JAMA comments on the draft EU RDE 3rd package regulations 25/08/2016 JAMA 1
JAMA Proposal 1. Application dates: Postpone to the second step (Jan 20 for NT and Jan 21 for AT). At least AT for GDI-PN should be harmonized with NOx (Sept. 19). (to avoid concentration of man-hours for development dept. and certification dept.) 2. CF value for PN: Technically not feasible at this moment to make decision on CF value (e.g. 1.5) due to the inaccuracy of PEMS equipments. CF to be determined with reference to the result of monitoring using the latest PN-PEMS and pre-test. 3. PM-Index (Impact of fuel specification on particulate matters): As for ISC, discuss in the 4 th Package and to be reflected to Transfer Function. 4. RDE test fuel for TA: Use reference fuel (to be closer to the test reality). 5. Preconditioning: Drive the same route with the RDE test (or WLTC on C/D). 6. Soak time: 6~36 hours (harmonized with Type 1 test) 2
CONTENTS 1. Measurement Accuracy for Current PN-PEMS 2. PM-Index: 3. Cold Start Test 3
1. JARI Test Mode for PEMS Accuracy Evaluation Test comparing test mode Japanese official certification mode Low speed Medium speed 4
Ratio to Stationary method (%) 1. Overview of PN-PEMS measurement accuracy PN-PEMS allowance target of EU is exceeded. (within ±50% ) Measurement accuracy is low at low vehicle speed. PN-PEMS1,3,4: DC type, PN-PEMS2: CPC type Comparison with the PMP method
1. Problem of PN-PEMS in on-road testing - In actual on-road testing, a trouble that the alarms of several PN-PEMS installed in the vehicle went off occurred (environmental temperature of about 32 degree Celsius. air conditioner on.). (No troubles occurred in any of the PN-PEMS in chassis dynamometer test.) - The main trouble was desensitization. (The number of particles while measuring exhaust gas was below the level in the air [10 3 order]). - The main cause of the trouble is estimated to be the impact of the environmental temperature (high temperature), moisture and vibration. - However, in some models the problem persisted even after the temperature of the measuring equipment was brought down by cooling the environmental temperature to around 27 degree Celsius. (We checked the dirt and clog in the sample line, etc., component degradation and dilution defect, and changed parts, but the event was not solved.) JARI looked into the cause with the measuring instrument manufacturer, but has been unable to identify the cause. 6
1. PN-PEMS Used Period: Summer (from Aug. 9, 2015 [Sun.] to Aug. 12, 2015 [Wed.]) Place: High-speed oval track of JARI Shirosato Test Center Vehicle: A direct injection gasoline engine vehicle available in Japan PN-PEMS: 4 models (3 DC-method models and 1 CPC-method model) PN-PEMS A PN-PEMS B PN-PEMS C PN-PEMS D Manufacturer AVL HORIBA matter aerosol Pegasol Model M.O.V.E (prototype) OBS-ONE (prototype) NanoMet3 Mi3 Measuring method DC CPC DC DC Temperature -10-40 -10-40 10-40 0-55 when in use (outside) Exterior 7
1. Grasping Measurement Accuracy on the Latest ILCE#1 There are nearly 50% of error in the latest data of PN concentration(#/cm3), and it has not been confirmed the accuracy of PN(#/km) data as a system multiplied by output of Pitot tube. Reference July 7 th 2016,AECC HP 8
1. Grasping Measurement Accuracy on the Latest ILCE#2 There are nearly 50% of error in the latest data of PN concentration(#/cm3), and it has not been confirmed the accuracy of PN(#/km) data as a system multiplied by output of Pitot tube. Reference July 7 th 2016,AECC HP 9
1. Void of the Latest ILCE Too large ratio of void with on-road testing. It is said to be because of the maintenance problem, but we expect that a lot of measurement troubles will occur on the market. The reliability of PN-PEMS leaves much to be improved. Reference July 7 th 2016,AECC HP 10
1. Summary of tasks for measurement Current Gas-PEMS has low measurement accuracy in low speed. It needs enough basic research and monitoring test. PN-PEMS is in the process of development. It takes a little more time to confirm if they can be used for the certification and if they have any problems on the road or not. The improvement of the measuring instruments is necessary for both Gas-PEMS and PN-PEMS. It needs some basic research and monitoring using the latest PEMS. CF<1.5 for PN should be reviewed. It should be set after enough basic research and monitoring. 11
