Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145A OHA A R N I G N I PAR 1: PRPARING FOR H ION 1. raining Booklet here is no training booklet that goes along with this ession. rainers should review other written material on this topic and be prepared to discuss the subject knowledgeably. 2. Why his ession Is Important Cranes and derricks are commonly used for hoisting and lifting heavy materials. Used properly, cranes and derricks make the job safer. Used incorrectly, however, cranes and derricks can become dangerous, even deadly, for those who work with or around them. 3. Purpose and Objectives of the ession Purpose: o provide an overview of crane, derrick, and sling safety in general industry workplaces. Objectives: By the end of this ession, employees should know: Hazards associated with cranes, derricks, and slings Rules for safe operation and working safely around cranes and derricks in general industry General requirements for inspection of cranes, derricks, and slings Who ight Need It ost: mployees who are designated to operate cranes and derricks must be trained in safe operation of the equipment. mployees who work around cranes and derricks must be trained to recognize hazards and follow basic safety rules. 4. OHA Requirements OHA requires that only designated and qualified employees operate cranes and derricks. raining requirements for operators include: afe operating procedures Inspection procedures 5145A
OHA R A Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145B Rated capacities of cranes, derricks, and slings Proper use of hoists and slings quipment maintenance and storage mployees who work around cranes and derricks must also be trained to recognize hazards and take proper precautions to prevent accidents and injuries. Applicable OHA tandards: General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.179 (Overhead and Gantry Cranes), 29 CFR 1910.180 (Crawler Locomotive and rack Cranes), 29 CFR 1910.181 (Derricks), and 29 CFR 1910.184 (lings) 5. Key Points ake sure that by the end of the ession employees understand the following main points: Cranes and derricks are large, heavy machines and can be dangerous. ou must keep alert when working with or around cranes and derricks. Cranes and derricks must be properly inspected and operated to be safe. 5145B
Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145C OHA A R N I G N I PAR 2: CONDUCING H ION 1. Warm-Up raining essions are most effective when there is active discussion between you and the group. o encourage such discussion, begin by asking one or more of the following questions: What hazards are associated with crane and derrick operations? What steps can you take to protect your safety if you work with or around cranes and derricks? How often should cranes, derricks, and slings be inspected? 2. Introduction: ession Objectives Use Handout #1, General Objectives, as a handout or an overhead slide. (hese are the same points listed previously in Purpose and Objectives of the ession. ) his makes it clear to the group what they are expected to learn from this raining ession. 3. he ession Note: he outline presented here generally follows the ummary of Key Points (listed previously and on Handout #2). 5145C
OHA R A Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145D A. Crane and Derrick Hazards Can Result in Accidents and Injuries i. Cranes and derricks can be extremely hazardous. Hazards include: Dropping a load due to overloading or defective equipment Hitting a worker or object with a load ii. mphasize that accidents can cause serious injuries and property damage. Describe any accidents or near misses involving cranes or derricks in your workplace. Overloading is a common cause of accidents. he rated capacity is the amount of weight that the crane or derrick can safely handle. Rated capacity must be clearly marked on each side of the equipment. lings also have rated capacities and must be so marked. If more than one hoisting unit, each hoist must be marked with rated capacity. arkings must be clearly legible from the ground or the operator s station. he rated capacity of a crane, derrick, or sling should never be exceeded. how participants where the rated capacity of cranes, derricks, and slings are located and how to interpret this information. Also show participants how to determine the weight of loads. 5145D
Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145 OHA R A B. Know the Rules for Working afely with Cranes, Derricks, and lings i. Basic safety rules for working around cranes and derricks include: Never operate a crane or derrick unless you ve been specially designated and qualified. Follow instructions and warning signals from operators and signalers without question. Pay attention around crane operations and stay out of the way of moving parts. Never walk under a raised load. Report any equipment problems or unsafe acts that you notice to a supervisor right away. ii. Review specific safety rules for participants who work around cranes or derricks in your workplace. Basic rules for safe operation include: Know and follow safe operating procedures. Check the weight of the load and the rated capacity of the equipment, and never exceed the equipment s rated capacity. est brakes if the load is close to capacity. nsure you can see the load at all times during operation. Use warning signals to alert others in the work area to your movements and to hazards. Allow proper clearance. Check for hoist chain or rope kinks before hooking the load. Balance and securely attach loads. Lift and hold suspended loads away from other workers and all obstructions. 5145
OHA R A Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145F Remain at the controls while a load is suspended. Never lift when someone is on the load or hook. Operate equipment smoothly, avoiding sudden starts and stops. Follow inspection procedures exactly as you ve been trained and according to required schedules. tore tools and personal items out of the way in the cab. iii. iv. Review specific safety rules for participants who operate cranes or derricks in your workplace. lectricity is leading cause of crane fatalities. OHA has minimum general industry requirements for safe operating distances around power lines: For lines rated 50,000 volts or below, the minimum clearance between the lines and any part of the crane must be at least 10 feet. For lines rated over 50,000 volts, the minimum clearance between the lines and any part of the crane must be at least 10 feet plus 0.4 inch for each 1,000 volts over 50,000. As extra protection, consider grounding the crane around high voltage lines, electrical substations, or where there are underground power lines. Never operate a crane during thunderstorms and for at least one-half hour after thunder ends. Provide participants with a chart displaying OHA s minimum requirements for safe operating distances around power lines. Basic rules for safe use of hoists: ake sure the hoist rope or chain is not twisted or kinked, prior to attaching the load. 5145F
Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145G OHA R A Never use the hoist rope or chain as a sling by wrapping it around the load. his can cause damage to the hoist rope or chain and weaken it. Do not use the load block hook to directly lift the load. Always use a sling, shackle, or other approved rigging device to attach the load to the hook. Demonstrate proper procedures for attaching loads. v. Hooks: Hooks must have a safety latch or clip to keep the load or attachment device from twisting out of the hook. Hooks are designed to carry the load in the center of the hook. Never point load the hook tip. his can overload the hook and bend it, allowing the load to slip. If you think a hook may have been overloaded, measure the throat opening and compare the measurement to the manufacturer s specification for the hook. Hooks that have been stretched or twisted must be removed from service. vi. how participants an example of a damaged hook that had to be replaced. xplain procedures for reporting and replacing damaged hooks. afe use of slings includes these basic rules: Inspect slings before use. Never load a sling beyond its rated working capacity. Use softeners to protect slings from sharp edges on the load or on nearby objects, e.g., hoses cut in half, wood, or rubber. nsure slings are attached using shackles, hooks, or other rigging equipment. 5145G
OHA R A Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145H Protect your hands by wearing gloves, and never wrap a tag line or part of the sling around your hand for extra grip. Never kink or shorten a sling with knots, bolts, etc. Never pull a sling from under a resting load. Never drag a loaded sling along the ground. Keep slings clean and store them properly to prevent damage or deterioration. vii. Demonstrate the proper procedure for inspecting slings, looking for damage, including broken wires or strands, kinks, twisting, abrasions, cuts, discoloration, bird caging, or broken welds. xplain that damaged or defective slings must be removed from service immediately and tagged for authorized repair by the manufacturer, or for disposal. o lift loads safely: Avoid sudden starts, stops, or swings, which can cause the crane to tip or the load to shift. Never leave a suspended load unattended. omeone could unintentionally walk under the load, or it could slip. ake sure at least two full wraps of rope are left on the hoisting drum at all times. Never carry loads over people or allow people to walk under a suspended load. Never ride on the load or the hook or allow anyone else to ride on the load or the hook. When two cranes are lifting the same load, only one qualified person is in charge so that the lift is properly calculated and planned. xplain the proper procedure for lifting loads step by step. 5145H
Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145I OHA R A viii. o move loads safely: Keep the load centered under the hook. Do not side load the hook, which can cause the load to swing unexpectedly or overload the crane. nsure that ropes, slings, or chains are not twisted together or caught on railings or equipment. his can cause the load to slip, tip, or rotate. nsure the load is secure and balanced before lifting. Prove the load by lifting it slightly at first to ensure it will remain in balance. When traveling, keep the load as close to the ground as possible to allow a safe descent, if necessary. Discuss procedures for moving loads safely, specifying particular hazards of worksites where cranes or derricks are used. C. Always Inspect quipment to ake ure It Is afe to Use i. Depending on the type of crane, OHA has requirements for frequent and periodic inspections. Generally, cranes, derricks, and slings should be inspected for any defects that might create safety hazards before initial use on a daily, monthly, and annual basis. ii. Review your crane, derrick, and sling inspection requirements and schedules. Only trained and designated employees can perform inspections. Records must be kept of inspections. Damaged parts, slings, etc., must be replaced before the equipment can be used. 5145I
OHA R A Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145J how participants an example of proper inspection records, and point out all the items that must be covered in an inspection. If possible, provide participants with specific inspection checklists. D. Conclusion: ake Proper Precautions When Working with and Around Cranes and Derricks i. Only designated and qualified personnel are allowed to operate cranes and derricks. ii. Cranes, derricks, and slings must be inspected according to an assigned schedule to ensure that they are safe to operate. iii. Operators must know the weight of loads being lifted and avoid exceeding the rated capacity of the equipment. iv. Damaged equipment should be removed from service until it is repaired or replaced. v. mployees who work around cranes and derricks must understand the hazards and take proper precautions to protect their safety. 4. ummary of Key Points Use Handout #2, ummary of Key Points, as a handout or an overhead slide. (hese are the same points listed previously in Preparing for the ession. ) Using the summary reinforces the essential messages you want to leave with the group. 5. Quiz Have the group take the ultiple Choice Quiz included as Handout #3. ou can also use Handout #3 as an overhead slide and review each question as a group. 5145J
Crane, Derrick, and ling afety 5145K OHA R A Answers to ultiple Choice Quiz: 1. c, 2. c, 3. a, 4. c, 5. a, 6. c, 7. c, 8. a, 9. b, 10. b 6. Wrap-Up Ask for any final questions. Distribute the raining ession Attendance Form and have group members sign and return it. Distribute handouts if you have not already done so during the ession. hank group members for their attention. 5145K