PENTAGON PROTECTION USA

PENTAGON PROTECTION USA Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 San Antonio, Texas ABS Consulting Project Number 2127174 ABSG Consulting, Inc. 14607 San Pedro, Suite 215 San Antonio, TX 78232 USA Tel: 210-495-5195 Fax: 210-495-5134 www.absconsulting.com

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 Table of Contents Introduction...3 Test Approach...3 Test Specimens...4 Test Fixtures...6 Test Procedure...7 Results...8 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Window Data Sheets Testing Photographs Summary Tables 2

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 Introduction ABSG Consulting, Inc. (ABS Consulting) has conducted testing of window systems upgrades for Pentagon Protection USA (Pentagon Protection). The tests were conducted in accordance with testing protocol in ASTM F1642-04 1 and US General Services Administration (GSA) 2. The windows consisted of single pane commercial windows retrofitted with four sided anchored film. The film anchorage system consisted of Pentagon Protection s Elite Glass Security Seal attachment with 3M ST1200 tape. The objective of the testing was to certify the performance of windows upgraded with Pentagon Protection s Glass Security Seal, when subjected to blast loads resulting from attack scenarios defined by the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3 and GSA. Testing was conducted at the ABS Consulting facilities in San Antonio, Texas, USA March 17-18, 2009. Test Approach Blast loads were applied using a shock tube as shown in Figure 1. This device uses a sudden burst of compressed air to create a blast pulse, which travels down the tube and is applied to the test specimen which is secured to the end of the tube. An enclosure (test cubicle) is attached to the end of the tube. The blast load creates a specified positive blast pressure and impulse on the test specimens. Negative phase blast loads may occur but the system is not designed to produce a negative pulse typical of a high explosive load. Testing commenced with blast loads designed to meet the various threat standoff combinations as described in the UFC. The same blast pressure was applied to each specimen. 1 ASTM Standard, F 1642-04, Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings, ASTM Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.07, March 2004. 2 US General Services Administration (GSA), GSA-TS01-2003, Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Dynamic Overpressure Loadings, GSA, January, 2003. 3 Department of Defense (DoD), Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) UFC4-010-01, DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings, DoD, October 2003. 3

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 Figure 1. ABS Consulting Shock Tube Apparatus Test Specimens Pentagon Protection provided the window systems fully assembled with a four sided anchored film system pre-installed. ABS Consulting personnel measured framing, glazing and film dimensions and confirmed glass type for each window assembly. The window glazing for each of the tests consisted of annealed monolithic glass in a single ¼-inch pane. 3M Ultra 6-mil fragment retaining film was bonded to the interior face of the windows. The film was anchored to the frame using a proprietary product developed by Pentagon Protection USA called Elite Glass Security Seal (GSS). This anchoring system consists of three attachment legs as detailed in Figure 2. One was inserted in place of the interior dry glazing gasket. The remaining two were bonded to the frame and film using 3M ST1200 tape. Window frame assemblies were rigidly supported along the head and sill of the window frame. Steel angles and plates were used to support the framing to prevent lateral displacement. This configuration simulates a fully anchored window system installed in the field. Figure 3 shows a typical Pentagon Protection test window mounted in the ABS shock tube. A close-up view of the shock tube mounting restraint is shown in Figure 4. 4

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 Figure 2. GSS Film Anchoring Detail Figure 3. Window Mounted in Test Fixture 5

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 Figure 4. Close-up View of Mounting Restraint Test Fixtures The test enclosure, nominally 10 feet deep, 10 feet wide and 10 feet tall, was placed flush with the end of the tube. A bulkhead plate on the end of the tube prevented blast pressures from wrapping around the structure and reaching the back side of the window. This represents a typical window installation on an exterior wall. A witness panel was provided on the back wall to detect the impact of glass shards. Composition of the witness panel was in accordance with ASTM-1642. Five dynamic pressure sensors (gauges 1-5) measuring applied pressure were mounted on the shock tube bulkhead facing the oncoming blast wave, immediately adjacent to the test specimen (see Figure 5). A single pressure sensor (gauge 6) was also mounted inside the test cubicle to measure pressure changes. Dynamic pressure sensors were selected based on rise time and frequency response and calibrated for a 0-10 psi peak pressure range. Pressure waveforms were recorded by a Yokagawa digital data acquisition system sampling at a minimum of 1000 khz. 6

