This PDF is selection from n out-of-print volume from the Ntionl Bureu of Economic Reserch Volume Title: Price nd Quntity Trends in the Foreign Trde of the United Sttes Volume Author/Editor: Robert E. Lipsey Volume Publisher: Princeton University Press Volume ISBN: -87-14154-6 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/lips63-1 Publiction Dte: 1963 hpter Title: Appendix E: Dt on Vribility, Smpling Error, nd overge hpter Author: Robert E. Lipsey hpter URL: http://www.nber.org/chpters/c1897 hpter pges in book: (p. 378-41)
Appendix E Dt on Vribility, Smpling Error, nd overge The first prt of this Appendix presents the bsic dt on the vribility of price movements within nd mong minor clsses nd estimtes of smpling error for minor nd mjor clsses. The second contins detiled informtion on coverge nd shifts in coverge. VARIABILITY AND SAMPLING ERRORS Two ssumptions must be kept in mind s the bsis for these mesurements nd their interprettion. One is tht the commodities which re covered in the minor clss indexes re completely covered the prices for individul commodities re ssumed to be known precisely nd not subject to smpling error. The other is tht commodities nd minor clsses hve been selected for the smple rndomly, either with equl probbilities or with probbility proportionl to size. Tble E-l gives weighted nd unweighted stndrd devitions for minor clsses, where they were computed. They could not be clculted for uncovered clsses or for clsses in which there ws only one covered commodity. The ltter re divided into two groups: those with only one commodity, for which, by our ssumption, there is no vrince, nd those with one covered commodity nd one or more uncovered ones, for which we cnnot mesure the vrince. These stndrd devitions re mesures of the homogeneity of clsses rther thn of the ccurcy of the indexes, lthough homogeneity does, of course, ffect ccurcy. They re descriptive of the covered commodities within ech clss nd do not require ny ssumption of rndomness in the smpling procedure. A lrge stndrd devition implies heterogeneous strtum but it my not, if coverge is high, imply inccurcy in the estimtion of the men. The two stndrd devitions in Tble E-1 re: fpi\2 Unweighted: ; = / I /p\2 ILTP Q \ Weighted: 1 ) = 2 EPQ The is pproprite for n unweighted index or for n ssumption tht the commodity weights mong the covered items re irrelevnt to the uncovered ones; tht is, ech commodity, no mtter how lrge, is only 378
APPENDIX E single observtion of the men. The weighted stndrd devition is pproprite for use with weighted index nd, in generl, for the ssumption tht the importnce of different price behvior ptterns in the uncovered items would mtch tht mong the covered commodities. Equlity of the two stndrd devitions implies no correltion between the weight or importnce of commodity nd its distnce from the men. The usul cse nmely tht is greter thn mens tht the correltion is negtive; nd greter thn implies tht the importnce of commodity is positively correlted with exceptionl behvior (distnce from the men). Stndrd errors of the men (the men being the Lspeyres price index) re given in Tble E-2. These do involve inference from the stndrd devitions. They re mesures of the ccurcy of the minor clss indexes, under the ssumption tht the commodities smpled re representtive of ll commodities in their groups. In other words, smples re treted s if they hd been drwn rndomly. Since only the weighted stndrd errors re shown here, the ssumption implied is tht the smple ws drwn with probbility proportionl to size (vlue) rther thn, s in the unweighted indexes, equl probbility of representtion for ech commodity. Two sets of stndrd errors re computed. The first, with no finite smpling djustment, tkes ccount of the number of commodities drwn from ech clss but not of the proportion of totl vlue covered. It trets the smples s if they included