James Avery Senior Vice President San Diego Gas & Electric United States
The New Smart Energy Era: Managing the Utility Business in a Changing Landscape
Macro-Drivers of the Smart Grid Strategic Components Environment Incorporate and enable all generation and storage options to support customer choice, improve grid stability, improve power supply options, reduce GHG Customer Enable energy markets and motivate customer s participation in energy management through smart energy devices, new products and services, increased Energy Efficiency (EE)/Demand Response (DR), adoption of PEVs and renewable resources Grid Enhance the grid to reduce customer disruptions, resist attack, improve workforce and asset optimization, and improve efficiency Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Integration, Renewable Resource Integration In-home/in-premise displays, control of individual appliances, Energy management systems/controllers Large Scale Energy Storage, Phasor Measurement Units, Self Healing Grid, Network Communications
Energy Policy Goals are Driving the Need for Smart Grid Investments Policy goals demand that we: Accommodate higher levels of intermittent renewable resources interconnected to distribution and transmission, as is required by law 20% Renewable Portfolio Standard statute; 33% Executive Order and SDG&E CEO commitment AB920 FIT requirements requiring utility to purchase energy from customer-generators SB17 Smart Grid Deployment Plan by 7.01.2011; Smart Grid OIR AB811, PACE, Million Solar Roofs Accommodate intermittent load fluctuations that will result from increased EV & PV market penetration AB32 Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Alternative Fuel Vehicle OIR; Smart Grid OIR Empower energy management behind the meter Demand Response OIR; Smart Grid OIR Be responsive to rulemaking proceedings at FERC and the CPUC
California Energy Policy Elements (2010) Mandatory SB 1078 SB 107 EO S-06-06 Mandatory R06-02-012 D10-03-021 20% of the load with 20% biomass TREC Market* Mandatory AB 2514 1990 levels (15% reduction from current levels) 3,000 MW of distributed PV Incentive MSR 33% of the load with 20% biomass Targets in process to be established for 2015 and 2020 Mandatory EO S-3-05 Mandatory EO S-14-08 EO S-06-06 80% below 1990 levels Greenhouse gas emission Renewable Energy Energy Storage 2000 2010 2012 2014 2016 2017 2019 2020 2025 2030 2050 Mandatory AB 2021 Incentive AB 1470 10% reduction of total forecasted electricity consumption 200,000 solar water heaters systems Energy Efficiency, including DR 5 Mandatory R06-04-010 D08-07-047 FERC must-offer requirement 2012 2020: 4500 MW / 16 GWh (elec) 620 Million Therms (gas) CA Resource Adequacy requirement 100% of zero net energy residential constructions Reliability (*) Tradable Renewable Energy Credit Market: April 2010 (with IOUs limits until 2012) Source: EPRI Mandatory R06-04-010 D07-10-032 100% of zero net energy commercial constructions
Factors Driving Need for Energy System Change Centralized renewables Intermittent availability issues Increased volume threatens grid stability Distributed renewables (rooftop solar) No control, can t see it, no communication Power quality issues will increase Electric vehicles Current system cannot manage potential volume Overall consumption may rise significantly National security Attacks on energy systems Economic impact Customer Empowerment Choice, Control, Convenience Smart Appliances, Smart Charging, Smart Rates Job of managing grid getting more complex; need to leverage technology
Large IOU Renewable Resource Mix Expected to Change Over Time
Intermittency: Photovoltaic Panel Output Variations Images: US DOE Image: sdge.com Graph: CAISO
Intermittency: California Wind Resources Image: SCE Data source: ISO Balancing Authority Area Hourly Wind Generation Data for 2009, CAISO
Intermittency: Texas Overspeed Event February 2007 Overspeed Wind Shutdown Wind Event on February 24, 2007, ERCOT presentation, C. Gonzalez-Perez
Sodium Sulfur (NaS) Batteries 34 MW NAS INSTALLATION for 51 MW Wind Farm Rokkasho, Japan Images: NGK Insulators Image: Electricity Storage Association Normal operating temperatures of 575-650 F
Distributed Generation
CEC PV Forecast and SDG&E Actual AC Nameplate Capacity
1MW PV - 10 Minutes on a Cloudy Day
PV Penetration 2009
PV Penetration 2014 Values are for illustration only and do not represent forecasts
Roll-out Schedule for Plug-in Electric Vehicles Saturn VUE BYD in Europe Chevrolet Volt (5.3kW charge) PHEV BEV Fisker Karma Kia LPG/Electric Subaru Stella Chrysler EPRI, Eaton, Ford Trouble Truck Nissan LEAF Smart for Two ZENN City BMW Mini E (7.7kW charge) BYD EV in China Mitsubishi imiev Toyota Prius Ford Escape Tesla Roadster Aptera BYD F3DM Hyundai 2009 2010 2010/2011 2012 Tesla Roadster Nissan Leaf Prius PHEV Prototype BYD F3DM 53kWh, 17kW@240V, 70A 3.5 hr charge 24kWh,3.3kW@240V,13A 8 hr charge
Electric Vehicle Charging Many drivers share patterns and arrive home near the same time A typical level 2 EV charge, 220V @ 30a could draw 6.6kW power Power demand from badly controlled charging a new, potentially disruptive peak Controlled overnight charging could result in no increase in peak load Source: EPRI
Smart Meter and Home Area Network Network to Meter Internet Pool Pump HAN HAN Smart Meter Battery Storage Electric Vehicle Gas Meter A/C