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 Figure 5. Pressure Gauge Locations Test Procedure Testing was conducted in accordance with ASTM F1642-04 and the GSA Standard Test Method for Windows and Glazing Systems Subject to Dynamic Overpressure Loadings dated January 1, 2003. The objective of the testing is to determine the performance of the windows as defined in Table 2.1 and 2.2 in the UFC. Blast loads varied by test and were selected to encompass specified charge weights and standoffs as defined by the UFC and GSA. Actual applied loads are included in the appendices. Window performance conditions were assigned in accordance with the performance criteria in ASTM 1642 and the GSA test protocol. Ambient and glass temperatures were recorded at 30 minutes and 5 minutes prior to each test. Photographs were taken of test specimens and the test setup prior to and following each test to document window performance. Appendix B contains photographs taken of the test specimen throughout the testing. Normal speed (30 pps) and high speed video (1000 pps) were also recorded for each test. The normal speed video is submitted with this report. Following each test, glass fragments were collected and the unified dimensions of fragments projected into the test cubicle were determined for classification per the ASTM 1642 protocol. Fragments striking and embedding in the witness panel were collected and documented. Frame deformations were recorded and performance of framing was documented. Hazard Ratings and Performance Conditions for each test item were assigned and recorded in accordance with ASTM 1642-04 and the GSA criteria as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, respectively. 7

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 Figure 6. ASTM F1642-04 Performance Criteria Figure 7. GSA Performance Conditions Results Appendix A contains a data sheet for each test specimen. The data sheet includes the following information: Detailed description of the unit including the frame, glazing, and attachment into the shock tube. Description of the test conditions. Detailed description of the performance condition for both ASTM and GSA criteria. A pretest and post test photograph. A graph of the applied blast history. Appendix B contains a photographic log for each test. Appendix C summarizes the loads and window responses. 8

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 All tests were conducted with the Elite GSS attachment system installed on all 4-sides. Each window was filmed with 3M Ultra 6-mil film. The applied load was the pressure and impulse generated by the UFC Charge Weight II at 82-ft of standoff. The anchoring system retained the glass fragments and resulted in an ASTM certification of Minimal Hazard. ASTM certification resulting from shock tube tests performed for this project is listed below. Three samples of the window retrofit system were tested in accordance with the ASTM -1642 test method to permit certification. Minimal Hazard Elite GSS with 3M Ultra 6-mil film (3M ST1200 Tape) Approved: Jerry Collinsworth Lead Engineer Extreme Loads and Structural Risk San Antonio, Texas 9

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 Appendix A Window Data Sheets

Pretest Information Test Information Client: Model Number: SPECIMEN Number: Description: Test Date: Test Number: Project Number Report Date Test Location: Test Director: ABS Shock Tube Testing Report Pentagon Protection GSS w/ 3M ST1200 3 6mil 4-Sided Anchored Film 3/17/2009 3 2127174 Mar-09 ABS Test Range Jerry Collinsworth Test Method: Notes: GSA "Standard Testing Method for Windows and Glazing Systems Subject to Dynamic Overpressure Loadings" ASTM F-1642-04 "Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subjected to Airblast Loadings" Elite Glass Security Seal (GSS) w/ 3M ST1200 adhesive tape (4-sides) 3M Ultra 6 mil Film No Silicone Attachment Frame Information Glazing Information Width (in): 47.00 Multiple Lites? No Height (in): 68.00 Lite 1 Lite 2 Lite 3 Frame Width (in): 4.50 Width (in): 43.50 Material: Aluminum Height (in): 64.38 Frame Support: Captured along head & sill IGU? No Air Gap: in steel sub-frame. Temperature 30 min 5min Thickness (in): 1/4" Ambient (F): 78 77 Glass Type: Monolithic Annealed Glass Surface (F): 78 77 Notes: Elite GSS replaces interior dry gasket. 3M ST1200 tape 13mm wide. UFC Charge Weight II at 82-ft Blast Pressure Information Gauge Number 1 2 3 4 5 Average Cubicle Peak Reflected Pressure (psi) 6.0 5.4 6.0 5.6 5.8 5.8 0.50 Positive Phase Impulse (psi-ms) 33.6 32.6 32.9 32.8 32.2 32.8 Positive Phase Duration (ms) 20.2 19.9 20.0 20.5 19.7 20.1 Glazing Damage Summary Notes: United Dimension (in): 0-40 in 40-120 in Dusting None 0 0 Interior Perimeter Sum Tears and Pullout (%): 6.5 0 6.5 Witness Panel Perforations/Indents: Witness Panel Penetrations: Low Hazard/Zone 4 None None High Hazard/Zone 5 None None Notes: Glass Security Seal pealed off frame in several localized areas. Small tears in corners of film. Dusting in cubicle. GSA Performance Condition: 2 ASTM F-1642 Hazard Level: Minimal Hazard Test Certification GSA Performance Condition: 3B Certified for Test Pressure per ASTM F1642: No Test Number: 3 ASTM F-1642 Hazard Level: Minimal Other Test No.: 4, 5 A - 2

