Hydro-Québec and transportation electrification: A new way of filling up Pierre-Luc Desgagné Senior Director Strategic Planning Alternative Fuel Vehicles Conference September 27, 2012
Personnal electric transportation Battery electric (BEV) Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) Extended-range (EREV) Mitsubishi i-miev Fully electric motor Ford Escape Electric motor and combustion engine GM Volt Electric motor with on-board combustion generator
The future of electric vehicles May 28, 2012 Three main challenges to electric vehicle adoption: 1. Cost of electric vehicles 2. Limited range 3. Lack of charging stations
1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Indice (1963 = 100) 1 Cost of electric vehicles ÉVOLUTION DE L'INFLATION ET DES PRIX DE L'ÉNERGIE AU QUÉBEC 1963-2012 4,000 Électricité WTI IPC Canada 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Électricité
1 Cost of electric vehicles Vehicle Consumption per 100 km Price Cost Electricity 16 kwh X $ 0.078 / kwh = $1.25 Gas 8.2 litres X 1.53 $ / litre = $12.55 Assumptions : It costs 10 times less to drive an electric vehicle. An annual savings of about $2,000. Average price at the pump for regular gas in Montréal on September 12, 2012. Average residential electricity rate for a client consuming 1,000 kwh per month (April 1, 2012). According to CAA-Québec s report (February 2012), gas prices in Québec increased 20 % in 2011. - Peak of $1.449 per litre (May 11, 2011, in Montréal)
1 Cost of electric vehicles In Québec: Up to $8,000 in rebates as of January 1, 2012 Credit for the purchase and installation of 240-volt residential charging stations available as of January1, 2012 Group purchase of 400 EVs (companies) We must add Québec government s incentives and fuel savings
2 Limited range
2 Limited range R : 40 km R : 20 km Boucherville R : 10 km R : 2,5 km 10 km
2 Limited range Preliminary results of the Boucherville pilot project Spring 2012 Actual December 2012 / March 2012 Basis 30 EVs 8.6 months Distance (km) 283,221 Other observations: Users satisfaction rating: 8.9/10. Nearly 60% of charging energy is from the user s residence. In winter, the majority of trips (60 km or less) can be made with just one charge at home
2 Limited range Fleet distribution during week Source: Tate and Savagian (GM) SAE 2009-01-13
3 Charging The first network of public charging stations for plug-in electric vehicles in Canada Founding partners New partners
3 Charging Gradual roll-out adapted to the arrival of plug-in EVs on the Québec market Flat fee, geolocation service, 24/7 support (CAA-Québec) Starting points: metropolitan regions of Montréal and Québec 400-V quick-charging stations to follow / certification and tests in Québec and Canada Visit www.theelectriccircuit.com
3 Charging The Electric Circuit Data and usage statistics Number of members 400 Average number of weekly charges 35 Number of 240-volt charging stations currently in use Number of charging stations in service at the end of September 2012 Number of charging stations in service by the end of 2012 84 100 150
3 Charging I am also aware that you are developing an extensive charging infrastructure that is becoming a model internationally. Sergio Marchionne President and CEO Chrysler-FIAT Speech in Montréal, October 2011
4 A great opportunity for Québec customers 1 million PEV = Eastmain-1 (3 TWh or 3 billion kwh) Robust distribution system: no significant additions required As an indication, the annual consumption of a single PEV that travels 18,000 km per year is equivalent to that of a 40-gallon (180-L) water heater.
4 A great opportunity for Québec customers An EV emits less GHG than a gas-powered vehicle, regardless of how that electricity is produced 215 times less GHG emissions when an EV is powered by hydroelectricity Well-to-Wheels EV Miles per Gallon Equivalent (mpg ghg ) by Electricity Source Basis for comparison Electric vehicle Gas powered, compact model 27 Coal 30 Natural gas 54 Solar 500 Nuclear 2 000 Wind 3 900 Hydropower 5 800 The higher the number, the less an EV emits GHG. Source : Union of Concerned Scientists, State of charge, April 2012
4 A great opportunity for Québec customers Main exports (2011) Main imports (2011) 6.2 11,0 G$ 5.1 G$ 7,2 4,8 2.2 2,1 2,0 Aluminium Aluminum an et Avions Planes entiers Papier Copper journal and other alliages metals other metals Newspapers Cuivre et Oil Pétrole Automobiles Vehicles Dérivés pétrole Médicaments et Oil products et charbon pharmacie alliages and coal Medication and pharmacy products if... Imaginez si... Source : Institut de la Statistique du Québec
A final heavenly argument? Pope Benedict XVI gets an electric popemobile September 5, 2012
Conclusions Electric vehicles available (7 models) Financial assistance from Québec government is significant Fueling done at home instead of the gas station Public charging network is being rolled-out Substantial savings compared to gas-powered vehicles Fill-ups done using clean energy: Québec electricity The distribution system is robust Impact on Québec s trade deficit is interesting A choice that pays off $ individually and collectively
ANNEXE APPENDIX
3 Charging Survey on the 240-volt charging of 2,700 Nissan Leafs Evening and night charging: vehicles progressively unplugged as of 5 a.m. and plugged again as of 4 p.m. Consumption peak around 8 p.m. and demand drops around 1 a.m. No demand between 6 a.m. and noon Charging needs remain limited: 2 hour-charging on average / vehicles charge for more than 11 hours
4 A great opportunity for Québec customers CANADA
PEV models available on the Québec market i-miev Plug-in Toyota Prius Ford Focus Electric Tesla "S" Chevrolet Volt Fisker Karma Nissan Leaf
PEV models available in 2013 Mercedes Smart Electric Ford C-Max Energi Chevrolet Spark Honda Fit Electric Fiat 500 Electric Ford Fusion Energi Toyota RAV4 Electric Via Motors VTRUX Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV