Engines for Green Aviation s Future Alan Epstein Vice President, Technology & Environment Pratt & Whitney EcoAviation Washington, June 2010
Evolution in By-Pass Ratio, Efficiency, & Noise Turbojets Turbofans Low bypass Turbofans High bypass Lower fuel consumption so - Lower CO 2 - Lower NO x - Lower Cost GTF TM Engine Ultra high bypass 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Engine certification date
Propulsion System Fundamentals High Fuel Burn Noise Better Advanced Turbofan (ATF) 5-10dB lower noise 5~6% better fuel burn Geared Turbofan (GTF) engine Low Low Bypass Ratio Higher Fan Pressure Ratio Fan Diameter High Bypass Ratio Lower Fan Pressure Ratio 2
4 Decades Evolution of Commercial Engines 0-5% -10% -15% 1980s 737/A320 Single Aisle 1990s, 2000s component upgrades 2010s GTFs ENGINE Δ FUEL BURN 1980s 767/A300 Twin Aisle 1990s 777/A330 2000s 787/A380-20% 5 7 10 12 15 Bypass Ratio 5 7 10 12 15 Bypass Ratio
Innovative New Engine Designs PurePower Engine benefits Fuel burn improvement 12-15% CO 2 emissions reduced by 3000 Tons per aircraft per year NOx emissions cut in half Noise levels of Stage 4 minus 20 db 1,500 fewer airfoils Lower maintenance cost $1.5M annual cost savings per aircraft Gear The Comprehensive Approach to Economic and Environmental Operation
Fan Drive Gear System Simple Design Extraordinary Reliability 30,000 hp gear Gear Test Rig 40,000 equivalent take-offs to date with no significant wear
PurePower Engines Look Different Ultra-high Efficiency, Low Noise Fan V2500 Engine PurePower Demo Engine Leading Industry Change
PurePower Engines Are Different Advanced Nacelle Leading Industry Change
Three Interlocking Enabling Technologies Proven in Extensive Ground & Flight Testing Very Light Weight Reliable Gear Light Weight Extra Efficient Fan Advanced Nacelle 2 +2 + 2 = 15% Improvement in Fuel Burn
PurePower Engines 20 Years of New Technology 40K Demo engine 11K Demo engine 30K Flight demos 1990 2000 2010 Thrust in thousands of pounds (K) Flight weight design Gear Test Rigs 30K Ground demo Leading Industry Change
New PurePower PW1000G Powered Aircraft Bombardier CSeries EIS 2014 Mitsubishi Regional Jet EIS 2014 Irkut MC-21 EIS 2016-2018 Bombardier and CSeries are trademarks of Bombardier Inc.
Add Value by Reducing Fuel Burn and Noise Propulsion for the 2020s and Beyond High Noise Fuel Burn Turbofan GTF Engine Noise Next Generation GTF Engine >2020 TSFC Fuel Burn Weight & Drag Low Fuel Burn (Higher FPR) (Lower BPR) Fan Diameter (Lower FPR) (Higher BPR)
Long Runway for GTF Engine Improvement Ch 4 5 10 1997 Reference Lower CO 2 Advanced Open Rotor Noise (EPNdB) 15 20 25 30 Lower Noise Geared Turbofan Engine Advanced GTF Engine 35 Base 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Engine Fuel Consumption
The Value of Speed And Range Cruise Mach Number 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 SHORT MEDIUM LONG A400M Q400 787-8 EMB170 737-800 757-200 A330-300 A380-800 TURBOFANS TURBOPROPS 0.40 ATR72 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Design Range (nm)
Aircraft Configurations Must Generate Value New Aircraft Must Drop Ownership Cost By 15% or More PW1000G GTF Engine -15% Cost EIS 2013-2015 Reference V2500 1988 EIS Adv GTF Engine -30% Cost EIS 2020-2025 2015 2020 2025 2030 Unconventional Installations Gen 3 GTF Engine -45% Cost EIS 2030-2035
MIT-Aurora-P&W NASA N+3 Design Concept 70% Fuel Burn Reduction, -70dB Noise
Summary Engine innovation delivering green performance gains ~15% fuel burn improvements entering service in 2013-16 ~30% fuel burn gains in 2025~2030 New aircraft configurations may offer dramatic gains Significant gain comes from optimization for low flight speed (M~.74) Most attractive for shorter range applications But, significant technical risk may require an X-plane first Quiet, geared ducted propulsion is the future UHB dramatically drops noise and fuel burn & increases value PurePower Engines set a new standard for the next 30+ years
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