Damian Evans, Colyer Fehr Tallow Pty Limited. Australian Tallow: Back to the future for prices and destinations?

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Damian Evans, Colyer Fehr Tallow Pty Limited Australian Tallow: Back to the future for prices and destinations?

Bulk Parcel Tankers

Australian Rendering Figures ITEM 2013 SURVEY 2011 SURVEY 2001 SURVEY RENDERING ESTABLISHMENTS 78 81 120 TALLOW PRODUCTION (M/T) 532,110 487,000 567,200 POULTRY OIL PRODUCTION (M/T) 66,220 59,700 25,700 TOTAL TALLOW & POULTRY OIL (M/T) 598,330 546,700 592,900 EXPORTS (BASICALLY ALL TALLOW) 428,700 362,200 DOMESTIC USE (TALLOW & POULTRY OIL) 169,630 184,500 TOTAL (M/T) 598,330 546,700 TALLOW'S EXPORT % 80.57% 66.25% SOURCE : AUSTRALIAN RENDERERS ASSOCIATION INC.

Domestic Consumption of Australia Tallow DOMESTIC USE 2013 2011 DOMESTIC OLEOCHEMICAL & INDUSTRIAL 10,000 50,000 DOMESTIC EDIBLE APPLICATIONS 35,000 35,000 DOMESTIC INTENSIVE ANIMAL PRODUCTION 45,000 40,000 DOMESTIC AQUACULTURE FEEDS 20,000 18,000 DOMESTIC PETFOOD 28,000 25,000 DOMESTIC BIODIESEL AND FUEL 30,000 15,000 OTHER 1,630 1,500 TOTAL 169,630 184,500 SOURCE : AUSTRALIAN RENDERERS ASSOCIATION INC.

Tallow Exports by Major Suppliers (2000-2005) TALLOW EXPORTS BY MAJOR SUPPLIERS 2000-2005 COUNTRY 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 UNITED STATES 915,879 781,383 1,034,398 904,673 853,015 790,204 AUSTRALIA 384,099 414,962 340,901 384,758 396,129 376,064 CANADA 227,099 252,480 245,243 173,433 289,432 227,654 NEW ZEALAND 117,421 125,045 114,180 136,337 143,760 142,493 BRAZIL 146 22,974 13,352 4,259 46,347 44,491 TOTAL OF THE FIVE 1,644,644 1,596,844 1,748,074 1,603,460 1,728,683 1,580,906 AUSTRALIA'S % OF THE BIG FIVE 23.35% 25.99% 19.50% 24.00% 22.92% 23.79% SOURCE : SWISHER K.J., THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR RENDERED PRODUCTS

Tallow & Grease Exports by Five Key Countries (2011-2013) TALLOW & GREASE EXPORTS BY FIVE KEY COUNTRIES COUNTRY 2011 2012 2013 UNITED STATES 1,018,000 706,000 605,000 AUSTRALIA 369,000 364,000 435,000 CANADA 145,000 166,000 139,000 NEW ZEALAND 125,000 141,000 128,000 PARAGUAY 11,000 14,000 29,000 TOTAL OF THE FIVE 1,668,000 1,391,000 1,336,000 AUSTRALIA'S % OF THE BIG FIVE 22.12% 26.17% 32.56% SOURCE : OILWORLD

USA & Australian Tallow Exports (2012-2014) US FAT EXPORTS ITEM 2012 2013 2014 USA - EDIBLE TALLOW EXPORTS 75,310 71,396 40,988 USA - INEDIBLE TALLOW EXPORTS 486,223 384,180 402,799 TOAL USA TALLOW EXPORTS 561,533 455,576 443,787 AUSTRALIA 364,000 435,000 NOT LESS THAN 2013 SOURCE : JACOBSEN REPORT

China s Tallow Imports by Origin (2003-2010) CHINA'S TALLOW IMPORTS BY ORIGIN COUNTRY 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 AUSTRALIA 141,963 217,636 189,786 207,424 255,000 262,468 231,896 222,625 NEW ZEALAND 78,961 90,906 96,980 110,762 107,600 109,503 105,199 97,269 OTHERS 80,897 2,345 290 0 0 0 220 7,071 TOTAL 301,821 310,887 287,056 318,186 362,600 371,971 337,315 326,965 AUST'S % SHARE OF CHINA IMPORTS 47.04% 70.00% 66.11% 65.19% 70.33% 70.56% 68.75% 68.09% SOURCE : JI, F., CHINA DEMAND FOR RENDERED PRODUCTS