oniy smll prt of the whole clss. It nswers the question, "How ccurte n estimte of the men could be mde with smple of this size from lrge popultion?" The second set tkes ccount not only of the number of items but lso of their shre in the totl vlue of the clss. It mkes use of the fct (or ssumption) tht the men is known precisely for substntil prt of the totl (the smple) nd tht, in effect, the estimtion pplies only to the remining, often smll, frction of the totl vlue. The two mesures of stndrd error cn be described in terms of the stndrd devitions of Tble E-1, where N is the number of covered commodities in the minor clss. Without finite smpling djustment: m (undjusted) With finite smpling djustment (where f is the coverge rtio): = m (djusted) = Vx i / 1 f 379 1
oefficients of vrition, presented in Tble E-3, re the rtios of stndrd errors to the mens they pply to. In this cse the mens re the Lspeyres price indexes. Only the weighted mesures re shown, but the reltionship between weighted nd unweighted coefficients would be the sme s in Tble E-1. The vrince of mjor clss men cn be clculted from the vrince within minor clsses (lredy computed) nd the vrince mong minor clsses, s follows: where: n iv. m. = l [(v_ = number of smpled minor clsses number of minor clsses = number of smpled commodities in minor clss i = number of commodities in minor clss i = vlue of commodityj in minor clss i = vlue of smpled commodities in minor clss i E = vlue of ll commodities in minor clss i = Vj, j=1 v = vlue of smpled minor clsses = i=1 V = vlue of ll minor clsses = vlue of price reltive for commodityj in minor clss i V..r.. mens of minor clss z = " '.' =. = mjor clss men = 2 i=1 n = m1 j=1 V. V1 = minor clss vrince 2 The is the squre of the weighted stndrd devition of Tble E-l. 38
APPENDiX E These computtions re crried out in Tble E-4 nd the coefficients of vrition derived from these vrinces re shown in hpter 5, Tble 18. MEASURES OF OVERAGE AND HANGE IN OVERAGE Tbles E-5 through E-8 give bsic dt on coverge for ll mjor nd intermedite clsses. The figures show, for the erliest yer of ech period, the rtio of the vlue of covered commodities to the vlue of ll commodities in the clss. For the lst yer of ech period they show the rtio of the vlue of those commodities which were covered in the first yer to the vlue of ll the commodities which were prt of the clss in the first yer. Thus, for within-period comprisons, chnges in coverge due to incresing vilbility of dt re eliminted. For ech period, the tble revels whether the commodities covered in the initil yer grew in vlue t fster or slower rte thn the uncovered ones. In order to see the trend of coverge s whole (not just tht for fixed groups of commodities) one must follow the movement from the right-hnd column of one period to the right-hnd column of the next. Export lss 115 in Tble E-5 illustrtes the two uses of the tble. By 1889, the commodities covered in 1879 hd fllen from 91 to 89 per cent of the totl vlue of the clss. But those commodities which ctully were covered in 1889 formed 97 per cent of the totl vlue of the clss in tht yer. It should be noted tht these tbles show the proportion of totl vlue in covered commodities, not tht contined in covered minor clsses. These chnges in coverge do not indicte the possibility of bis in the totl or mjor clss indexes, becuse they include the effects of both shifts in the weight or importnce of minor clsses nd shifts within them. Only the ltter, s is pointed out in hpter 5, would suggest bis becuse they indicte tht covered commodities possessed different chrcteristics (possibly different price chnges) from uncovered products. Tbles E-9 through E-12 re intended to revel such shifts. They show the ctul end-yer coverge rtios for commodities covered in the initil yer (first columns of Tbles E-5 through E-8) s percentges of the rtios tht would hve existed if vlues of covered nd uncovered items hd grown t the sme rte within ech minor clss.' Thus, rtio over 1 per cent indictes tht covered commodities grew t more rpid rte thn uncovered commodities. 1 The computtion of the hypotheticl rtios is performed by pplying the initil yer coverge rtio to the end-yer vlue for ech minor clss. 381
