Foothill Transit Battery Electric Bus Performance Results Leslie Eudy Matt Jeffers EV Summit, Cocoa Beach, Florida October 18, 2016
Presentation Outline NREL overview Zero emission bus (ZEB) evaluation objectives Foothill Transit Battery Electric Bus (BEB) project overview BEB performance data Remaining challenges and barriers for ZEBs Status of new BEB evaluations 2
NREL Snapshot Dedicated Solely to Advancing Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Leading clean-energy innovation for more than 37 years ~1,760 employees with world-class facilities Campus is a living model of sustainable energy Economic impact at $872M nationwide Owned by the Department of Energy and Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy 3
NREL Role in ZEB Evaluation 3 rd Party evaluation of advanced technology in realworld service Established evaluation protocol provides consistent data collection and analysis for comparison Provide feedback to government (federal, state, local) to understand status and continue funding necessary R&D Share information with the transit industry that will aid in purchase decisions on the technology o Unbiased data in common format o Comparison to baseline technology 4
Current and Planned ZEB Evaluations NREL Zero Emission Bus Evaluations Bus # 2016 2017 2018 Demonstration State City Length Buses 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 ZEBA Demonstration CA Oakland 40 13 AC Transit CA Thousand Palms 40 1 SunLine American Fuel Cell Bus (AFCB) CA Orange County 40 1 OCTA OH Canton, Cleveland 40 2 SARTA/GCRTA/OSU CA Irvine 40 1 UCI AFCB (TIGGER) CA Thousand Palms 40 3 SunLine Massachusetts AFCB MA Boston 40 1 MBTA Battery Dominant AFCB CA Thousand Palms 40 1 SunLine AFCB (Low-No) CA Thousand Palms 40 5 SunLine OH Canton 40 5 SARTA Advanced Generation FCEB CA Oakland 60 1 AC Transit On-route Charge BEB (TIGGER) CA West Covina 35 12 Foothill Transit On-route Charge BEB (TIGGER) WA Seattle 40 3 King County Metro Plug-in Charge BEB (TIGGER) CA Long Beach 40 10 Long Beach Transit Color coded by Technology: Fuel cell dominant electric Battery dominant fuel cell electric Fast-charge battery electric Plug-in battery electric Evaluations are funded by the Department of Energy, the Federal Transit Administration, and the California Air Resources Board 5
ZEB Evaluation Objectives Validate zero-emission bus 1 (ZEB) performance and cost compared to DOE/FTA targets and conventional technologies Document progress and lessons learned on implementing fuel cell systems in transit operations to address barriers to market acceptance Current FCEB Targets 2 Units 2016 Target Ultimate Target Bus lifetime Years / miles 12/500,000 12/500,000 Bus availability % 85 90 Roadcall frequency (Bus/fuel cell system) Operation time Miles between road call Hours per day/ days per week 3,500/15,000 4,000/20,000 20/7 20/7 Maintenance cost $/mile 0.75 0.40 Fuel economy Miles per diesel gallon equivalent 8 8 1 ZEB technologies include fuel cell electric buses (FCEB) and battery electric buses (BEB) 2 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Record # 12012, Sep 2012, www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/12012_fuel_cell_bus_targets.pdf 6
Foothill Transit, West Covina, California BEBs service Start: April 2014 Baseline comparison: NABI CNG, 42-ft Foothill BEB Specifications FCEB Identifier BEB Number of Buses 12 Bus OEM Proterra Bus length/height 35 ft / 126 in Charging strategy Motor Rated Power (kw) Energy Storage - OEM Type Capacity Fast-charge, onroute Permanent magnet, UQM, PP220 220 (peak) Altairnano Lithium-titanate 368 volts, 88 kwh 7
BEB Route Profile Primarily operated on Line 291 16.1 mile total distance Charges at Pomona Transit Center in both directions 10.6 mph average speed Heavy use by transit dependent community 8
Monthly Fuel Economy compared to Baseline 20 18 100 90 Fuel Economy (mpdge) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Average High Temperature ( F) 0 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 BEB (35-ft) CNG (NABI, 42-ft) Avg High Temp ( F) 10 BEB average: 2.15 kwh/mi, 17.48 mi/dge CNG average: 4.51 mi/dge 9
BEB Fleet Total Monthly Charges and Energy Consumption 80,000 4,000 70,000 3,500 Energy used (kwh) 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 Number of Charges 10,000 500 0 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 0 Energy use kwh Number of charges 10
Average Bus Availability by Month 100% 90% 80% 100 90 80 Reasons for Unavailability ESS Availability 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 70 60 50 40 30 Number of days Charging issues Electric drive PM Bus 20% 20 BEB 10% 10 CNG 0% 0 Target Average availability BEB: 91% CNG: 93% 11
Availability Summary BEBs PM 0.3% Electric drive 2.4% Charging issues 0.3% Days Available 90.6% Unavailable 9.4% ESS 0.7% Bus 5.7% Foothill Number % Energy Storage System (ESS) 58 0.7 Electric drive 190 2.4 Charging issues 24 0.3 Bus maintenance 458 5.7 Preventive maintenance 24 0.3 Total unavailable days 754 9.4 Total available days 8,019 90.6 12
Availability Summary CNG Baselines PM 0.9% Engine 0.4% Days Available 92.8% Unavailable 7.2% Bus 5.6% Transmission 0.3% Foothill Number % Engine 12 0.4 Transmission 9 0.3 Bus maintenance 169 5.6 Preventive maintenance 28 0.9 Total unavailable days 218 7.2 Total available days 3,016 92.8 13
Reliability: Miles Between Roadcall (MBRC) Miles Between Roadcall 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 BEB Bus MBRC BEB Propulsion MBRC BEB Battery MBRC CNG Bus MBRC CNG Propulsion MBRC Bus MBRC Target ESS MBRC Target 50,000 0 BEB CNG Bus MBRC 6,918 30,270 Propulsion MBRC 20,951 65,586 ESS MBRC 244,424 -- Early results show the BEB performance exceeds the ultimate targets. 14
Remaining Challenges and Barriers for ZEBs Common to all ZEBs Develop robust supply chain for components and parts Increase learning curve for maintenance staff training and tools Reduce cost, both capital and operating Specific to BEBs Plan/build of opportunity charging stations & garage chargers Select appropriate routes for technology Address challenge of electric rates and demand charges 15
King County Metro, Seattle, WA (TIGGER) 3 Proterra, 40-ft Catalyst buses and fast charging station (8 more on order) Baseline buses: diesel, diesel hybrid, and electric trolley buses Evaluation Status: o Buses in service February 2016 o Kicked off evaluation in March 2016 o Data collected and analyzed through July 2016 16
Long Beach Transit, Long Beach, CA (TIGGER) 10 BYD, 40-ft BEBs with in-depot and inductive onroute charging station Baseline buses: Gillig CNG Evaluation Status: o Kicked off evaluation in August 2016 o Initializing data collection o Buses expected to go into service by November 17
Contact Info Leslie Eudy 303-275-4412 leslie.eudy@nrel.gov Matt Jeffers 303-275-3778 matthew.jeffers@nrel.gov