Infrastructure Revitalization in India Power System Operation Corporation (POSOCO) New Delhi, India 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in India 1
Outline Indian Power System Indian Grid - WAMS Pilot Projects PMUs Data Application - Case Studies URTDSM Scheme of India 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in India 2
Structure of Indian Electricity Sector 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in India 3
Evolution of the Grid Changing load profile Integration of Renewables Need for Flexible Systems Dec 2013: Pre 1991: Five Regional Grids - Five Frequencies October 1991: East and Northeast synchronized Merchant Power March 2003: West synchronized with East & Northeast Electricity Act, 2003, Open Access August 2006: North synchronized with Central Grid Merging of Markets, Power Exchanges All India Synchronized Grid Addition of large 500 MW & above gen. units and 765 kv trans. Lines, Ultra Mega Power Projects 4 Maps not to scale
Some Typical Numbers Power System Related Installed Capacity: 237 GW Renewables Installed Capacity: 30 GW Wind (20 GW), Solar (2 GW), Small Hydro (3 GW) No. of 400kV & above Trans. Line: 1050 Nos. 765 kv (35 Nos.) Total Length of Trans. Line (220 kv & above AC + HVDC): 288,208 Ckt. Km Grid Operation Related Peak Demand Met: 129 GW Energy Met (Avg.): 2600 MU/day Max. Hydro Generation: 200 MU/day Max. Wind Generation: 200 MU/day Short Term Open Access: Number of Generating Units: 1750 Nos. 500 MW & above (140 Nos.) 240 MU/day Inter-regional Exchange: 200 MU/day HVDC Links (BTB & Bipole): 9 Nos. 5
High Ramp rate of load in typical summer day Ramp rate during evening peak is of the order of 200 MW/minute for nearly sixty (60) to ninety (90) minutes
Diversity in Demand in different Control Areas Assam Kerala All India Maharashtra Delhi
International Interconnections Nepal Over 16 links of 132/33/11 KV Radial links with Nepal Net import by Nepal Bhutan Upto 1400 MW import by India 4 Nos. of 400 kv, 3 Nos. of 220 kv, 2 Nos. 132 kv, Tala: 1020 MW, Chukha: 336 MW, Kurichu: 60 MW, Net import by India India Bangladesh Upto 500 MW export by India 400 KV AC line between Baharampur(India) and Bheramara(Bangladesh) with 500 MW HVDC substation at Bheramara 8
Indian Grid - WAMS Pilot Project Architecture PDC Console Historian Router NLDC PDC/Console NERLDC PMU-8 PDC/Console PDC/Console PDC/Console WRLDC PMU-16 NRLDC PMU-14 SRLDC PMU-12 PDC/Console ERLDC PMU-12 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in India 9
Locations of PMUs Pilot Projects Total no of PMUs - 62 Nos. (including 3 nos. PMU installed by IPPs) Region wise PMUs: NR - 14 Nos WR - 16 Nos ER - 12 Nos SR - 12 Nos NER 08 Nos At present data from 61 PMUs are available at NLDC PDC. 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in India 10
WAMS - Operational Experience at POSOCO Voltage / Line Current / Frequency / df/dt monitoring Oscillations in Voltage, Current & Frequency for any possible system instability. Duration of Fault to identify the Zone of Operation of protection devices. Identifying nature of Fault (L-G,L-L-G,3-Phase fault etc.) Correlating Protection/Relay Command timings. Checking whether SPS action was proper and timely. To identify the exact change in frequency for FRC Calculations. Improved system operation in case of natural calamity. Taking help of angle to give charging instruction. Verifying overvoltage tripping from the Voltage Magnitude Plots of S/S. Report on Synchrophasors Initiative in India Dec, 2013 is available on the following web-link: http://nldc.in/attachments/article/201/synchrophasors%20initiatives%20in%20india%20decmb er%202013%20-%20web.pdf 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in India 11
Oscillations observed in NER PMU on 11.08.13 At 23:35:07 Hrs, 63 MVAR Bus-Reactor II at 400 kv Silchar(PG) was taken into service. Bus Voltage changed from 414 kv to 402 kv. Low frequency oscillations were observed in the NER PMU s Voltage Plots. R-Phase voltage of 220 kv Misa PMU Reactor Switching R-Phase voltage of 132 kv Imphal PMU R-Phase voltage of 132 kv Badarpur PMU T=160 secs
Simulation Study Result(Using PSS/E) The same event was analysed using PSS/E & results were found to be coherent with PMU Plots. Switching-on of 63 MVAR BR-II at Silchar(PG) Tripping of Doyang U#2 (25MW) and 132 kv Dimapur Doyang II 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in India 13
Inclement Weather Condition Leading to Multiple tripping in Northern Region on 06.06.13 Due to inclement weather conditions in Northern Region, around 5000-7000 MW of load crash was observed.the major constituents affected were Punjab & Delhi. PMU Plots consistently reflected trippings & oscillations. Modal Analysis helped in identifying unstable system(red Dots) during the event. Voltage Plot Frequency Plot Modal Analysis 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in India 14
Inclement Weather Condition Leading to Multiple tripping in Northern Region on 06.06.13 (Contd.) PMU Plots: Voltage, Frequency & Modal Analysis Chabra-Bhilwara circuit tripped on Y-phase to ground fault from Bhilwara end. Heavy fluctuations were observed in MW value of Kawai Generations due to weak connection. 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in India 15
Odisha Cyclone Monitoring On 12.10.13,very severe Cyclone Phailin hit land near Gopalpur in Odisha with a wind speed of 200kmph. Severe damage to the distribution as well as transmission network in the Southern & Central region of the State. The PMU plots of Voltage & Frequency(captured by Talcher PMU)helped in monitoring the situation and taking necessary actions. Several spikes shown in plots show the frequent tripping of transmission elements. Frequency Plot df/dt plot Voltage Plot 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in 16
Situational Awareness During Odisha Cyclone The benefit of visualisation through PMU during the recent Odisha storm was amazing. The PMU at Talcher in Orissa was giving clear signals of every auto restart of Talcher Kolar HVDC, in the midnight of 12 /13 Oct 13 as the storm was passing through the Ganjam district of Orissa. Even every AC line tripping was visible at NLDC. All India load had fallen by nearly15000 MW, Orissa load had come down to almost negligible level of a few hundred MW. Integrity of the Orissa Grid with rest of the Grid was maintained - Situational awareness maintained by PMU. 26th March 2014 Infrastructure Revitalization in India 17
Unified Real Time Dynamic State Measurement (URTDSM) Project Project Envisages: Installation of around 1750 PMU s throughout the Grid in 2 phases at: All 400 kv stations in State and ISTS grids All generating stations at 220 kv and above HVDC terminals and inter-regional and inter-national tie lines Both ends of 400kV and above transmission lines at State and ISTS sector 32 PDCs located at SLDCs, RLDCs and NLDCs. Transmission of PMU data over fiber optic communication network Development of software analytics 30% of the PMUs to be supplied to be manufactured indigenously.