APPEJS'DIX E TABLE E 1 STANDARD DEVIATIONS FOR MINOR LASS PRIE INDEXES Minor lss Weighted Stndrd Devitions Unweighted Stndrd Devitions 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 A. 1.57.76.92.91.152.195.163.181 2 3b 4 b b 5.133.52.41.53.17.113.77.91 6.67.294.216.9.81.258.215.17 7 d.75 d d d.22 8.29.79.181.57.8.27 9.29.32.66.87.47.31.64.26 1 O 11.78.3.43.34.119.68.153.114 12.35.32.29.37.34.4 13.27.22.73.8.58.3.191.17 14.4.38.83.58.119.133.263.185 15.57.268.11.47.65.27.18.44 16.79.87 1 7 18.72.1.68.12 19.77.15.235.51.77.196.224.91 21 b b b.32 b b b.326 22.19.33 d d 23 b.124.63 b b.259.96 b 24 d.94.66.118.117.94.3 25 b d d d b d d d. 26.45.34.118.122.159.31.112.187 27 b b b.129.153 28.39.81.135 d.4.81.129 29 d d.83 d d.12 3b 31 c 32.122.34.121.424.233.27.115.488 33.254.117.45.1.257.155.144.16 34.6.288 b b.68.393 b b 35 b 494 c b.498 36.242 539 37.169.248.337.248 38 b d.196.373 b.2.43 39.385.222.52.265.438.289.94.23 4.326.3.378.315.297,31.39.293 41.158.8.21.82.166.9.3.173 42.24 b.9 b.148 b.71 b 43 b.7.5 44.12.89.55.57.1.98.55.52 45.46.148.138.144.53.183.21.27 46 b c c b c 47 b b 382
Minor lss 48 49 5 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59b 6 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 7 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9b 1 Ob 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Weighted Stndrd Devitions APPENDIX E TABLE E 1 1879 1889 1899 1913 d d.3 c b.3.46.163.18.17.73.114.199 b.221 d.2.144.194.349.1 b b o b b.18.79.93.181.122 c.98 d ci.168.173.21.56.95.17.49 o b b.35.191.119.12.218.251.127.16.161.155.15.211 o c b b b b.174.325.345.174.65.137.8.84 B. IMPORTS d.254.7.51.89.32.346 o o b.31.38.9.45.168.121.195.174 b.413.622.315.173.99.88.295 b b b.114 b b.145.19.11.64.237.115.249.123.41.56.129.169 o.12.25.138.37 b b 46 o ci.11 383 Unweighted Stndrd Devitions 1879 1889 1899 1913 ci o b.32.7.238.27.49.2.129.175 b.225 ci.18.145.195.8.1 b b o b b.21.228.158.187.12 o e.128 ci ci.169.188.345.23.157.14.15 c b b.426.33.122.113.33.246.157.16.152.158.336.22 c b b b b.176.336.362.185.64.237.92 c.159 ci.226.29.17.154.67.349 c b.278.46.136.113.181.121.265.16 b.533.578.362.165.119.15.265 b b b.119 b b.123.89.14.21.93.237.126.276.129.19.84.13.274.12.238.135.42 b b.19 c d.13
APPENDIX E TABLE E 1 Minor lss Weighted Stndrd Devitions Unweighted Stndrd Devitions 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 18.222 b c c.222 b 19.24.121.18.55.187.11 2 U b c U b o 21.191.58.147.72.27.73.127.142 22 b.147.83.29 b.155.99.275 23 c b b c c b b c 24 b b.194.51 b b.225.7 25 d d d.146 4 d d.149 26.162.231 b.176.295 27 b.137 b.295 28 29 b b b.28 b b b.3 31.94 1.246 c.126 1.273 32 c b d.16 b 4.17 33 b b 12 136 b b.15.277 34 4 b 4 b 35 c c 36 b b 4.13 b b d.819 37 38 b b b.271 b b b 35 39.135.322.14.241 4.52.139.26.332.676.189.261.386 41.216.476.34.87.21.45.284.115 42 43 d 4.196 4.264 44.25 d U.563.223 1.338 45b 46 b.35.12 b.38.12 47.125.11.118.118 48 b b b b b b 49 b b b b b b 5 b.118.185 b.155.197 51.26.112.215.344.275.119.167.31 52 4.22 o d.178 53.56.35.69.74.59.195.121.133 54 b.72.6.19 b.12.88.28 55 b U b b U c b 56.19.154.68.119.25.147.66.17 57 b U U b b b 58 4.24 4.26 59.65.68.136.77.63.93.123.85 6 61 62.21.174.131.18.211.173.124.142 63 d.113 d U d.245 64.25.17.26.17 65 c b b.3 c b b.42 384
