The Role of VI Improvers in the Formulation of Fuel Efficient Engine Oils with Long Drain Intervals Yasushi Naitoh, Evonik Degussa Japan Co., Ltd Frank Lauterwasser, Phil Hutchinson, Christoph Wincierz, Steffen Ulzheimer and David Gray, Inc KSTLE Lubricants SYMPOSIUM 2012 18-19 19 October
Page 2/28 Contents 1) Importance of Fuel Economy 2) Which Parameter Influence FE 3) Comb Polymers 4) Blend Study 5) Results from NEDC FE Testing 6) Summary and Conclusion
Importance of Fuel Economy Consumer: EPA New Fuel Economy Label KSTLE Lubricants SYMPOSIUM 2012 18-19 October Page 3/28 Comparable Fuel Economy Source: New Label Gasoline Vehicles, EPA-420-F-11-017, May 2011 CO2 Emissions Information Smart phone interac tive tool This new label provides more comprehensive fuel efficiency information and five-year fuel costs or savings compared with the average vehicle, as well as environment impact information
Page 4/28 Historical fleet CO2 emissions performance and current or proposed standards Grams CO 2 per Kilometer normalized to NEDC 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 Solid dots and lines: historical performance Solid dots and dashed lines: enacted targets Solid dots and dotted lines: proposed targets Hollow dots and dotted lines: targ et under study S. K orea 2015: 153 Mexico 2016: 173 Canada 2016:170 China 2020: 117 Japan 2020: 105 EU 2020: 95 40 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 US 2025:107 US-LDV Canada-LDV [1] China's target reflects gasoline vehicles only. The target may be lower a er new energy vehicles are considered. [2] US, Canada, and Mexico light-duty vehicles include light-commercial vehicles. Source: ICCT, Global Comparison of Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy/GHG Emissions Standards, Update: June 2012 EU Japan China S. Korea Australia Mexico
Page 5/28 Historical fleet fuel economy performance and current or proposed standards Miles per Gasoline Gallon norm alized to CAFE Test Cycle 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 Solid dots and lines: historical perform ance Solid dots and dashed lines: enacted targets Solid dots and dotted lines: proposed targets Hollow dots and dotted lines: target under study Korea 2015: 39.3 Mexico 2016: 35.1 Canada 2016: 34.5 EU 2020: 60.6 Japan 2020: 55.1 China 2020 [1] : 50.1 20 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 US 2025 [2] : 49.1 [1] China's target reflects gasoline vehicles only. The target may be higher a er new energy vehicles are considered. [2] US, Canada, and Mexico light-duty vehicles include light-commercial vehicles. US-LDV Canada-LDV EU Japan China S. Korea Australia Mexico Source: ICCT, Global Comparison of Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy/GHG Emissions Standards, Update: June 2012
How to Measure Fuel Economy Current Status per Region Speed(km/h)/Oil Temp(C) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Speed Oil Temp 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Time(s) JP 10.15 mode (Old) Source: Akiyama et.al.,sae932690 City EPA Combined FE = 1/(0.55/FE[City] + 0.45/FE[Highway]) Spped(km/h)/Oil Temp(C) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Speed Oil Temp 1st(Cold) Oil Temp 2nd(Hot) 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 Time(s) JP JC08 mode (Current) Source: Naitoh, SAE Asia 2009 Open Forum, March 4, 2009 KSTLE Lubricants SYMPOSIUM 2012 18-19 October FE = 1/(0.25/FE[Cold] + 0.75/FE[Hot]) NEDC Source: Ando, Lubricants Russia 2010 Page 6/28
Page 7/28 Contents 1) Importance of Fuel Economy 2) Which Parameter Influence FE 3) Comb Polymers 4) Blend Study 5) Results from NEDC FE Testing 6) Summary and Conclusion
Page 8/28 Which Parameter Influence Fuel Economy Sheared high temperature (KV100) viscosity HTHS at various temperatures KV40 DI package chemistries Friction modifier Viscosity modifier High VI polymers, high VI PAMA Key is viscosity (plus e.g. FM) However, correlation between these parameters and real life improvements in Fuel Economy is not straightforward
