ARMD SIP Thrust 4B (Hybrid Electric) Roadmap Rich Wahls 2 nd ODM & Emerging Av Tech Roadmap Workshop Strategic Technical Advisor, Adv Air Vehicles Program Arlington, VA 9 March 2016 1
Outline ARMD Overview Thrusts, Programs, Projects ARMD Strategic Thrust 4b Electric/Hybrid Electric ARMD FY17 President s Budget Implications 2
NASA Aeronautics NASA Aeronautics Vision for Aviation in the 21st Century U.S. leadership for a new era of flight 3
NASA Mission Directorate Organization -------------------------- Mission Programs ----------------------------- Seedling Program Advanced Air Vehicles (AAVP) Jay Dryer Integrated Aviation Systems (IASP) Ed Waggoner Airspace Operations And Safety (AOSP) John Cavolowsky Transformative Aeronautics Concepts (TACP) Doug Rohn Advanced Air Transport Technology (AATT) Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Airspace Technology Demonstrations (ATD) Transformational Tools and Technologies (TTT) Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology (RVLT) UAS Integration in the NAS SMART NAS Testbed for Safe Trajectory Operations Convergent Aeronautics Solutions (CAS) Commercial Supersonic Technology (CST) Advanced Composites (ACP) Flight Demonstration and Capabilities (FDC) Safe Autonomous System Operations (SASO) Leading Edge Aeronautics Research for NASA (LEARN) Aeronautics Evaluation and Test Capabilities (AETC) Current Electric content Coming Soon Electric content 5
Outline ARMD Overview Thrusts, Programs, Projects ARMD Strategic Thrust 4b Electric/Hybrid Electric ARMD FY17 President s Budget Implications 6
NASA Aeronautics Context Thrust Roadmap and other related teams 3 Mega-Drivers 6 Strategic R&T Thrusts Safe, Efficient Growth in Global Operations Enable full NextGen and develop technologies to substantially reduce aircraft safety risks Innovation in Commercial Supersonic Aircraft Achieve a low-boom standard Roadmap Team 2 Supersonic Ultra-Efficient Commercial Vehicles Pioneer technologies for big leaps in efficiency and environmental performance Roadmap Team 3a Fixed Wing Roadmap Team 3b Vertical Lift Transition to Low-Carbon Propulsion Characterize drop-in alternative fuels and pioneer low-carbon propulsion technology Roadmap Team 4a AltFuel Roadmap Team 4b Hybrid Electric Real-Time System-Wide Safety Assurance Develop an integrated prototype of a real-time safety monitoring and assurance system Assured Autonomy for Aviation Transformation Develop high impact aviation autonomy applications 7
Thrust 4b Hybrid Electric Transition to Low-Carbon Propulsion Characterize drop-in alternative fuels and pioneer low-carbon propulsion technology Thrust 4b Team Hybrid Electric kick-off 6/12/15 Scope: Large Transport, Small Thin-haul, passenger vertical lift, unmanned aerial vehicles (internal community AATT, CAS (VLHA, CEPT)) Co-leads Kevin Carmichael/Rich Wahls Amy Jankowsky (AATT) Hyun Dae Kim (AFRC) Lee Kohlman (CAS/VLHA) Nateri Madavan (ARC) Mark Moore (CAS/CEPT) Jim Felder (GRC) Dell Ricks (ARMD) Dan Williams (LaRC) Jeff Viken (TTT) 10
Outcomes, Benefits, Capabilities Strategic Thrust 4: Transition to Low-Carbon Propulsion Strategic Thrust 4B: Enabling Electric/Hybrid Electric Propulsion 2015 2025 2035 Community Outcomes Introduction of Low-carbon Fuels for Conventional Engines and Exploration of Alternative Propulsion Systems Initial Introduction of Alternative Propulsion Systems Introduction of Alternative Propulsion Systems to Aircraft of All Sizes Benefits Established experience and knowledge base allowing for industry investment and market growth Certified operational aircraft in limited applications/markets Improved fuel economy and lower carbon emissions in limited applications. Improved acoustics Improved fuel economy Low carbon emissions Lower operating costs Enhanced safety, Capabilities/NASA Outputs Electrified Turbofan designs HEP PAI and DEP concepts Advanced electric machines & power electronics Integrated electric and turbine controls Advanced energy storage technology Advanced power transmission and management technology Small aircraft and vertical lift flight demos Thin haul commuter flt demo Power and propulsion system integrated test beds Modeling, sizing, design and analysis tools Medium size Vertical lift flt demos Electric air vehicle certification Experience designing, building and operating a variety of small electric and HEP aircraft and vertical lift vehicles An array of Government and Industry development and test facilities Optimized architectures Optimized flight operations Improved energy storage Advanced materials applied to HEP High fidelity models Version: 19jan2016 Single aisle transport flight demo Large vert lift flight demo Extensive experience designing building and operating electric and HEP aircraft and vertical lift vehicles Industry has full design and test capability Increased & more flexible control 12
Research Themes NASA Long Term Research Areas That Will Contribute to the Community Outcomes Integrated Technology Concepts (Vehicle / Synergy) Integration of an array of technologies to increase the overall efficiency and functionality of the vehicle including: HEP propulsion and airframe, distributed electric propulsion, acoustics and airframe, controls and HEP propulsion, energy storage and airframe, thermal management and airframe Power and Propulsion Architectures Researches electric, hybrid electric, turboelectric, series, parallel, configurations for both aircraft and vertical lift vehicles. This also includes power management, distribution of power across the vehicle HEP Components / Enablers Includes component technologies such as increased power density electric machines, higher, superconducting machines, energy density storage, advanced fuel cells, power electronics, fault protection devices and other enablers such as flight controls Modeling, Simulation, and Test Capability Development of modeling, simulation and design tools to aid in the design and analysis of electric/ HEP vehicles, These may also include acoustic and thermal management and flight control analysis tools. Also includes component, subsystem and system level test capabilities that are be used in development. Version: 19jan2016 13