APPEXDIX E TABLE E 1 (concluded) Minor lss Weighted Stndrd Devitions Unweighted Stndrd Devitions 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 66 67 68 69 7 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88.18.23 b b d d b c c c b b b c c c b d d 41 d.268.153.379 b.136.18 d.261.39.155.18.174.221.342.117.18.224.124 ci d b b ci.142.188.91.221.26.233.151.147.26 b.13.134.56.538.314.232.76.62.56.165.94 b b d d b b b b b d d ci d d.296.147.651 b.169.31 d.296.335.17.23.244.357.59.162.176.31.256 d ci c b b ci.256.17.15.388.266.286.259.144 c e b.14.17.6.234.25.388.33.9.177.135 9 91 Uncovered clss. b One-commodity clss, complete coverge. lss not listed seprtely in this yer. 41 One covered commodity, incomplete coverge. TABLE E-2 STANDARD ERRORS OF MEAN FOR WEIGHTED MINOR PRIE INDEXES Minor lss Withou Finite Smpling Adjustment With Smpling Finite Adjustment 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 A. EXPORTS 1.33.44.53.53.1.3.6.2 2 3 b b b b 4 c c c b c 5.67.26.2.24.1 6.67.28.153.64.25.92.7.39 7 d d d.43 41 d.25 385
APPENDIX E TABLE E 2 Minor lss Without Finite Smpling Adjustment With Smpling Finite Adjustment 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 8.17.46.128 9.29.22.38.35.2.6.9 1.21.12.45.4 14.28.22.41.26.7.3.7.6 15.57.268.78.33 16 d.56 c c 1 7 18 d d.51.5 d d.37.28 19.77.16.166.29.19.45.5 2 21 b b b.32 22.19 d d d d 23 b.124.63 b 24.66.66.83.2.33.34 25 d d d d d. ci. 26.45.34.84.86.43.11.17 27 b b b.129.65 28.39.81.78.8.29.36 29 d ci. ci.48 ci ci d.18 3 b b b b 31 c c e c 32.122.215.86.424.38.42.16.21 33.254.68.23.6.67.7.3.1 34.6.288 b b 35 b 494 36.171.133 37.169.248 38 b ci..196.264 d.125 39.385.128.3.132.258.4.11.49 4.23.3.378.223.7.83.34 41.158.8.21.82.52.23 42.24 b.9 b 43 b.7.2 44.12.89.55.33.4.36.24.18 45.46.15.98.83.38.31.46.39 46 c c b 47 b 48 d d.3 U d 49 c b 51 52.3.33.73.5.2.19.26.2 53.17.52.81.115.13.36.56.77 54 b.221 55 ci..11 d.8 56 386
APPENDIX E E 2 Minor lss Without Finite Smpling Adjustment With Smpling Finite Adjustment 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 57 58 59 6 61 62 63 64.144.194.349 o c b b b b b b.56.65.128 d.97.1 b b.18.7.98.61.5.3.13.13 c.43.8.5 66 67 68 69 7 71 72 73 74 75 76.21.56.67 o b.216.191.42.126.125.45.8.78.61 b b b.123.1.37.79 o.6.35 b.31.25.41 b.174.96.3.34.35.8 9..1.2 o.135.67.17.84.26.13.64.56.44.27 o.6.9.62.55.28.6.21 1.147 2.89 3 c c 4.22.38 5.168.121 6 b.292 7.77.57 8 b b 9 b b 1 b b 11 c b 12.19 13.237.57 14.41.32 15.12 16.37 b 17 18 19.24.121 2 d 21.135.29 22 b.14 23 b 24 b b 25 d 26 b B. IMPORTS.5.51.32.155 b.9.26.195.123.44.182.62.93 b.57 b b b b b.84.11.26.112.62.129.97.177.98 b.23 d.11.222 b.18 d b c.66.42.59.167 b.194.36 d.146.115.7 387 o.48.1.32.6.3.56.133.142.232.31.34.38.12.7.197.33.6.17.1.64 c.64.126 o d.28.2 d o d.15.57.8.96.63.6.22.13.24.46.53.9.25.7.17.31.1
APPENDIX E TABLE E 2 lss lss Without Finite Smpling Adjustment With Finite Smpling Adjustment 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 27.97.51 28 d d & d d 29 b b b.28.22 3 31.94.881 e.67.568 32 b d.16.46 33 b b.12.96.31 34 d b 35 c c 36 b b.92.2 37 38 b b b 192 39.135.114.17 4.52.62.92.15.215.31.53.49 41.153.238.17.44.41.57.9.23 42 43 d d.196 c.28 44.25 d d.563 ' ' o 45 b b b b b.35.12 47.72.45.55.38 48 c b b b c 49 c b b b 5 c b.118.185 51.184.79.17.154.14.2.53 52 c d.143 c ' 53.56.35.34.37.24.15.17.26 54 b.51.42.13 55 b d b o c 56.14.19.48.84.6.59.19.38 57 b ' ' b o 58 c ' 24 c ' 59.46.48.78.77.2.38.33.53 6 61 62.21.123.93.44.128.4.72.25 63 d ' '.113.29 64.25.17.167.88 65 c b b.22 66.18.16.78.13 67 b b ' d d ' 68 b 69 ' ' 7 c b b b 71 b 72 c c 73 d ' d ' ' ' 74.268.18.17.48 75.136.18 '.56.4 ' 76.131.195.69.9.12.162.52.78 388
