1st International Symposium on Fishing Vessel Energy Efficiency Vigo, Spain, 18th - 20th of May 2010 Coriolis Fuel Mass Flow Metering for Fishing Vessels www.ismar.cnr.it Antonello Sala, Francesco De Carlo, Gabriele Buglioni a.sala@ismar.cnr.it National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Ancona, Italy.
Coriolis Fuel Mass Flow Measuring System (CorFu-m) In the current study, the real challenge consisted in measuring the fuel consumption of fishing vessels during different fishing operations, and then produce an absolute daily energy consumption. A prototype instrument, named CorFu meter (CorFu-m), was conceived at CNR-ISMAR Ancona (Italy) and installed on board two semi-pelagic pair trawlers. The CorFu-m system consists of three components: a) two mass flow sensors. The sensors use the Coriolis measuring principle, which permit to operate independently of the fluid s physical properties, such as viscosity and density. It is an economical alternative to conventional volume flowmeters; b) one Multi Channel Recorder; c) one GPS data logger.
Future works 1. Improve the CorFu-m; 2. Energy audit (use a portable fuel monitoring system): 3. Analysis of potential fishing gear design and engineering topics: Ways to decrease gear drag by fishing gear design optimisation; Ways to decrease gear drag by hydrodynamical optimisation; Ways to decrease gear drag by gear replacement. 4. Collection of new, detailed information by fishery (métier) and by type of vessel.
10th International Workshop Methods for the development and evaluation of maritime technologies DEMaT 11 Split, Croatia - October 26-28, 2011 Analysis of energy use in Italian fishing vessels Antonello Sala, Emilio Notti, Gabriele Buglioni NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCES (ISMAR) ANCONA (ITALY) www.ismar.cnr.it - a.sala@ismar.cnr.it Tel. +39 (071) 2078841
Rationale: crisis of fishing industry Main factors affecting fishing industry Overfishing World economic crisis (fishermen do not have any influence in the market) Increasing in fuel price Fishing vessels not efficient usually because of outdated technology Influence on fishing activities Revenue Costs Profitability Index Management costs: Fuel 55% Crew 30% Maintenance 10% Other 5% European Commission restrictions related to the actual overfishing; impossible to fish more; fishermen do not have influences on the market prices; A possible solution is to reduce running costs by reducing fuel consumption
Rationale: energy saving strategy The solution is to reduce costs by reducing fuel consumption We need: 1. to define how energy is used during fishing activities 2. to identify heavy energy users 3. to analyze potential technical improvements 4. to draft a business plan for potential improvements It is necessary a methodical approach to evaluate best energy improvement strategy. the
Definition of Energy Audit Regulatory references Council Regulation (EC) Nr. 2371/2002, Art. 33: Conservation and sustainable exploitation of fisheries ; Council Regulation (EC) Nr. 744/2008 del 24/07/2008: A Community contribution should also be provided for collective actions aimed at delivering expertise to vessel owners in relation to energy audits for vessels. Energy audit is a systematic approach to evaluate energy consumption in fisheries. Objectives to define the energetic profile of the fishing vessel trough energy indicators; to identify technological improvements; to evaluate technical and economical benefits of improvements.
Energy Audit of a fishing vessel 1. Preliminary investigation and inspection of fishing vessel; 2. installation of the instrumentations on board of fishing vessel; 3. sea trials during commercial cruises; 4. data post-processing; 5. evaluation of energy performance indicators; 6. evaluation of energy profiles obtained.
Measurement system: instrumentation installed Instrumentation Parameter Fuel flow meters Fuel consumption Torque meter and shaft RPM counter Delivered power Oil flow and pressure meter Hydraulic power Ammeter claws Electric power Strain gauges Gear drag GPS Position, course, speed Gear monitoring system Trawl geometry
Measurement system: data acquisition software Fuel consumption Hydraulic power Drag resistance during fishing Electric power Shaft power Data acquisition software GPS Data acquisition system conceived at CNR ISMAR Post-processing and data synchronization; Control of the correct functioning of the acquisition; Data recording rate of 5 seconds.
Measurement system: acoustic flow meters
Measurement system: torque meter Strain gauge
Measurement system: torque meter RPM counter
Measurement system: hydraulic and electric power meter Oil flow rate Pressure Flow meter and pressure: hydraulic power for deck machinery Ammeter claws: electric power used onboard
Measurement system: gear drag sensors
Mass flow sensors mounted onboard a fishing vessel for the measurement of fuel consumption
Multi channel recorder: visualization of the fuel consumption
GPS data logger for the GPS data collection
Main characteristics of the vessels monitored L OA L PP B GRT P B D [m] [m] [m] [GT] [kw] [m] OTB1 21.50 17.02 5.72 82 478 1.78 PTM1 28.60 21.20 6.85 99 940 2.18 OTB2 22.80 19.58 6.21 91 574 1.80 PTM2 28.95 24.32 6.86 138 940 2.20 OTB3 21.50 17.02 5.72 82 478 1.78 PTM3 26.50 21.46 6.80 96 870 2.20 OTB PTM L OA L PP B GRT P B D bottom otter trawler midwater pair trawler length overall length between perpendiculars beam international gross tonnage brake power propeller diameter
Energy performances indicators Energy Consumption Indicator (ECI) Fuel Consumption Indicator (FCI) By fishing phase (e.g. sailing, trawling) E T F C P D v Total energy Total fuel consumption Power delivered Vessel speed
Results: trawling phase 1.5 OTB1 PTM1 OTB2 PTM2 OTB3 800 PTM3 600 1.0 PD [kw] ECI [kj/(kw kn)] 700 0.5 500 400 300 200 0.0 2500 3500 4500 5500 6500 7500 100 2500 8500 3500 4500 45 165 40 140 35 115 FC [l/h] FCI [l/(kw kn)] 6500 7500 8500 6500 7500 8500 TTF [kgf] TTF [kgf] 30 90 65 25 20 2500 5500 3500 4500 5500 TTF [kgf] 6500 7500 8500 40 2500 3500 4500 5500 TTF [kgf] PD power delivered; FC fuel consumption; TTF total towing force; ECI energy consumption index; FCI fuel consumption index; OTB bottom otter trawler; PTM mid-water pair trawler.
