Synchronisation Challenges for SmartGrid Dr. Hugh Melvin, Discipline. of Information Technology, National University of Ireland, Galway (email: hugh.melvin@nuigalway.ie) http://pel.it.nuigalway.ie http://pel.ucd.ie 1 Dr. Hugh Melvin, NUI Galway : ITSF Dublin 2010
Outline Time & Timing within Power Systems SmartGrid Synch challenges for SmartGrid Conclusions 2
Time & Timing within Power Systems Background in Power Generation Aghada Conventional Gas Fired + CCGT Tarbert Conventional Oil fired Now owned by Endesa Moneypoint Conventional Coal fired 1000 MW 3
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Time & Timing within Power Systems 6 Time Synch Distributed Control System Millisecond level reqd for precise chronological event diagnosis Power Line Fault Detection Microsecond or better SCADA systems Timing Synch 2v3 voting systems Generator synch to transmission network
Original System (largely replaced) U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B 101 N8 AS220E 102 N8 AS220E 103 N8 AS220E 104 N8 AS220E 105 N8 AS220E 106 N8 AS220E 107 N8 AS220E 108 N8 AS220E U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B 125 N16 R30 123 N-UHR M-Clock 141 NAT-24 Synogate 121 N16 OS254 112 N8 AS220E 111 N8 AS220E 110 N8 AS220E 109 N8 AS220E U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B U/I A U/I B Master Clock 7 127 N-BK Bus 1 126 N-BK Bus 0 160 NS5NAT PG750 133 N8 AS EHF 132 N8 AS EHF 131 N8 AS EHF 128 N8 AS231
Power Line Fault Detection System 8
Power Line Fault Detection System 9
Timing Synch 2v3 Redundancy CS275 U/I U/I Bus A Bus B N8 N8 CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3............ 10 Non-Redundant Control Circuits Double Redundant Safety Circuits 2 out of 3 Triple Redundant Safety Circuits
Synchroscope 11
SCADA Supervisory, Control & Data Acquisition Key component of Electrical Grid Infrastructure 2 parallel networks Transmission lines (LV/MV/HV) Associated SCADA communications infrastructure 12
Traditional Grid (src: Mick Mackey ESBI) 13
Traditional Grid One directional & predictable power flows Generator HV MV LV Consumer SCADA Limited need for data communications 14
Smart Grid : Definition? Visionary Revolutionary Complete Infrastructural Overhaul Engineer Evolutionary By necessity Continuity, Robustness, Safety Critical concerns 15
Smart Grid : Context Over-reliance on fossil fuel sourced energy Diminishing fossil fuel reserves Focus on renewables Security of supply Deregulation Environmental Concerns 16
Smart Grid : ICT Enabled 17
Generation 18 Renewable Predictable? CHP Microgeneration V2G Distributed generation New grid design & operation required Grid Infrastructure Investment
Smart Networks Radically different generation landscape Much more dynamic Need for precise realtime measurement, control & protection Hierarchical SCADA systems Phasor Measurement Units 19
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Smart Metering You cannot control what you don t understand Realtime energy demand profile Realtime pricing Realtime incentives 21
Smart Buildings You cannot control what you don t understand Energy Management Systems Building Management Systems Demand Side Management Sensor networks 22
Smart Grid : Synch Requirements 23
Conclusion SmartGrid is multi-faceted & ambitious Iterative deployment likely ICT is key enabler Time & Timing Synch are critical ESB Networks at forefront of SmartGrid deployment 24
Integrated Smart Networks Operational Challenges Rónán ÓhÓgartaigh, Operations Manager, Asset Management, ESB Networks. 1 Networks 1 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
ESB STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 2020 World Class Sustainable Networks A Renewable Business Of Scale Best Practice Generation Portfolio Customer Focused Supply Business Significant International Business Net Carbon Neutral By 2035 Leader In Energy Efficiency 2 Networks 2 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
Networks Will Be The Enabler Smarter Accessible Flexible Efficient 3 Networks 3 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
Wind Connections Q1 2009 4600 3940 1005 1420 Connected In Progress Gate 3 In Queue 4 Networks 4 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
Independent Generators Smart Networks Embedded generation Interconnectors Transmission System Distribution System Independent Suppliers 2.1m Customers PES Published Tariffs ESB Generation 5 Networks 5 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
Direction of Power Flow Independent Generators Interconnectors Transmission System Distribution System Independent Suppliers 2.1m Customers PES Published Tariffs ESB Generation 6 Networks 6 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
Wind generation profile 1200 1000 800 24/ 09/ 2009 600 25/ 09/ 2009 26/ 10/ 2009 400 200 0 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Time 7 Networks 7 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
8 Networks 8 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
9 Networks 9 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
System management System managers Management System Distribution Management System Distribution Control Centres Operations & Dispatch Operation Systems SCADA OMS Telecommunications Data acquisition & communications RTU s, Poling Radio, SatCom, copper Communication protocols Protocol IEC870-5-101, IEC870-5-104, Conitel, PacNet Substations Network devices Generation Network devices 10 Networks 10 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
Distribution Management System Optimal network configuration Short term generation and load forecasting Power flow analysis Protection performance Voltage control Direct generation and load control Automated network algorithms and control Day ahead operational planning Network simulation Training module 11 Networks 11 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
SCADA Alarm reset CB open/close Tapchanges Relays Alarms Circuit breaker status Amps, kv, MW SCADA Computers & Distribution Control Centre Station visit / repair NT callout Dispatch Request for station attendance 12 Networks 12 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
220kV 12 201 102 Substations monitored and controlled by DCCs 110kV 38kV DA 399 11000 9000 7000 Commands / Month from DCC s (Apr. 05 to Mar. 06) 13 Networks 13 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
Distribution Automation 14 Networks 14 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
Key Enablers System Management People Information Operation Systems Telecommunications 15 Networks 15 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
Smarter Accessible Flexible Efficient 16 Networks 16 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
Customer Perspective Continuity Quality of voltage Safety Communications & Information 17 Networks 17 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks
18 Networks 18 www.esb.ie/esbnetworks