APPENDIX E TABLE E 2 (concluded) Minor lss Without Finite Smpling Adjustment With Finite Smpling Adjustment 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 77.174.156.129.22 78.67.76.91.51.32.4.32.14 79 d d d d 8 c b b d d 81.71.94.46.99.18.3.2.56 82.26.164.87.73.182.123.58.63 83 84 c b.13 c e.6 85.134.32.99.8 86.78.17.95.53.55.16.7.32 87.76.62.32.47.37.27 9 91 Uncovered clss. b One-commodity clss, complete coverge. lss not listed seprtely in this yer. d One covered commodity, incomplete coverge. TABLE E-3 OEFFIIENTS OF VARIATION FOR WEIGHTED MINOR LASS INDEXES Minor lss Without Finite Smpling Adjustment With Smpling Finite Adjustment 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 A. EXPORTS 1.3.6.67.64.1.4.7.25 b 6.53.18.182.12.2.79.83.63 7 d d.53 d d d.31 8.15.47.146 9.36.21.63.38.2.1.1 1 & 11.83.17.45.19 12.37.51.32.3.18 13.6.19.66.13.2.1.41.6 14.25.17.52.3.6.2.9.7 15.53.189.127.51 16 d.79 d 1 18 d d.5.72.36 4 389
Minor lss Without Finite Smpling Adjustment APPENDIX E TABLE E 3 1879 1889 1899 1913 With Finite Smpling Adjustment 1879 1889 1899 1913 19.75.75.181.52.13.49.9 2 21 b b b.245 22.17 ci d d ci 23 b.84.55 b 24 ci.82.64.236 d.25.32.96 25 b ci ci ci ci d ci 26.37.245.83.96.35.11.19 27 b b b.116.58 28 ci.43.15.98 '.9.38.45 29 ci ' ci.68 ' ' '.25 3 b b b b 31 c 32.87.149.169.416.27.29.32.197 33.233.61.32.8.6.6.5.1 34.45.234 b b 35 c b.226 c c 36.79.62 37.152.372 38 b ci.293.176 U.187 39.34.121.55.148.228.38.19.55 4.253.3.651.319.7.144.48 41.144.4.244.16.63.3 42.24.18 43 b.15.4 44.12.58.79.78.4.24.35.42 45.57.75.99.97.47.22.47.46 46 b 47 c o c b c c c 48 d ci.6 d d 49 b c 5 51 52.35.31.17.91.24.18.38.36 53.18.44.148.187.13.31.12.126 54 b.236 c 55 ci 23 ci.16 56 57.169.158.423.21 58 b b c c 59 D b b b 6 b b.18 61.47.57.142.89.4.3.15.16 62 c c.85 c c.38 63 U d d ' 64..118.99.97.81 65 66.164.82.64.6.27.12.9.1 67.4.22 68 c b b c 69.134.155.45.53.84.54 39
APPEXDIX E TABLE E 3 Minor lss Without Finite Smpling Adjustment With Smpling Finite Adjustment 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 7.94.93.57.25.8.62.33.13 71.8.69.6.57.64.5.33.38 72 c b b c c 73 b b.177.6 74.137.166.11.18 75.87.34.98.44.48.26.74.3 76 c.39 c c 77 B. IMPORTS 1 U.129.8.5 U.42.2.15 2.112.49.238.49.88 3 b 4.19.3.16.3.5.3 5.177.133.321.158.62.218.12 6.248.278.173.121.147.92 7.67.51.83.92.27.3.5.62 8 b b b.97.11 9 b b b b 1 b b b b 11 b b 111.28 12.17.15.38.1.1.18 13.43.61.117.93.357.35.63.37 14.3.34.199.11.13.1.98.52 15 c.14.186.174 c.75.132.93 16.27 b b.21 17 c d.25 U.19 18.189 b 19.23.83.15 U.19.1 U 2 U b U 21.151.3.63.5.31 22 b.158.58.228.96 23 b b 24 b b.17.6.28 25 U d U.154 U U d.32 26 b U.163.81 U.11 27 b.99.52 28 U U U d 29 b b b.75.58 31 c.116.35 c.83.226 32 b U.13 U.44 33 b b.14.172.56 34 U b U 35 c c 36 b b U.37 U.8 Ø37 38 b b b.261 39.119 d U.14 U U.21 4.34.65.138.151.126.33.8.71 41.138.26.255.53.37.49.135.28 391
APPENDIX E TABLE E 3 (concluded) Minor lss 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 5 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Without Finite Smpling Adjustment o c o ci ci.581.14 ci ci 553 b b b b b.52.23 b.96.59 b b b b b b b.196.181.221.59.124.139 c ci.281.45.32.4.67 b.4.65.19 b d c b.12.16.62.122 b ci ci b c ci.4.41.5.8.94 With Finite Smpling Adjustment 1879 1889 1899 1913 1879 1889 1899 1913 ci ci.84 d ci c.73.5.11.24.48 d.19.14.2.47 ci c o.5.57.25.55 ci d c d.18.39.33.65 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 7 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8 81 82 83k 84 85 86 87 88 89 9 91.167.113.19.62.188.427.184 b b.36.82.31 b b ci o c e b c d c b b b b c ci d d ci ci c.437.112.244 b.172.22 d.11.195.87.188.134.171.177.82.93.126.48. ci ci o ii b.56.18.44.136.146.112.87.97 c c b.12 139.37.61.149.18.72.72.44.7.11 ci.4.85 ci.347 6.59 d d.87.39.15.13.43 c ci.71.162.48.34.84.93.44.35.48.151.24 d d d ci.5.65.45 ci.2.58.12.8.26 ci.7 d 164.3.14 ci ci.77.84.6.9.43.59 o Uncovered clss. b One-commodity clss, complete coverge. lss not listed seprtely in this yer. ci One covered commodity, incomplete coverge. 392