Page 9/28 Contents 1) Importance of Fuel Economy 2) Which Parameter Influence FE 3) Comb Polymers 4) Blend Study 5) Results from NEDC FE Testing 6) Summary and Conclusion
Page 10/28 Comb Polymer linear star network comb hyperbranched
Page 11/28 Improved V/T Performance of Comb vs. PAMA at Same PSSI collapsed PAMA log log (KV/cst +0.8) base oil expanded PAMA log T/K collapsed comb expanded comb
Page 12/28 Benefit of the V/T Improvement for Engine Oil Application Lowering viscosity to achieve FE, while keep engine durability
Page 13/28 Contents 1) Importance of Fuel Economy 2) Which Parameter Influence FE 3) Comb Polymers 4) Blend Study 5) Results from NEDC FE Testing 6) Summary and Conclusion
Page 14/28 Targets for Blend Study Investigate the role of VI improve to formulate fuel efficient engine oils HTHS limit at 150C 2.6; 2.9; 3.5 mpas NOACK limit DI package A Group III base oil Different VIIs Different SSI Different chemistry Formulated fluids which best Viscosity/Temperature (V/T) performance
Page 15/28 Investigated VII for Blend Study VII SSI* Architecture Base stock: Grouplll Comb 4 DI package A PAMA 23, 45 dpama 45 HE-OCP 25 LE-OCP 25 HIS Star 25 * Bosch 30 cycle
Page 16/28 Blend Study Part 1 Comb and PAMA lowest KV 40C at given/different HTHS level
Page 17/28 Blend Study Part 2 Comb and PAMA lowest KV 100C & HTHSV 100C at given HTHS level
Blend Study Part 3 Comb lowest HTHSV 100C at given HTHS level although almost no vis. down by permanent share KSTLE Lubricants SYMPOSIUM 2012 18-19 October Page 18/28
Page 19/28 Contents 1) Importance of Fuel Economy 2) Which Parameter Influence FE 3) Comb Polymers 4) Blend Study 5) Results from NEDC FE Testing 6) Summary and Conclusion
Page 20/28 Car for NEDC Testing Daimler CGI 350
Page 21/28 How to Measure Fuel Economy EU: NEDC
Page 22/28 Repeatability of Test
Page 23/28 Blend Data for NEDC Testing
Page 24/28 Fuel Economy Data NEDC
Page 25/28 Fuel Economy Improvement vs Oil Viscosity FEI% 1 0.5 0-0.5-1 -1.5 R 2 = 0.3789 FEI% vs KV100C 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 KV100C,mm 2 /s * All of Oils HTHSV150C were set to 3.5mPa.s FEI% FEI% FEI% vs KV40C 1 0.5 0-0.5 R 2 = 0.7567-1 -1.5 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 KV40C, mm 2 /s 1 0.5 0-0.5-1 -1.5 R 2 = 0.0901 FEI% vs CCSV 3800 4300 4800 5300 5800 CCSV-30C, mpa.s
Page 26/28 Contents 1) Importance of Fuel Economy 2) Which Parameter Influence FE 3) Comb Polymers 4) Blend Study 5) Results from NEDC FE Testing 6) Summary and Conclusion
Page 27/28 Summary and Conclusion FE hot topic for the whole industry from OEM to consumer Different ways to measure FE World harmonized test in the future? Different parameter are important for FE Lowering viscosity is key for FE more accepted through the industry Lower viscosities over viscosity range and keep HTHS level high (high VI) FE ranking: Comb > PAMA > LE-OCP > HIS Star Future: oil is seen as a design element for new engine technologies
Page 28/28 This information and all further technical advice is based on our present knowledge and experience. However, they imply no liability or other legal responsibility on our part, including with regard to existing third party intellectual property rights, especially patent rights. In particular, no warranty, whether express or implied, or guarantee of product properties in the legal sense is intended or implied. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to conduct careful inspection and testing of incoming goods. Performance of the product described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out only by qualified experts in the sole responsibility of the customer. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it imply that similar products could not be used.