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Prove Out Transformational Potential + Explore and demonstrate vehicle integration synergies enabled by hybrid electric propulsion Single Aisle Transport 2040 Environmental Benefit Increasingly electric aircraft propulsion with minimal change to aircraft outer mold lines Modeling Explore Architectures Test Beds Component Improvements Image Credit: Yamaha Small Aircraft Image Credit: Joby 2030 2020 Gain experience through integration and demonstration on progressively larger platforms Knowledge through Integration & Demonstration + 17
Community Outcomes 2015 Exploration of Alternative Propulsion Systems 2025 Initial Introduction of Alternative Propulsion Systems 2035 Intro of Alternative Propulsion Systems to Aircraft of All Sizes NASA Outputs Mature foundation technologies, architect HEP aircraft and Vert Lift vehicles, demonstrate subsystems and integrated prototypes Fly technology demonstrators, prototype subsystems and advanced components Refined and optimized HEP aircraft and propulsion system concepts and components Technology Demos/Insertions SCEPTOR Thin Haul Commuter Demo Thin Haul Commuter Enters Service Medium Commuter Demo Regional Transport Flt Demo Single Aisle flight Demo Research Themes 4 PAX Vertical Lift Vehicle Demo Explore PAI and DEP configuration More Electric Turbofan Enters Service 8 PAX Vert Lift Vehicle Demo 9-12 PAX Vertical Lift enters service Technology Integration Concepts (Vehicle/Synergy) Wing/Fuselage BLI and DEP Acoustics and DEP Controls associated with DEP Split Wing with upper/lower DEP DEP w/conventional or high aspect ration wings Power & Propulsion Architectures Explore elec / hybrid / turboelectric configurations 200 KW 10 MW Explore elec / hybrid / turboelectric configurations 10 MW 20 MW Explore elec / hybrid / turboelectric configurations 20MW 50 MW Non-Superconducting Powertrain Components HEP Components/ Enablers Superconducting Powertrain Components, including Thermal Ctr. Advanced Turbines, Controls, Range Extenders Energy Storage, Power Distribution & Mgt. kw, MW, 10s MW Powertrain Models, Testing & Validation Modeling and Testing to support Validation & Certification HEP Models / Sims &Test Capability Single String, Full Powertrain, Full Vehicle Modeling & Simulation High Fidelity CFD, Integrated Turbine and Electric Controls, Power & Energy Storage Management Dependencies / Opportunities Small Core Turbine from 4A Leverage industry battery, fuel cell developments, wide band gap semi-conductors Alternative Fuels from 4A Leverage DoD architecture parametric studies, industry studies and developments (DARPA, Google, Facebook, Boeing) Version: 19jan2016 19
Top 6 Risks 1. If projected improvement in the energy sector that we expect to leverage (ex. batteries, fuel cells, power electronics) are not realized then HEP may be applicable to small aircraft, but large all electric/hybrid-electric transports cannot be achieved and the environmental impact not realized. 2. If HEP component technologies are not realized, then the benefits of HEP vehicles will not be fully realized 3. If industry does not agree significant savings can be achieved then they will not invest in vehicles. 4. If electrification poses significant safety or certification hurdles, then integration into fleet will become too costly 5. If the community can t cost effectively change/enhance the energy infrastructure at airports, then the viability of electrically powered aircraft will not be realized 6. If energy sources used to power electric/hybrid electric systems are not from clean energy from a life cycle perspective, the climate benefits will not be realized nor systems developed and fielded. 20
Leverage Opportunities Leverage early adopter market opportunities to establish new certification criteria and accelerate industry technology investments. Leverage efforts in the Energy and Transportation sectors to improve battery and fuel cell energy density. Higher energy density in these devices may enable all electric architectures and enhance hybrid electric architectures. Leveraging advances in small core turbine engine technologies being developed by industry would enhance hybrid electric architectures Leveraging DoD s and DARPA s investment and knowledge in HEP for civilian and military dual use applications will allow NASA to explore a wider range of configurations. Leverage lessons learned from electric/hybrid aircraft propulsion efforts by Google, Facebook, and Boeing to learn how to design, build, integrate and operate vehicles 21
Outline ARMD Overview Thrusts, Programs, Projects ARMD Strategic Thrust 4b Electric/Hybrid Electric ARMD FY17 President s Budget Implications 23
New Aviation Horizons Flight Demo Plan Hybrid Electric Propulsion Demonstrators Transport Scale Ground Test Risk Reduction Preliminary Design Small Scale Build, Fly, Learn Design & Build Flight Test Design & Build Flight Test DP Total Demonstration Cost ROM: $700M Design & Build Flight Test Validated HEP Concepts, Technologies And Integration for U.S. Industry to Lead the Clean Propulsion Revolution Purpose-Built UEST Demonstrators Ground Test Risk Reduction Ground Test Risk Reduction Preliminary Design DP Preliminary Design Fully integrated UEST Demonstrator DP DP Preliminary Design Images Credit: Lockheed Martin Design & Build Design & Build Design & Build Life Cycle Cost ROM: $400-500M Potential Candidates Flight Test Life Cycle Cost ROM: $400-500M Flight Test Life Cycle Early Cost Est: $850M Flight Test Validated ability for U.S. Industry to Build Transformative Aircraft that use 50% less energy and produce less than half of the perceived noise DP Design & Build Life Cycle Cost Est: $430M Flight Test Enables Low Boom Regulatory Standard and validated ability for industry to produce and operate commercial low noise supersonic aircraft FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25 FY26 www.nasa.gov 26 26
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