BIOFUELS IN THE USA (RFS = RENEWABLE FUEL STANDARD) RFS 1: ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005 BIODIESEL BLENDERS TAX CREDIT 2005: $1.00 PER GALLON RFS 2: ENERGY INDEPENDENCE & SECURITY ACT (EISA) OF 2007 RINS = RENEWABLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER RFS 2: RELEASED 3 FEBRUARY 2010 USA EPA ARE IN CHARGE OF RFS 2 RFS 2: SEGMENTED BIOFUELS INTO FOUR CLASSES: MANDATES WERE SET AGAINST FUTURE YEARS FORECASTS * CELLULOSE BIOFUELS * BIO BASED DIESEL * ADVANCED FUELS * RENEWABLE FUELS MANDATE ANNUAL REVIEW PROCESS: NOT OVERLY ACTIVE GFC / CASH FOR CLUNKERS 2013 ETHANOL BLEND WALL FEARS

Australian Tallow Export Destinations (2011-2013) AUSTRALIAN TALLOW EXPORT DESTINATIONS COUNTRY 2011 2012 2013 CHINA 183,000 109,000 58,000 SINGAPORE 97,000 123,000 309,000 TAIWAN 39,000 46,000 23,000 PAKISTAN 20,000 23,000 13,000 SOUTH KOREA 12,000 21,000 14,000 SOUTH AFRICA 3,000 3,000 0 JAPAN 1,000 4,000 1,000 NEPAL 3,000 3,000 2,000 TURKEY 0 14,000 7,000 NIGERIA 0 8,000 0 OTHER COUNTRIES 11,000 10,000 8,000 TOTAL 369,000 364,000 435,000 SOURCE : OILWORLD

Tallow China/Singapore AUSTRALIAN TALLOW EXPORT (CHINA / SINGAPORE) COUNTRY 2011 2012 2013 CHINA 183,000 109,000 58,000 SINGAPORE 97,000 123,000 309,000 TOTAL TALLOW IMPORTS OF CHINA AND SINGAPORE COUNTRY 2011 2012 2013 CHINA 273,000 205,000 133,000 SINGAPORE 124,000 168,000 397,000 CHINA'S TALLOW IMPORTS (FROM JI, F.) ITEM 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 AUSTRALIA 141,963 217,636 189,786 207,424 255,000 262,468 231,896 222,625 ALL COUNTRIES 301,821 310,887 287,056 318,186 362,600 371,971 337,315 326,965 SOURCE : OILWORLD

Dec 2006 Mar 2007 Jun 2007 Sep 2007 Dec 2007 Mar 2008 Jun 2008 Sep 2008 Dec 2008 Mar 2009 Jun 2009 Sep 2009 Dec 2009 Mar 2010 Jun 2010 Sep 2010 Dec 2010 Mar 2011 Jun 2011 Sep 2011 Dec 2011 Mar 2012 Jun 2012 Sep 2012 Dec 2012 Mar 2013 Jun 2013 Sep 2013 Dec 2013 Mar 2014 Jun 2014 Sep 2014 Dec 2014 Mar 2015 USD PMT PRICE COMPARISON - ALL PRICES IN USD (2006-2015) 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 RBD PALM OLEIN FOB RBD PALM STEARINE FOB CBOT SBO 2% TALLOW FOB EAST AUST. 0 MONTH

Dec 2006 Mar 2007 Jun 2007 Sep 2007 Dec 2007 Mar 2008 Jun 2008 Sep 2008 Dec 2008 Mar 2009 Jun 2009 Sep 2009 Dec 2009 Mar 2010 Jun 2010 Sep 2010 Dec 2010 Mar 2011 Jun 2011 Sep 2011 Dec 2011 Mar 2012 Jun 2012 Sep 2012 Dec 2012 Mar 2013 Jun 2013 Sep 2013 Dec 2013 Mar 2014 Jun 2014 Sep 2014 Dec 2014 Mar 2015 USD PMT PRICE COMPARISON - ALL PRICES IN USD - RBD PALM STEARINE AND 2% TALLOW FOB (2007-2015) 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 RBD PALM STEARINE FOB 2% TALLOW FOB EAST AUST. 0 MONTH

