Energy Crops and Co-Products in the Region --- What does is mean? WA/OR Green Pea Association Annual Meeting Elk Lodge Milton-Freewater February 13, 2007 Don Wysocki Extension Soil Scientist Oregon State University Agricultural Research Center Pendleton, Oregon 541-278 278-4396 dwysocki@oregonstate.edu
Outline Processes Starch/sugar ethanol Cellulosic ethanol Biodiesel Proposed Capacities WA/OR Consequences Adjustments
Energy from Crops Biofuels Ethanol Starch Ethanol Lignocellulosic Ethanol Biodiesel
Fuel Gasoline Diesel Ethanol Biodiesel Energy Balance 0.805 0.843 1.34 3.20 Net Energy difference -19.5 percent -15.7 percent 34 percent 220 percent Economic Research Service Report 814 (2002)
Daily Petroleum Usage Product (2001) Gasoline Diesel/Distillate Oregon Gallons x 10 6 /day 4.2 2.0 Washington 7.3 2.8 Energy Information Administration http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/state/or.html
Ethanol Production Starch to Ethanol Grain (Corn, Barley, Wheat, Potato) Energy ratio of 1.24-1.38 1.38
Two Types of Ethanol Mills protein
Dry-Milling Average Yield Per Bushel Ethanol 2.7 gal. DDGS 18 lb CO2 18 lb Federal Tax Credit = $0.51/gallon
100 in operation US Ethanol Plants 40 in construction = 1.8 Billion gallons?? Proposed
(BGPY)
North American DDG Production Metric To 10000000 9000000 8000000 7000000 6000000 5000000 4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 0 320,000 900,000 1,800,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 7,000,000 9,000,000 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Est 2006
Cellulosic Ethanol
Oil Crushing Cold Crushing Yields 20-45 % Oil 65 70 % Meal
US Biodiesel Market 35 Biodiesel plants operating, 50 under development 2004 Sales > 25 million gallons 2006 > 200 million gallon increase in Capacity January 1 2005 $1/gallon Tax incentive
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 14 Gel Point of Biodiesels 57 18 20 61 57 Lard Tallow Corn Soybean Palm Sunflower Rapeseed F
Washington Ethanol Location/Owner/stage Plymouth (Pacific Ethanol), permit Moses Lake (Global Ethanol) permit Finley (Columbia Renewable Energy) permit Wallula (Financing from India) Vancouver (Great Western Malting) Tokio (Premier Bio Energy) permit Longview, (US Ethanol) constructing, 2008 Moses Lake (Liquefaction Corporation) permit Capacity MGY 55 60 55 100 55 55 55 12 447 Feedstock Corn? Corn? Corn? Corn Barley? Corn? Corn?
Washington Biodiesel Facility Seattle (Seattle Biodiesel) operational Creston (Columbia BioEnergy, LLC) operational Grays Harbor (Imperium Renewable/Seattle Biodiesel) 50% complete, 2007, Paul Allen Burbank (NorthWest BioFuels Inc.) (SEPA submitted) *Port of Warden (Washington Biodiesel) $380,780 in permittng Port of Sunnyside/Natural Selection Farms, Air permit complete Tacoma (Baker Commodity) Tacoma (Sound Refining) - 30 MGY (proposed) *Spokane (Spokane Conservation District) $853,871(planning) Mount Vernon (Whole Energy) financing complete *Odessa (Fred Fleming) - $848,102 Columbia County (Pacific AgriEnergy) Moses Lake (Adrian Higgenbotham) Columbia Bio Energy MGY 5 3 100 31 35 0.5 15.5 30 5 10 5 13.5 5 5 260 feedstock soy soy palm?? canola canola recycle oil? Brassica?? Brassica Brassica
Oregon Ethanol Location/Owner/stage Boardman, Pacific Ethanol Stanfield, Inland Pacific Ethanol Oregon Ethanol Altra Ethanol EXL III Ethanol St. Helens, Cascade Grain Ontario, Treasure Valley Renew. Res. Capacity MGY 35 120 42 50 100 40 40 427 Feedstock Corn Corn Corn Corn Corn Corn Barley/wheat
Oregon Biodiesel Facility Inland Biodiesel Inland Pacific Biodiesel Altra Biodiesel EXL III Biodiesel MGY 10 96 40 60 201 feedstock soy canola canola soy
Washington and Oregon Combined Ethanol & Biodiesel State Washington Ethanol MGY 447 Biodiesel MGY 260 Oregon Total 427 874 201 460
Calculations for 100 MGY 100 MGY Plant Feedstock tons Acres Meal tons Cows Glycerin gallons Canola Biodiesel 1800#/A 900,000 1,000,000 540,000 570,000 10,000,000 Corn Ethanol 150 bu/a 1,037,000 245,000 333,000 183,000 Soy Biodiesel 50 bu/a 1,800,000 1,250,000 1,080,000 1,140,000 10,000,000
Combined Ethanol & Biodiesel Facility Washington Oregon Total Ethanol MGY 447 427 874 Biodiesel MGY 260 201 460 100 MGY Plant Feedstock tons Acres Meal tons Cows Glycerin gallons Canola Biodiesel 1800#/A 900,000 1,000,000 540,000 570,000 10,000,000 Corn Ethanol 150 bu/a 1,037,000 245,000 333,000 183,000 Soy Biodiesel 50 bu/a 1,800,000 1,250,000 1,080,000 1,140,000 10,000,000
Oregon Production Scale Plant /Size Tons Acres DDGS/ Meal tons Cows Ethanol 30M 360,000 85,000 115,000 60,000 Biodiesel 10M 100,000 110,000 900 70,000
Summary Biofuels can only supply a small portion of current petroleum needs All proposed Biofuel plants will probably not be contstructed. Cellulosic Ethanol does not appear environmentally or logistically feasible in lower rainfall area < 15 annual prec.
Summary Proposed Plant Capacities for feedstock's are 10 to 20 X capacity of regional production Byproduct production is 10x or more the capacity of the region s s use. Capacities beyond the Oregon Scale will require import/export of feedstock and byproducts. REGIONAL OILSEED Production and Processing
Fatty Acids
Trans Fats
Essential Fatty Acids
Canola Oil Saturated mono-unsat. poly-unsat. 7% 55% 33% Sunflower Oil 10% 20% 66% Corn Oil 13% 24% 59% Soybean Oil 14% 23% 58% Palm Oil 49% 37% 9% Beef Fat 50% 42% 4% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
FDA Food Label Change