ALULATION APPENDIX E TABLE E-4 OF VARiANE FOR SELETED MAJOR EONOML LASSES Mjor Yer lss = V V v v Si Vr [(1) x (2)]+(3) (3) (4) (5) 21 23 212 213 215 21 23 212 213 22 A. EXPORTS 1879.595.87 4.(25) 1889.1744.21.9 4.3 1899.49.1496.16 4.4 1913.185.8.18 5.4 1879.12518.233.2 12.3 1889.2966.2446.2 12.6 1899.2277.3139.21 13.7 1913.161.3475.8 13.5 1879.547.3661.11 7.17 1889.5346.2114.12 1.12 1899.1756.127 1.2 1913.2282.675.27 1.4 1879.275.1196.53 7.51 1889.4235.646.38 8.39 1899.34.1 16 14.8 1913.538.693.69 15.7 1879.1364.12558.199 9.41 1889.2915.1623.271 1.58 1899.3786.8254.12 13.33 1913.11291.5923.96 17.45 B. IMPORTS 1879.7929.741.13 7.1 1889.3417.1 1 9.12 1899.749.242 9.27 1913.521.14 1.1 1879.1413.32.129 6.22 1889.525.1446.71 9.16 1899.4656.1 11.9 1913.2292.11 9.1 1879.42 12.2 196.2 11 12.25 1889.5316.342.12 17.1 1899.4198.2998.82 2.1 1913.4521.416.21 21.18 1879.462.4597.18 9.36 1889.2628.9265.391 12.53 1899.1264.14743.183 13.28 1913.49.1267.56 17.6 1879.522.29233.37 6.77 1889.1685.4195.523 9.135 1899.4916.17995.263 15.77 1913.2942.13589.156 16.35 393
TABLE E-5 OVERAGE RATIOS FOR INTERMEDIATE EXPORT LASSES: EARLIEST AND BASE YEARS OF EAH PERIOD (per cent) Export 1913 1923 1899 1913 1889 1899 1879 1889 lss 1923 1913 1913 1899 1899 1389 1889 1879 11 81.5 61. 69.9 98.6 97.5 99.2 99.2 98.6 12 94.6 95.6 91.3 98.1 97.7 98.5 98.5 99.8 13 96.4 96.7 93.5 98.2 97.8 98.4 98.8 99.8 14 94.7 95.2 91.6 98.5 97.8 98.7 98.8 99.8 15 96.4 96.3 93.6 98.4 98. 98.6 99. 99.8 16 9.3 87.7 85.1 92.9 9.9 97.8 91.4 88.4 17 96.7 96.9. 92.2 94.7 93.3 98.5 94.6 92.7 18 95.4 95.9 91.5 93.9 92.6 97.1 94.2 92.5 19 85.4 9.8 9.5 93.4 9.6 97. 96.2 93.7 11 87.7 91.3 91. 93.4 91.3 97.1 96.3 94.6 111 86.8 9.3 9.2 92.7 9.9 96.6 93.5 91. 112 88.1 9.6 9.6 92.9 91.2 96.7 93.9 91.4 113 93.1 94.2 91.6 94.1 92.5 98. 95.3 93.3 114 79.9 81.2 57.2 85.8 85.8 92 9.3 83.8 115 82.3 85.1 95. 96.8 98.3 97.4 89.1 91.2 116 79.5 84.2 66.7 91.9 94.3 97.3 93.7 93.2 117 81.1 84.7 71.3 9.5 91. 95.2 91.6 91.1 118 79. 84.4 84.6 87.9 88.8 89.8 48.7 54. 119 9. 92.5 9.3 91.7 92. 92.7 79. 71.6 12 97. 97.7 97. 97.8 97.6 99.4 99.5 99.4 121 75.3 74.6 63.4 78.1 77.5 83.9 81.7 76.1 122 63.4 75.9 8.9 71.6 59.3 6.3 63.7 49.6 123 7.8 79.4 86.5 94.4 96. 94.3 72.6 76.1 124 99. 98.9 99.2 99.1 99.3 99.6 98.6 98. 125 99. 99. 99.3 99.1 99.2 99.5 98.7 98.1 126 99.3 99. 96. 86.5 69.9 96.1 92.1 93.2 127 78.1 79.8 8.6 44.4 44.4 77. 77. 89.1 128 77.1 85.3 79.2 88.9 8.2 81.3 84.9 71.5 129 98.4 98.3 98.6 97.3 97.5 99. 98.1 97.7 13 98.5 98.4 97.2 97.5 97.6 99. 98.2 97.9 131 78.4 86. 8.3 88.8 79.4 82.1 85.1 72.7 132 99. 98.9 99.1 98.8 98.6 99.6 98.6 98. 133 99. 99. 99.2 98.8 98.7 99.5 98.7 98.1 134 77.2 84.7 79.4 84.4 76.5 8.6 83.6 75.8 135 94.3 95.7 94.6 95.2 93.1 96.9 96.5 95.3 136 94.9 95.9 95. 95.5 93.7 97. 96.7 95.6 137 67.9 71. 62.4 69. 64.2 67.5 63.2 63.7 138 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 139 98.6 96.9 92.9 99.1 99.1 99.8 99.8 99.2 14 99. 98.2 95.1 99.3 99.3 99.8 99.8 99.3 141 99.1 99.1 99.5 98.3 91.1 96.6 95.6 96.2 142 62.7 62. 44.4 47.5 143 62.6 65.7 51.5 54.8 34.4 41.9 35. 38.2 144 99.2 85.2 96.2 96.1 95.9 62.5 56. 76.9 145 91.6 95.5 93.8 9.9 8. 55.6 3.6 49.2 146 62.5 65.8 49.7 52.7 33.2 4.1 33.5 36.6 147 66.3 64.5 55. 61.3 48.9 64.2 63.4 67.7 394 E
APPENDIX E TABLE E-6 OVERAGE RATIOS FOR MAJOR EXPORT LASSES: EARLIEST AND BASE YEARS or EAU PERIOD (per cent) Export lss 1913 1923 1923 1913 1899 1913 1913 1899 1889-1899 1899 1889 1879 1889 1889 1879 21 93.9 93.9 9.2 98.2 97.6 98.6 98.7 99.8 22 95.9 95.3 92.6 98.2 97.8 98.6 91.2 99.8 23 92. 93.3 9.9 93.4 91.9 96.9 93.9 92. 24 92.3 93.3 91. 93.5 92. 96.9 94.1 92.1 25 93.6 94.6 91.6 96. 94.8 98.2 96.5 97.1 26 94.5 95.1 92.5 96.1 95. 98.2 96.8 97.2 27 92.6 93.5 9.7 95.4 94.3 97.5 95.6 96.4 28 93.8 94.1 91.7 95.6 94.6 97.6 96. 96.6 29 96.6 97.1 96.1 96.9 96. 98.9 97.6 97.4 21 94. 94.7 93.4 95.5 94.1 97.2 96.2 96.1 211 98.5 96.5 98.3 97.1 97.3 96.4 95. 97.2 212 98.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 97.4 96.5 95.4 97.4 213 86.3 91.7 88.1 89.8 79.7 77.7 76.2 66.8 214 66.7 65.7 56.4 63.1 52.3 65. 63.6 67.1 215 67.2 66. 56.8 63.8 53.1 66. 64.7 67.9 216 94.3 94.7 94.6 94.5 91.1 93.8 92.5 93.5 217 94.7 95. 