Photographs and Blast Trace Pre-Test Photograph Post-Test Photograph Blast Trace A - 3

Pretest Information Test Information Client: Model Number: SPECIMEN Number: Description: Test Date: Test Number: Project Number Report Date Test Location: Test Director: ABS Shock Tube Testing Report Pentagon Protection GSS w/ 3M ST1200 4 6mil 4-Sided Anchored Film 3/17/2009 4 2127174 Mar-09 ABS Test Range Jerry Collinsworth Test Method: Notes: GSA "Standard Testing Method for Windows and Glazing Systems Subject to Dynamic Overpressure Loadings" ASTM F-1642-04 "Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subjected to Airblast Loadings" Elite Glass Security Seal (GSS) w/ 3M ST1200 adhesive tape (4-sides) 3M Ultra 6 mil Film No Silicone Attachment Frame Information Glazing Information Width (in): 47.00 Multiple Lites? No Height (in): 68.00 Lite 1 Lite 2 Lite 3 Frame Width (in): 4.50 Width (in): 43.50 Material: Aluminum Height (in): 64.38 Frame Support: Captured along head & sill IGU? No Air Gap: in steel sub-frame. Temperature 30 min 5min Thickness (in): 1/4" Ambient (F): 78 77 Glass Type: Monolithic Annealed Glass Surface (F): 78 77 Notes: Elite GSS replaces interior dry gasket. 3M ST1200 tape 13mm wide. UFC Charge Weight II at 82-ft Blast Pressure Information Gauge Number 1 2 3 4 5 Average Cubicle Peak Reflected Pressure (psi) 6.3 5.9 5.7 6.1 5.5 5.9 0.70 Positive Phase Impulse (psi-ms) 34.4 33.4 33.7 33.8 33.4 33.7 Positive Phase Duration (ms) 20.3 19.7 19.9 20.2 19.9 20.0 Glazing Damage Summary Notes: United Dimension (in): 0-40 in 40-120 in Small Fragments None 3.5 <10" Interior Perimeter Sum Tears and Pullout (%): 8.8 0 8.8 Witness Panel Perforations/Indents: Witness Panel Penetrations: Low Hazard/Zone 4 None None High Hazard/Zone 5 None None Notes: Glass Security Seal did not release from frame. Tearing occurred in corners of film. Majority of fragments thrown less than 40" into cubicle. Farthest fragment at 74-inch. GSA Performance Condition: 3B ASTM F-1642 Hazard Level: Minimal Hazard Test Certification GSA Performance Condition: 3B Certified for Test Pressure per ASTM F1642: No Test Number: 4 ASTM F-1642 Hazard Level: Minimal Other Test No.: 3, 5 A - 4

Photographs and Blast Trace Pre-Test Photograph Post-Test Photograph Blast Trace A - 5