2. 1) The purpose for RDE certification test and test fuel purpose:1) Confirmation whether the emission performance on C/D is 2) achieved on the road or not. 1) Since C/D test uses Reference Fuel, 2) using reference fuel also for PEMS test is logically correct and to keep fairness for the certification. Reference fuel Chassis dynamometer test 1) CD Reference fuel Market fuel 2) on Road PEMS 12
2. 2) Considering actual situations on Real World Considering actual situations on real world which is expected in RDE: It is one of the way to use Market Fuel, but PN values vary widely depending on the fuel specification. Countermeasure: It can keep the fairness of certification if we adopt a method of corrected CF value by PM-Index as an alternative method in case we use market fuel for RDE testing. We should have monitoring period to consider the details. N: Number of element for fuel DBE: Degree of unsaturation= coefficient double bond V.P(443K): 443K(vapor pressure of 170 ) Wti: Ratio of each fuel component Reference; Honda R&D Company: Mr. AIKAWA etc, 29 th Nov. 2011.Symposium for Internal combustion engine of JSAE 13
PN [#/km, WLTC] 2. PM-Index and PN for Gasoline Vehicle with GPF PN is emitted in accordance with PM-Index despite having GPF for direct-injection gasoline engine for Euro 6c. (See JAMA presentation Fuel quality impact on PM emission from gasoline engine vehicles (PM-index concept) ) 6.0E+12 5.0E+12 4.0E+12 3.0E+12 Euro6b Light The level of fuel (light~heavy) is classified in general terms at worldwide level. Reference fuel Middle heavy Heavy Euro6b 1.5L L4 DI NA Medium IW 2.0E+12 1.0E+12 Engine out gas Euro6c 1.5L L4 DI T/C High IW Euro6c GPF 0.0E+00 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 PM-index (PONA) 14
PN (WLTC mode, #/km) 2. PM-Index and PN for gasoline vehicle with GPF PN is emitted in accordance with PM-Index despite having GPF for direct-injection gasoline engine for Euro 6c. 1.8E+12 1.6E+12 1.4E+12 1.2E+12 1.0E+12 The level of fuel (light~heavy) is classified in general terms at worldwide level. Light Reference fuel Middle heavy Heavy 8.0E+11 6.0E+11 4.0E+11 2.0E+11 0.0E+00 Fuel C Euro6c Fuel B Fuel A 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 PM Index ENG out gas Tail pipe 1.5L L4 DI T/C High IW 15
PN emissions Frequency 2. Proposal of PM-Index for RDE test A:Since RDE is a part of certification, Reference Fuel should be used. B:It is necessary to correct CF value for the level of Reference Fuel when we use a Market Fuel. Reference fuel A Test fuel Criteria Out of EN228 Out of EN228 B C PM-index PM-index 16
2. Proposal of application of PM-Index for RDE test B:In the case of correcting Market Fuel to the average Reference Fuel using CF value. C:In the case of correcting PN value exceeding PM-Index to the equivalent to maximum fuel. 17
PN Value 2. Achieve both fairness of certification and real world using PM-Index or alternative method α, β, γ are the same value and PN on appearance is NG because it is over CF limit. But α: It is OK by using corrected PN value (proposal C) Fuel should be improved β: It is OK by using corrected CF (proposal B) Recommend to improve engine because too little of allowance. γ: It is NG despite using corrected CF (proposal B) γ β OK by using corrected CF α NG despite using OK by using corrected PN value CF on Reference fuel corrected CF と Values expected to be measured by monitoring PM-Index@ Reference fuel Maxinum of PM-Index PM-Index or Alternative Method 18
2. Correction by PM-Index It should be considered to apply correction by PM-Index or alternative method as one of the TF. JAMA agrees to consider in Package 4 for ISC. (19 th July 2016 EC and JAMA: Mr. Moriya MTG) As for TA test, it should be specified to use Reference Fuel if it is more likely to use Reference fuel in fact. EU RDE 2 nd Package : 19
3. Cold Start Test Preconditioning Cycle: Minimum requirements should be specified in the regulation. For example, Driving the same route with the RDE test the day before driving test. Soak Time: It should be 6~36hr to harmonize Type1 test which is a basis for CF. 20