Predicting Diesel Particulate Filter Performance DCL R&D Progress Report Adhoc/Deep Conference 1997
Introduction Diesel Particulate Filter Effective for Reduction of DPM Requires Careful Study of Each Application Computer Model Effective Tool for Predicting DPF Performance Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 2
Outline Physical Description Operational Description Model Concept Results Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 3
Description Ceramic Matrix SiC or Corderite Alternately Blocked Channels Wall Flow Device Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 4
History Excellent Filtration Efficiency Application Sensitive Inconsistent Field Experiences Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 5
History Excellent Filtration Efficiency Application Sensitivity Inconsistent Field Experiences Requirement: Accurate Identification of Possible Applications Requirement: Accurate Selection of DPF Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 6
Filter Operation Direct Interception & Brownian Diffusion Filtration Mechanisms Conditional Combustion of Soot (Regeneration) Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 7
Modes of Operation Accumulation Regeneration Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 8
Regeneration Regeneration: Combustion of Soot Regeneration Limit: Combustion Decreases Trapped Mass of Soot Regeneration Event: Rapid Combustion Significantly Reduces Amount of Soot in Filter Problem: Predict Regeneration Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 9
Possible Decision Making Tools Arbitrary Sizing Rule Threshold Temperature Rule Engine-Dynamometer Simulation Computer Modeling Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 10
Model Goals Improved Accuracy Extended Range of Applications Inexpensive Operation Comparison of Different Technologies Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 11
Model Description Zero or One Dimensional Heat Transfer Reaction Rate Pressure Loss dp E in, E E out, comb M in M out Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 12
Model Inputs Exhaust Flow Rate DPM Concentration Oxygen Concentration Filter Characteristics Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 13
Model Outputs Filter Temperature Stored Mass of DPM Filter Pressure Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 14
Model Validation Heat Transfer Model Validation Temperature ( C) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Outlet Calculated Inlet Measured 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time (s) Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 15
Model Validation Heat Transfer Model Validation Temperature ( C) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Outlet Calculated Inlet Measured Outlet Measured 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time (s) Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 16
Model Input Model Input 450 400 350 Temperature ( C) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Time (s) Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 17
Results Calculated and Measured Pressure 12000 10000 8000 Pressure (Pa) 6000 4000 Meas 1 Meas 3 Meas 5 2000 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000-2000 Time (s) Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 18
Results Calculated and Measured Pressure 12000 10000 Pressure (Pa) 8000 6000 4000 2000 Calc 1 Meas 1 Meas 3 Calc 3 Meas 5 Calc 5 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000-2000 Time (s) Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 19
Effect of Thermal Inertia Effect of Thermal Inertia 400 350 300 Temperature (K) 250 200 150 Tinlet Tfilter1 100 50 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Time (s) Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 20
Effect of Thermal Inertia Effect of Thermal Inertia 400 350 300 Temperature (K) 250 200 150 Tinlet Tfilter1 Tfilter2 100 50 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Time (s) Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 21
Summary Identification of Suitable Applications Prediction of Filter Performance Comparison of Different Technologies Improved Understanding of Filter Operation Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 22
Conclusions Improved Reliability of Products Increased Range of Applications for Products Accurate Selection of Appropriate Technology Diesel Particulate Filter Performance - John Muter / DCL 23