Jan 2011 Mar 2011 May 2011 Jul 2011 Sep 2011 Nov 2011 Jan 2012 Mar 2012 May 2012 Jul 2012 Sep 2012 Nov 2012 Jan 2013 Mar 2013 May 2013 Jul 2013 Sep 2013 Nov 2013 Jan 2014 Mar 2014 May 2014 Jul 2014 Sep 2014 Nov 2014 Jan 2015 Mar 2015 USD PMT PRICE COMPARISON - ALL PRICES IN USD - RBD PALM TEARINE AND 2% TALLOW (2011-2015) 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 RBD PALM STEARINE FOB 2% TALLOW FOB EAST AUST. 0 MONTH

Biofuel Report 2 April 2014 SOURCE : ARGUS MEDIA

Dec-06 Feb-07 Apr-07 Jun-07 Aug-07 Oct-07 Dec-07 Feb-08 Apr-08 Jun-08 Aug-08 Oct-08 Dec-08 Feb-09 Apr-09 Jun-09 Aug-09 Oct-09 Dec-09 Feb-10 Apr-10 Jun-10 Aug-10 Oct-10 Dec-10 Feb-11 Apr-11 Jun-11 Aug-11 Oct-11 Dec-11 Feb-12 Apr-12 Jun-12 Aug-12 Oct-12 Dec-12 Feb-13 Apr-13 Jun-13 Aug-13 Oct-13 Dec-13 Feb-14 Apr-14 Jun-14 Aug-14 Oct-14 Dec-14 Feb-15 AUD PMT EAST COAST AUST. - 2% TALLOW PRICES - IN AUD - DELIVERED IN STORE - DEC. 2006 TO MAR 2015 1300 1250 1200 1150 1100 1050 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 AUD PMT DIS MONTH

Free Trade Agreement China & Australia AUSTRALIA - CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT CURRENT CHINESE IMPORT DUTY ON AUSTRALIAN TALLOW IS LEVIED AT 4% EVEN THOUGH WE PAY A 4% TARIFF, THE OFFICIAL RATE IS 8% REDUCTIONS AS FOLLOWS : ON SIGNING : DROP FROM 8% TO 6% BUT WE STILL INCUR 4% YEAR 2 : DROP FROM 6% TO 4% BUT WE STILL INCUR 4% YEAR 3 : DROP FROM 4% TO 2% YEAR 4 : 0% SOURCE : ARA/DFAT

References: CONFERENCE PAPER : PALM OIL CONSUMPTION OUTLOOK AND PALM OIL MILLING BY-PRODUCTS FGV EXPERIENCE, BY DATO IR JAMLUS AZIZ, HEAD OF PLANTATIONS (MALAYSIA), FELDA GLOBAL VENTURES PLANTATIONS (M) AUSTRALIAN RENDERERS ASSOCIATION : RENDERING FACTS 2013, 2011 WOODRUFF STREET DEVELOPMENTS PTY LTD : INFORMATION E-MAIL ON THE SALE OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENT OF SYMEX PORT MELBOURNE SITE SWISHER K.J., THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR RENDERED PRODUCTS JI, F., CHINA DEMAND FOR RENDERED PRODUCTS, GARDNER SMITH COMMODITIES TRADING SHANGHAI CO. LTD, ARA SYDNEY SYMPOSIUM, JULY 2011 WWW.NESTE.COM WWW.THEICCT.ORG : THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF CLEAN TRANSPORTATION : VARIOUS ATRICLES. WWW.GREENTECHMEDIA.COM : U.S. BIODIESEL LIVES TO SEE ANOTHER DAY : TAX CREDIT BACK ARGUS BIOFUEL OILWORLD WWW.KINGSMAN.COM : MONTHLY EDITORIAL : 18 JANURY 2013