Pretest Information Test Information Client: Model Number: SPECIMEN Number: Description: Test Date: Test Number: Project Number Report Date Test Location: Test Director: ABS Shock Tube Testing Report Pentagon Protection GSS w/ 3M ST1200 5 6mil 4-Sided Anchored Film 3/17/2009 5 2127174 Mar-09 ABS Test Range Jerry Collinsworth Test Method: Notes: GSA "Standard Testing Method for Windows and Glazing Systems Subject to Dynamic Overpressure Loadings" ASTM F-1642-04 "Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subjected to Airblast Loadings" Elite Glass Security Seal (GSS) w/ 3M ST1200 adhesive tape (4-sides) 3M Ultra 6 mil Film No Silicone Attachment Frame Information Glazing Information Width (in): 47.00 Multiple Lites? No Height (in): 68.00 Lite 1 Lite 2 Lite 3 Frame Width (in): 4.50 Width (in): 43.50 Material: Aluminum Height (in): 64.38 Frame Support: Captured along head & sill IGU? No Air Gap: in steel sub-frame. Temperature 30 min 5min Thickness (in): 1/4" Ambient (F): 78 79 Glass Type: Monolithic Annealed Glass Surface (F): 82 83 Notes: Elite GSS replaces interior dry gasket. 3M ST1200 tape 13mm wide. UFC Charge Weight II at 82-ft Blast Pressure Information Gauge Number 1 2 3 4 5 Average Cubicle Peak Reflected Pressure (psi) 6.2 5.7 5.7 6.3 5.5 5.9 0.60 Positive Phase Impulse (psi-ms) 33.3 32.5 32.4 32.7 32.7 32.7 Positive Phase Duration (ms) 20.1 20.4 19.7 20.2 20.0 20.1 Glazing Damage Summary Notes: United Dimension (in): 0-40 in 40-120 in Small Fragments None <10" 0 Interior Perimeter Sum Tears and Pullout (%): 10 0.5 10.5 Witness Panel Perforations/Indents: Witness Panel Penetrations: Low Hazard/Zone 4 None None High Hazard/Zone 5 None None Notes: Glass Security Seal did not release from frame. Tearing occurred in corners of film. No fragments thrown over 40" into cubicle. Farthest fragment at 24-inch. GSA Performance Condition: 3A ASTM F-1642 Hazard Level: Minimal Hazard Test Certification GSA Performance Condition: 3B Certified for Test Pressure per ASTM F1642: No Test Number: 5 ASTM F-1642 Hazard Level: N/A Other Test No.: 3, 4 A - 6

Photographs and Blast Trace Pre-Test Photograph Post-Test Photograph Blast Trace A - 7

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 Appendix B Testing Photographs

Pre Test 03 B - 2

Post Test 03 B - 3

Pre Test 04 B - 4

Post Test 04 B - 5

Pre Test 05 B - 6

Post Test 05 B - 7

Pentagon Protection USA - Shock Tube Testing for Window Systems March 2009 ABS Project Number 2127174 Appendix C Summary Tables

Table 1. Response Summary Test Number Date 3 3/18/2009 4 3/18/2009 5 3/18/2009 Window Description Single Pane Fixed Lite Single Pane Fixed Lite Single Pane Fixed Lite * Tested for UFC Applicable Explosive Charge Weight II. Anchoring System (4-sided) Elite GSS 3M ST1200 Tape Elite GSS 3M ST1200 Tape Elite GSS 3M ST1200 Tape Film Type 3M Ultra 6-mil 3M Ultra 6-mil 3M Ultra 6-mil Glazing Description 1/4-inch Annealed Glass 1/4-inch Annealed Glass 1/4-inch Annealed Glass Frame Width inch Frame Height inch Glazing Response ASTM GSA F1642 47.00 68.00 2 Minimal * 47.00 68.00 3B Minimal * 47.00 68.00 3A Minimal * C - 2

Pressure (psi) Impulse (psi-msec) Average Test Date Time Gauge 1 Gauge 2 Gauge 3 Gauge 4 Gauge 5 Gauge 1 Gauge 2 Gauge 3 Gauge 4 Gauge 5 P (psi) I (psi*msec) 3 3/18/2009 11:30 AM 6.0 5.4 6.0 5.6 5.8 33.6 32.6 32.9 32.8 32.2 5.8 32.8 4 3/18/2009 3:30 PM 6.3 5.9 5.7 6.1 5.5 34.4 33.4 33.7 33.8 33.4 5.9 33.7 5 3/18/2009 4:10 PM 6.2 5.7 5.7 6.3 5.5 33.3 32.5 32.4 32.7 32.7 5.9 32.7 C - 3