Énergies renouvelables Production éco-responsable Transports innovants Procédés éco-efficients Ressources durables EVs and PHEVs environmental and technological evaluation in actual use F. Badin, IFPEN, France
IFPEN methodology Innovations for EVs and PHEVs optimization Stock vehicle Concept dedicated to a specific use System simulation Vehicle evaluation Ch. Dyno or road tests Vehicle system simulation* Wide range of usage conditions Characterization & Simulation Innovative concept Innovative components implementation in vehicle * : LMS Imagine.Lab Amesim TM software Innovative components design and energy management optimization Innovation & Implementation 2
Vehicle system simulation AMESim EVs / HEVs / PHEVs vehicle digital simulator 3
Software validation (1/2) PHEV Opel Ampera case Charge depleting Electric consumption Wh/km from BAT pack Charge sustaining Gasoline consumption L/100 km Measurements Simulation Driving schedules Driving schedules 4
Software validation (2/2) PHEV Opel Ampera case Charge sustaining Drivetrain operating mode (% of time) WLTC cold start Simulation Measurement
Software and procedures cross validation Comparison of drivetrain architectures, and evaluation procedures : Europe and USA; In the frame of IEA Task15 PHEVs WG EEC vs US Unadjusted Standards (hybrids only) Par. HEV - EEC 4.5 Par. HEV - US Fuel Consumption [L/100km] 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 50 100 150 Elec. Consumption [W.h/km] Par. PHEV - EEC Par. PHEV - US InSplit HEV - EEC InSplit HEV - US InSplit PHEV - EEC InSplit PHEV - US OutSplit PHEV - EEC OutSplit PHEV - US Series - EEC Series - US BEV - EEC BEV - US 6
Influence of driver s aggressiveness (1/3) Dynamic analysis (NEDC cycle base, EV case) Speed [km/h] 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 rr Target speed 'Aggressive driver 'Ordinary driver 'Economic driver Distance [m] 7
Influence of driver s aggressiveness (2/3) EVs energy consumption 8 Energy consumption [Wh/km] 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 'Aggressive driver 'Ordinary driver 'Economic driver +37 % +15% 80 0 20 40 60 80 100 Mean speed [km/h]
Influence of driver s aggressiveness (3/3) Component stress analysis (battery) 800 700 600 Economic driver Aggressive driver Time [s] 500 400 300 200 100 0 Motoring Possible strong influence on battery ageing (current and temperature) -5C -4,5C -4C -3,5C -3C -2,5C -2C -1,5C -1C -0,5C 0 0,5C 1C 1,5C 2C 2,5C 3C Rated capacity [-] Braking Possible strong influence on battery ageing (current and temperature) 9
IFPEN methodology Innovations for EVs and PHEVs optimization Stock vehicle Concept dedicated to a specific use Vehicle evaluation Ch. Dyno or road tests Vehicle system simulation* Wide range of usage conditions Characterization & Simulation Innovative concept Innovative components implementation in vehicle * : LMS Imagine.Lab Amesim TM software Innovative components design and energy management optimization Innovation and optimization Innovation & Implementation 10
R&D dedicated to innovative components Energy storage systems: Cell / pack / cooling system specification & design ESS sizing & electronic design for automotive and stationary applications BMS SoC, SoH estimator Electric machines and power electronics: Optimized sizing for EM and Power Electronics according to thermal and cooling constraints for dedicated vehicle use Validation on HIL high speed test benches Optimized control algorithms Torque [N.m] Motor efficiency [%] 83 4 85 97 84 90 75 40 81 82 86 87 88 94 62 59 92 79 25076 78 96 91 72 80 77 89 73 93 95 93 95 71 77 89 97 76 78 53 56 50 82 80 81 86 87 88 75 79 91 92 96 65 68 84 74 200 94 83 85 90 90 4094 62 59 79 92 91 72 80 150 89 73 96 93 95 71 776 78 95 83 85 84 100 86 87 88 94 96 95 93 93 95 94 92 5089 91 90 91 92 94 9392 87 88 91 90 89 83 8584 83 85 87 88 90 84 86 65 68 50 53 5640 71 737262 59 7465 68 50 53 5640 71 7372 74 74 75 81 82 76 62 59 65 68 75 75 78 7677 7877 8079 83 8584 87 88 89 86 81 82 8079 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Rotation speed[rev/min] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 11
A range of innovations in components, control and software New battery pack concepts and management for enhanced storage capacity, ageing and safety Cost effective hybrid transmission for LDVs Innovative high speed electric machine and power electronics Optimized energy management and grid recharge Multi model integration and tool coupling co-simulation platform 2
IFPEN methodology Innovations for EVs and PHEVs optimization Stock vehicle Concept dedicated to a specific use Vehicle evaluation Ch. Dyno or road tests Vehicle system simulation* Wide range of usage conditions Characterization & Simulation Innovative concept Innovative components implementation in vehicle * : LMS Imagine.Lab Amesim TM software Implementation in Vehicle and system Innovative components design and energy management optimization Innovation & Implementation 13
Examples of implementations in vehicles HD EVs and PHEVS Target 40% fuel consumption gain Hybrid Delivery Van Target 25% fuel consumption gain Diesel Hybrid LDV Target 50 g CO 2 / km IFPEN Parallel PHEV LabCar Validate and demonstrate the innovations 14
Énergies renouvelables Production éco-responsable Transports innovants Procédés éco-efficients Ressources durables www.ifpenergiesnouvelles.fr