94. 94.8 91.7 94. 92.9 93.9 218 94.1 94.5 93.6 95.2 93.2 95.6 94.2 95.4 219 84.5 85.7 82.3 88.2 84.2 91.1 89.7 92.3 22 83.2 85.6 8.3 87.5 83.3 9.7 88.3 91.5 221 75.1 74.6 68.9 71.2 6. 63.4 6. 66.5 222 74.3 75.5 69.6 72.9 63.2 68.1 65.9 67.6 TABLE E-7 OVERAGE RATIOS FOR INTERMEDIATE IMPORT LASSES: EARLIEST AND BASE YEARS OF EAn PERIOD (per cent) Import lss 1913 1923 1923 1913 1899 1913 1913 1899 1889 1899 1899 1889 1879 1889 1889 1879 11 84.1 91.7 94.4 94.4 94.4 91.2 32.3 19.9 12 73.6 67.1 49.1 63.5 57.4 76.5 84.9 87.2 13 97.5 99. 99. 98.6 98.5 99.2 1. 1. 14 94.1 91.2 88.8 94.1 92.7 95.5 96.9 97.6 15 89.7 89.3 9.5 94.7 93.5 95.9 97.3 97.6 16 92.2 91.3 89.1 94. 92.7 95.3 94.3 94.6 17 89.4 89.5 9.7 94.7 93.5 95.7 94.9 94.8 18 71.1 79.6 84.7 8.7 69.2 66.4 49.5 39.3 19 78.5 76.5 5.5 64.4 63.4 68.9 83.8 85.8 11 96.8 89.1 86.6 96.5 96.6 93.3 99.4 99.4 111 96.8 88.8 87.3 96.6 96.7 93.4 99.3 99.4 112 96.8 89. 87.7 96.6 96.7 93.6 99.3 99.3 113 93.7 87.6 88. 96.6 96.3 92.9 98.8 99. 395
APPENDIX E TABLE E 7 (concluded) Import 1913-1923 1899 1913 1889 1899 1879 1889 lss 1923 1913 1913 1899 1899 1889 1889 1879 114 91.6 95. 91.4 89.9 47.8 42.1 83. 85.9 115 93.8 93.6 96.6 95.8 55.8 49.9 1. 1. 116 74.1 87.8 96.6 94.8 6.8 54.9 1. 1. 117 72.5 83.3 86.2 81.5 52.7 42.4 85.6 89.6 118 95.9 82. 88. 94.1 96.2 92.6 93.5 94.4 119 96. 84. 86.8 91.8 94.6 91.4 93.8 94.8 12 94.1 93.2 96.2 97.6 96.1 97.4 1. 1. 121 65.1 56.2 62.8 61.8 39.5 44.4 4.9 37.5 122 98.8 96.3 96.3 95.9 95.9 93.8 94.1 96.9 123 1. 1. 82.6 83.4 51. 37.2 1. 1. 124 57.3 63. 7.7 83. 73.8 57.2 55.6 79.9 125 98.1 95.2 96.2 96.5 95.9 95.2 96.3 97.8 126 62.6 57.7 64.7 69.6 52.8 52.1 49.9 61.4 127 86.5 77.7 8.4 81.5 71.3 64.8 65.3 7.2 128 95.3 87.9 92.5 95.1 73.1 68.3 97. 97.5 129 97. 91.1 94.2 95.7 83.9 83.8 96.6 97.6 13 95.7 9.1 94.7 96. 84.9 85.5 96.9 97.8 131 96.8 91.4 93.7 99.4 9.3 83.8 96.5 97.7 132 95.5 9.4 94.1 99.4 9.9 85.4 97. 97.8 133 82. 71.8 51.9 54.2 73.3 79.8 61.7 64.9 134 88.2 77.8 62.2 56.7 74.9 81.3 135 54.5 66.6 65.1 65.8 98.6 98. 78.2 8.4 136 91.8 88.3 9.9 92.6 85.4 85.7 93.8 94.7 137 9.9 87.6 91.6 93. 86.2 85.7 94.4 94.9 138 92.3 86.1 68.2 52.2 42.2 41.3 69. 69.7 139 67.6 55.9 64.7 68.2 45.3 46.8 45.2 56.2 14 78.7 78.4 69.5 57.8 67. 62.5 73. 75.1 141 92.1 88.3 87.4 92. 85.6 77.3 89.9 91.3 142 91.3 87.7 88.2 9.8 86.3 78.9 9.7 91.6 143 97.2 99.9 144 78. 8.5 26.1 23.5 145 91.7 92.6 1. 1. 1. 1. 146 9.3 89.3 86.5 86. 59.8 85.7 79.6 9.7 147 2.1 19.2 29.7 49. 19.8 24.3 7.4 15.5 148 88.9 95. 68.3 96.2 85.8 8.8 83. 85.2 149 8.8 78. 61.5 57.3 6.5 77.9 7.6 74.5 15 26.3 9.8 2.4 36.7 18.2 22.5 13.3 21.3 396
APPENDIX E TABLE E-8 OVERAGE RATIOS FOR MAJOR IMPORT LASSES: EARLIEST AND BASE YEARS OF EAH PERIOD (per cent) Import lss 1913 1923 1923 1913 1899 [913 1913 1899 [889 1899 1899 1889 1879 1889 1889 1879 21 92.2 91.2 89.3 94.1 92.8 95.3 93.6 94.3 22 89.5 89.5 9.8 94.7 93.5 95.8 94.2 94.5 23 93.2 87.1 86.8 95.6 95.3 92.3 97. 96.8 24 93.2 87.4 87.2 95.6 95.3 92.5 97. 96.8 25 93.1 89.7 88.6 95.5 94.7 94.1 96.5 96.5 26 91.7 88.8 89.6 95.7 95. 94.6 96.7 96.6 27 92.8 89.4 88.1 95. 94.2 93.8 95.3 95.4 28 91.5 88.6 89.2 95.2 94.5 94.2 95.6 95.5 29 94.5 9.2 91.6 97.2 91. 9. 95.6 96.1 21 87.6 82.1 83.4 88.1 82.2 77.5 81.1 84.4 211 91.6 89.3 87.8 92.9 85.4 85.5 93.4 94.5 212 9.7 88.6 88.6 93.3 86.2 86.7 94.1 94.7 213 86.2 81.2 64.6 57.1 57.8 68.3 7.9 74.2 214 89.7 86.2 78.6 79.5 74.6 77.6 82.9 84.6 215 89.2 85.9 79.4 8.2 75.5 78.7 83.8 85. 216 9.3 87. 82.1 86.1 83.1 85.9 89.4 9.6 217 58.5 46.3 54.8 61. 4.3 42.2 39.7 49.9 218 59. 47.1 55.6 61.6 41.1 43.3 4.9 5.7 219 84.4 79.1 77. 8.8 73.9 74j 79,5 22 56.7 42.7 5.2 6.6 4.4 42.9 4.5 5.1 221 81.8 76. 72.7 78.6 68.8 71.7 7.4 74.7 222 69.4 68.2 56. 58.6 53. 62.1 55.4 59.8 223 71.1 66.4 6.8 62.4 54.6 55.7 52.9 59.8 TABLE E-9 INTERMEDIATE EXPORT LASS OVERAGE AT END OF EAH PERIOD AS PER ENT OF ALULATED OVERAGE ASSUMING No HANGE WITHIN MINOR LASSES Export lss Per ent 1923 1913 1899 1889 11 12.7 11.1 99.4 99.7 12 11.4 1.1 98.9 99.2 13 1.6 1.3 99.2 99.4 14 11.8 1.2 99. 99.4 15 1.9 1.4 99.2 99.5 16 13.4 96.3 96.9 18.5 17 12.9 97.7 97.4 14.6 18 12.1 98.7 97.4 14.2 19 98.3 11.1 93.7 13.6 11 98.9 11.3 94.3 13.4 111 98.8 11.6 94.4 13.7 112 99.3 11.6 94.7 13.5 397
