Implementing MW Scale Stand-Alone Off-Grid PV Hybrid Projects in Malaysia - a project analysis

Implementing MW Scale Stand-Alone Off-Grid PV Hybrid Projects in Malaysia - a project analysis 4 December 2012 Impact Arena, Exhibition and Convention Center, Bangkok, Thailand Wuthipong Suponthana, PhD. ws@leonics.com

General Electrical Power System Urban Area Power System Remote Area Power System DC coupling Stand Alone PV-WT Hybrid System

The system for Stand-Alone PV-Hybrid mini grid systems : Classification By IEA PVPS Task 11, 01-2012

Stand Alone PV Hybrid System Control Method 1. Rotating machine dominate system 1a. Single rotating machine 1b. Multi rotating machine 2. PCE dominate system 2a. Single PCE master 2b. Multi PCE master & slave Supervisory Control a. Genset Operation Control a1. Alternate operation of diesel units a2. Parallel genset operation with load sharing, reserve and transients covered by diesel b. Genset Dispatching Control b1. Schedule genset b2. SOC based diesel operation b3. Load based diesel operation Communication i. Communication Line i1 Hardware / Protocol a. RS485 / Modbus + Proprietary b. CAN / CANopen i2 IEEE P1547.3 guide line i3 IEC 61850 7 420 i4 UESP developed by CiA ii. Gird Line Characteristic ii1. Frequency ii2.frequency & Voltage Droop 3. Single switch master (rotating & PCE) c. PCE Supervisory Control without Storage c1. PV supply load and use excess energy to charger battery c2. Power limit control/back feed control c3. Dummy Load dispatching c4. Deferrable Load dispatching iii. On Off Signal 4. Multi master Inverter dominate d. PCE Supervisory Control with Storage d1. Transient support d2 PV and diesel genset base battery charging d3. PV battery charging only

1a. Single Rotating Machine Dominate Communication c2. Power limit control/back feed control Supervisory IEA PVPS Task 10

1b. Multi Rotating Machine Dominate Communication c2. Power limit control/back feed control Supervisory ii2.frequency & Voltage Droop DG Plant Control

2a. Single PCE Dominate Communication c2. Power limit control/back feed control Supervisory By frequency of grid Communication

2b. Multi PCE Dominate Communication c2. Power limit control/back feed control Supervisory By frequency of grid Communication Inverter control

3. Single Switch Master (Rotating Machine & PCE) Communication Supervisory Communication Inverter control DG Plant Control

4. Multi Masters Communication Supervisory By frequency/voltage droop

AC-Coupling & DC-Coupling : System Selection Control Type II Single Switch Master AC Coupling DC Coupling

DC Coupling good for Load at night time DC Coupling charge battery with higher PV to Battery Efficiency DC coupling > AC coupling 88.20% 80.37% At night time when battery supply load, the overall efficiency from PV to Load DC coupling > AC coupling 78.76% 71.77% AC Coupling good for Load at day time AC Coupling supply day time load with higher PV to Load Efficiency DC coupling < AC coupling 92.10% 95.0%

Use solar energy by AC coupling for Day time Load Use solar energy by DC coupling for Night time Load High Irradiation Day

Low Irradiation Day

MW scale Stand-Alone Hybrid Mini-Grid System (PV) = Photovoltaic Module, (I) = BDI + GCI, (B) = Battery, (DG) = Diesel Generator X.xx MW Total Power of INV+DG+PV 3.30 MW Kema 850 kwp (PV) 850 kw (I) 4,800 kwh (B) 1600 kw (DG) 3.45 MW Bario 906 kwp (PV) 1,100 kw (I) 3,860 kwh (B) 1,443 kva (DG) 4.93 MW Banggi 1,200 kwp (PV) 2,075 kw (I) 2,880 kwh (B) 1,650 kva (DG) 4.11 MW Tanjung Labian 1,212 kwp (PV) 1,650 kw (I) 4,320 kwh (B) 1250 kw (DG)

Grid Connect Inverter 250kW Bi-directional Battery Inverter 200kW x 3 = 600kW Diesel Generator 350kW 350kW 450kW 450kW 3.30 MW Kema PV on AC Coupling 250 kwp MPPT Charge Controller 70 kw x9 = 630kW Battery 480Vdc 4,800 kwh PV on DC Coupling 600kWp

Grid Connect Inverter 75kW x 3 = 225kW Grid Connect Inverter 250kW x 3 = 750kW Bi-directional Battery Inverter 300kW x 3 = 900kW Diesel Generator 350kW 500kW 500kW PV on AC Coupling Remote Station 4.93 MW Banggi Battery 480Vdc 720 kwh Battery 480Vdc 2,880 kwh MPPT Charge Controller 70 kw x3 = 210kW

Grid Connect Inverter 125kW x 4 = 600kW Bi-directional Battery Inverter 200kW x 3 = 600kW Diesel Generators 275kW 275kW 158kW 158kW 3.45 MW MPPT Charge Controller 70 kw x98= 560kW Bario PV on AC Coupling 402 kwp Battery 480Vdc 3,860 kwh PV on DC Coupling 483.84 kwp

4.45MW PV-DG Hybrid Mini Grid System Tanjung Labian, Sabah, Malaysia PV : 1,467 kwp, Inverter : 1,650 kva, DG : 1,350 kva, Battery : 4,320 kwh

Load Profile for Tanjung Labian for design the system AC coupling Match Design Load at Day time

Grid Connect Inverter 250kW x 3 = 750kW Bi-directional Battery Inverter 300kW x 3 = 900kW Diesel Generator 350kW 500kW 500kW MPPT Charge Controller 70 kw x9 = 630kW PV on AC Coupling Remote Station 255 kwp (Phase 2) PV on AC Coupling 750 kwp Battery 480Vdc 4,320 kwh PV on DC Coupling 512 kwp

Inverter is Master All AC Power from Grid Connected go to Load AC PV Supplying 541.8 kw Load Consume 635.3 kw Battery Supplying 105.3 kw

Inverter is Master All AC Power from Grid Connected go to Load PV power from DC coupling go to Load through Bidirectional inverter Balance of DC power go to charge battery AC PV Supplying 530.7 kw DC PV Supplying 112.9 kw Load Consume 634.6 kw PV Charging 66.8 kw

Inverter is Master All AC Power from Grid Connected go to Load Excess AC Power pass Bi-Directional to charge battery AC PV Supplying 402.1 kw Load Consume 332.3 kw Charging to Battey 28.8 kw

Generator is Master DC Coupling Charge battery Bidirectional support power to Generator Gens Suplying 624.0 kw Load Consume 717.6 kw PV Supporting 99.5 kw PV Charging 74.9 kw

AC coupling PR 70% AC coupling Efficiency 95.4 % 166.40 165.50 166.10 499.00 499 kw 134 kw DC coupling PR 75.6% 204 kw 155 kw DC coupling Efficiency 96.7 % 633 kw

Thank you Any Questions are welcome