Results: trawling phase Average values for one hour of trawling phase. VS vessel speed; PD power delivered; FC fuel consumption; TTF total towing force; ECI energy consumption index; FCI fuel consumption index; OTB bottom otter trawler; PTM mid-water pair trawler. VS PD FC TTF ECI FCI [kn] [kw] [l/h] [kg] [kj/(kw kn)] [l/(h kw kn)] OTB1 3.81 248.3 59.8 3994 0.67 31.5 PTM1 4.31 390.6 104.8 5693 0.61 31.1 OTB2 3.83 333.1 63.7 3802 0.79 28.0 PTM2 4.42 620.4 126.1 7225 0.91 36.5 OTB3 3.71 284.6 61.4 3865 0.81 34.0 PTM3 4.84 390.8 126.6 5260 0.50 30.4 PTM are more energy-intense than OTB; OTB2 has both the lowest gear drag and fuel consumption; PTM2 has both the highest gear drag and fuel consumption.
FCI [l/(kw kn)] ECI [kj/(kw kn)] Results: sailing phase PD [kw] FC [l/h] 0.5 0.4 OTB1 PTM1 OTB2 PTM2 OTB3 PTM3 1200 1000 OTB1 PTM1 OTB2 PTM2 OTB3 PTM3 0.3 800 600 0.2 400 0.1 200 0.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 VS [kn] VS [kn] 30 OTB1 PTM1 OTB2 PTM2 OTB3 PTM3 300 OTB1 PTM1 OTB2 PTM2 OTB3 PTM3 25 250 20 200 15 150 10 100 5 50 0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 VS [kn] 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 VS [kn] PD power delivered; FC fuel consumption; VS vessel speed; ECI energy consumption index; FCI fuel consumption index; OTB bottom otter trawler; PTM mid-water pair trawler.
Results: sailing phase Estimated value at 10 kn, average values for one hour of sailing phase. PD power delivered; FC fuel consumption; ECI energy consumption index; FCI fuel consumption index; OTB bottom otter trawler; PTM mid-water pair trawler. PD FC ECI FCI [kw] [l/h] [kj/(gt kn)] [l/(h GT kn)] OTB1 217 54.1 1.33 64.5 PTM1 366 94.0 1.93 95.9 OTB2 268 55.4 1.51 59.7 PTM2 378 84.5 1.41 61.3 OTB1 and OTB2 have similar fuel consumption; PTM1 and PTM2 have similar power request; PTM2 has lower fuel consumption than PTM1.
Results: ranking for vessels monitored ECI of trawling and sailing conditions have been pooled. PD power delivered; FC fuel consumption; ECI energy consumption index; FCI fuel consumption index; OTB bottom otter trawler; PTM mid-water pair trawler. Sailing Fishing Rank ECI(S) FCI(S) ECI/FCI ECI(F) FCI(F) ECI/FCI [kj/(kw kn)] [l/(h kw kn)] [kj/(kw kn)] [l/(h kw kn)] Rank OTB1 0.23 11.1 2.07 3 0.67 31.46 2.13 3 PTM1 0.20 10.1 2.01 2 0.61 31.08 1.96 2 OTB2 0.24 9.5 2.52 5 0.79 28.03 2.82 6 PTM2 0.21 9.0 2.31 4 0.91 36.50 2.48 5 OTB3 0.44 15.1 2.92 6 0.81 34.59 2.34 4 PTM3 0.19 13.0 1.44 1 0.50 30.37 1.65 1
Reactions after energy audits PTM2 changed the propeller, which has the same diameter and lower pitch; OTB2 made the fishing gear bigger; Both PTM2 and OTB2 requested a second energy audit after the implementation of the abovementioned modifications; All the fishermen reduced the steaming speed; Another fisherman requested an energy audit in order to evaluate the best option between an auxiliary engine or an hydraulic power generator coupled to the main engine.
Main conclusions Monitored fishing vessels were not so efficient because of outdated technology. Restrictions on new constructions impose modernizations; Energy saving is the key to maintain acceptable and sustainable profitability in fisheries; An energy saving strategy is necessary in order to find potential areas of improvements; Gains in propulsive efficiency during free navigation might be attained using a controllable pitch instead of a fixed pitch propeller, which can permit an optimum combination of pitch ratio and propeller revolutions for each operating condition; In the steaming conditions fuel saving can be obtained by reducing vessel speed; Other energy users (hydraulic and electric users) did not show to have noticeably influenced energy consumption, compared to the propulsion system.
Website on Energy Efficiency in Fisheries