APPEJVDIX E TABLE E 9 (concluded) Export Per ent lss 1923 1913 1899 1889 113 11.3 99.3 96.1 14.1 114 98.9 67.8 97.3 15.7 115 94.7 97.9 11.4 96.7 116 98.1 72.1 95.7 11.3 117 98.1 79.8 99. 11.7 118 89.2 11. 11.3 89.8 119 95.6 1.5 1.7 97.2 12 11. 98.6 99.5 99.9 121 1.2 83.8 93. 17.7 122 83. 13.1 12. 129. 123 86.9 95.4 1.9 94.5 124 99.7 99.8 1.1 99.8 125 99.6 99.9 1.2 99.8 126 1.3 17.4 84.4 98.7 127 1. 1. 1. 1. 128 91.4 89.1 97.2 116.2 129 99.7 99.8 1.1 99.9 13 99.6 98.4 1.2 99.8 131 92. 9.3 96.2 115.5 132 99.7 1. 99.8 99.8 133 99.8 1. 99.9 99.8 134 92.2 9.2 97.3 113.5 135 98.3 98. 99.3 11.3 136 98.4 98.1 99.4 11.2 137 95.3 9. 98.8 17. 138 1. 1. 1. 1. 139 11.1 93.9 99.3 1.5 14 1.8 95.8 99.4 1.5 141 99.9 11.1 94.4 13.2 142 88.4 81.7 143 87.4 88.5 77.5 86.5 144 14.6 1. 1. 1. 145 87.6 1.6 95.2 13.2 146 87.4 88.5 77.5 86.5 147 94.4 9.2-97.6 398
APPE.WDIX E TABLE E-1 MAJOR EXPORT LASs OVERAGE AT END OF EAH PERIOD AS PER ENT OF ALULATED OVERAGE ASSUMING No WITHIN MINOR LASSES Export lss ent 1923 1913 1899 1889 21 11.8 1.1 99. 99.3 22 1.9 1.4 99.2 99.5 23 1.9 1. 96.2 14. 24 11. 1. 96.2 14. 25 11.5 99.6 97.4 12.3 26 11.2 99.8 97.6 12.1 27 11.2 1. 97.4 12.3 28 12.1 1.2 97.6 12.1 29 1.4 99.9 98.2 11. 21 1.1 98.8 98.2 11.7 211 1.6 99.9 1.1 99.8 212 1.4 98.6 1.1 99.8 213 97.2 96.4 95.7 114.6 214 94.6 9.2 91.5 99.2 215 94.8 9.4 91.7 99.3 216 99.5 98.7 98.7 11.3 217 99.5 97.9 98.9 11.2 218 1.4 99.1 98. 11.7 219 11.3 97.1 97.1 11.4 22 98.1 97.1 97.2 11.4 221 97.2 94.8 92.4 98.2 222 96.4 93.9 94.1 13.3 TABLE E 11 INTERMEDIATE IMPORT LASS OVERAGE AT END OF EAH PERiOD AS PER ENT OF ALULATED OVERAGE ASSUMING No HANGE WITHIN MINOR LASSES Import lss Per ent 1923 1913 1899 1889 11 94.7 1.5 12.9 174.6 12 17.1 73.7 87.3 97.6 13 99.2 1.1 99.7 1. 14 1.4 96.3 98.5 99.6 15 99.3 96.9 98.6 99.6 16 99.9 96.6 98.7 1.3 17 98.8 97.1 98.9 1.3 18 91.3 131.5 14.1 12. 19 13.6 74.7 92.2 97.6 11 11.6 94.6 13.7 99.9 111 11.5 95. 14.1 99.9 112 11.5 95.2 14. 99.9 113 1.6 1. 13.8 99.9 114 97.5 99.6 92.1 1. 399
APPENDIX E TABLE E 1 1 (concluded) Import Per ent lss 1923 1913 1899 1889 115 98.1 12.4 92. 1. 116 99.6 12.6 91.2 1. 117 99.3 12.5 91.6 1. 118 11.6 94.5 99.8 95.8 119 1.9 98. 1.2 96. 12 98.7 98.2 98.2 1. 121 113.3 9.3 95,2 12.9 122 99.9 1. 1.4 1. 123 115. 9.8 12.2 1. 124 87. 86.2 147.7 69.1 125 99.7 99.4 99.6 1. 126 14.1 89.1 117.9 77.2 127 11.6 94.7 16.4 86.8 128 1.5 98.6 96.3 98.1 129 1. 99. 98. 99.2 13 99.6 99.1 98.2 99.2 131 99.9 99.8 15.7 99.3 132 99.6 99.8 15.3 99.4 133 111.7 99.3 98.9 93.2 134 16.8 99.5 99.1 135 11.9 14.1 95.5 99.7 136 1.1 99.4 97.8 99.3 137 99.7 99.4 97.9 99.4 138 12.7 98.4 1.3 96.6 139 125.7 93.7 117.9 77.2 14 12.5 1.6 97.1 98.1 141 1.5 99.9 14.3 99. 142 1.2 99.9 14. 99. 143 11.5 144 12. 11.1 145 98.6 1. 1. 146 11.5 99.8 78.1 89.3 147 125. 66.3 87.5 56.3 148 93.9 91.5 1. 1. 149 12.7 12.9 81.6 93. 15 117.6 61.1 78.3 63.4 4
APPEXDIX E TABLE E-12 MAJOR IMPORT LASS OVERAGE AT END OF EAH PERIOD AS PER OP ALULATED OVERAGE ASSUMING No HANGE WITHIN MINOR LASSES Import lss Per ent 1923 1913 1899 1889 21 1.1 13.5 98.7 1.3 22 99.1 97.2 98.8 1.3 23 1.3 99.4 14.1 1.3 24 1.3 99.5 14.1 1.4 25 1.3 98. 11.5 1,1 26 99.8 98.2 11.5 1.1 27 1.2 97.9 11.8 1.3 28 99.8 98.1 11.7 1.3 29 99.9 99. 11. 98.7 21 12.9 98.3 16.1 96.4 211 99.4 98.5 97.9 99.3 212 99.1 98.5 98.1 99.4 213 12.2 13. 84.7 93.9 214 1.3 99.9 93.5 97. 215 1.1 99.9 93,8 97.3 216 1.1 99.2 97.3 98.8 217 129.4 9.1 112. 76.4 218 128.6 9.5 111.5 77.4 219 13.3 97.9 98.8 94.9 22 128.6 9.5 111.5 77.4 221 13.3 98.1 99.3 95. 222 11.1 96.1 83.2 9.5 223 17.5 96.1 96.1 86.2 41