphone as acoustic wave Modulated laser beam Modulated heating Signal will be amplified in a pre-amplifier and filtered in a Lock-In - amplifier. Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 8
Measuring principle Microphone Standing acoustic wave PA cell Realisation as resonant measuring cell Thereby a standing acoustic wave is be generated Modulated laser beam Acoustic Notch filter Particle flow Significant increase of sensitivity. Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 9
Applications For diesel and gasoline engines Diluted measurements at engine- and vehicle test beds Research & Development Production On-Board application In verification for future legislation Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 10
Example: Application package R&D Exhaust Aftertreatment Efficiency of Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) Diluter D P F Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 11
Example: Application package R&D Efficiency of a Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) e.g. Heavy Duty: European Stationary Cycle (ESC) without and with a PM Kat 1800 1500 µg/m3 1200 900 ESC1,2 (without PM_KAT) and 6 (with PM_KAT) ESC 1 ESC 2 ESC 6 600 300 0 0 300 600 900 1200 time 1500 (s) 1800 Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 12
Example: Application package R&D Efficiency of a Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) e.g. Heavy Duty: European Transient Cycle (ETC) without and with a PM Kat 2000 µg/m3 1500 ETC 3 (without PM_KAT) and 5,6 (with PM_KAT) ETC 3 ETC 5 ETC 6 1000 500 0 1200 1400 1600 time(s) 1800 Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 13
Example: Application package R&D NEDC without PM Kat Efficiency of a Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) e.g. Light Duty: NEDC as example without filter Measurement was performed directly from CVS dilution tunnel Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 14
Example: Application package R&D PASS (mg/m3) Correlation PASS vs. Gravimetry mean cycle concentration 2.0 y = 0.914x + 0.014 1.5 R 2 = 0.955 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 BC, gravimetric (mg/m3) Correlation For validation of these transient test results the Micro Soot Sensor shows excellent correlation to gravimetric measurement if the transient signal will be integrated over the test cycle time. Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 15
Benefits and USP s Lowest price in this category with optimal cost/performance ratio Transient measurement of soot concentration with time resolution of ~1 s High sensitivity and wide measuring range (development target 5 µg/m³ - 50 mg/m³) High repeatability (development target < 5% of meas. value) and reproducibility (development target < 10% of meas. value) Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 16
Benefits and USP s Usable also for measurements after particulate filters due to high sensitivity Easy calibration Automatic internal calibration for sensitivity Calibration with Absorber window Low maintenance Weekly cleaning of windows and filter change Monthly cleaning of measuring chamber and pump Easy integration into test bed e.g. AK-Protocol Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 17
Transient high sensitive soot measurement Klinkerbild Manfred Linke