Stan Caldwell Executive Director Traffic21 Institute Carnegie Mellon University

Stan Caldwell Executive Director Traffic21 Institute Carnegie Mellon University

Connected Vehicles Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)

Safer cars. Safer Drivers. Safer roads. Thank You! Tim Johnson tim.johnson@dot.gov www.nhtsa.gov 11385

NHTSA s strategy to address highway traffic fatalities includes a strong focus on crash avoidance technologies, including DSRC-based Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communications Light vehicles V2V ANPRM and readiness report released in August, NPRM to propose requiring V2V in new light vehicles expected 2016 Electronic Stability Control - FMVSS 126 Rear Visibility Systems - FMVSS 111 Forward Crash Warning and Lane Departure Warning - NCAP program Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) - Research report recently docketed, including latest test procedures. Agency decision upcoming.

Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communications Vehicles talk to each other exchanging information such as vehicle size, position, speed, heading, lateral/longitudinal acceleration, yaw rate, throttle position, brake status, steering angle, wiper status, turn signal status, enabling safety and mobility applications High safety benefit potential many different crash types can be addressed Technology: Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) at 5.9GHz Range: About 300 Meters DSRC augments or replaces onboard sensors (radar, camera, etc)

V2V Technology 5.9 GHz DSRC What is it? Wi-Fi radio adapted for vehicle environment How does it work? A Basic Safety Message (BSM) is transmitted from each equipped vehicle 10 times per second. BSM includes information about the vehicles location, speed and heading. Each vehicle listens for these message from other vehicles, computes trajectories, and identifies potential crash situations Warnings are issued to the driver if a crash is determined to be imminent.

Key Components of a vehicular DSRC System For V2V, combination of: Hardware Software Driver-Vehicle Interface Data V2V Safety Applications Security Services

Connected Vehicle Safety Program Partners and Contractors

Naturalistic Testing Safety Pilot in Ann Arbor, MI. Key Elements: 73 miles of instrumented roadway 29 roadside units Approx. 3000 vehicles Cars, trucks, buses Integrated, aftermarket, and retrofit devices 1 year of data collection Multiple safety applications, vehicle OEMs, and suppliers Additional features: Exercised security options Vetted non-production, basic device certification processes

Technical Challenges Ensuring Interoperability Finalizing communication standards Managing congestion and available spectrum Detecting bad actors (misbehavior) and limiting impacts of anomalous messages Ensuring security of messaging (authenticity, trust) between vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure Protecting Privacy Efficient data delivery system (to support necessary V2I and I2V communications)

V2V: USDOT/NHTSA Decision On February 3, 2014 DOT Secretary Anthony Foxx and NHTSA Acting Administrator Friedman announcement. Issue a regulatory proposal within this Administration Intend to require an onboard DSRC-based V2V communications technology Potential to address 80% of crashes involving non-impaired drivers!

National Affiliated Test Beds PA

V2I Infrastructure near Pittsburgh Cranberry Township, PA Located 20 miles north of Pittsburgh, PA 1.8 mile stretch along Rt. 19 corridor 11 intersections are instrumented

Surtrac Adaptive Signal Control Expansion 2014-15 Fall 2014 Fall 2014

Connectivity Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Includes all types of communication with vehicles and infrastructure (Wi-Fi, DSRC, Cellular, etc.) Connected Vehicle Communicates with nearby vehicles and infrastructure

Connectivity Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Includes all types of communication with vehicles and infrastructure (Wi-Fi, DSRC, Cellular, etc.) Autonomous Vehicle Operates in isolation from other vehicles using internal sensors Connected Vehicle Communicates with nearby vehicles and infrastructure

Connectivity Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Includes all types of communication with vehicles and infrastructure (Wi-Fi, DSRC, Cellular, etc.) Autonomous Vehicle Operates in isolation from other vehicles using internal sensors Connected Vehicle Connected Automated Vehicle Communicates with nearby vehicles and infrastructure

Autonomous Driving NavLab: Intelligent Vehicles Robotics Institute 27th anniversary Autonomous vehicles Pedestrian tracking Sensors and movement prediction Carnegie Mellon

Autonomous Vehicle Sensing DARPA Challenge 2007 (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) Carnegie Mellon

Autonomous Vehicles 2007 GM Lab 2012 GM Lab Carnegie Mellon

Trunk Space

Uber News Uber and CMU Announce Strategic Partnership and Advanced Technologies Center February 2, 2015 Posted by Craig

John Capp, Director Electrical & Controls Research

Pittsburgh Demonstration 9-4-14 Cranberry Township Pittsburgh Airport 33 miles along Route 19 in multi-lane, dense traffic with lights and two interstate highways

Washington DC June 24-25, 2014

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles 2040 Vision

Connected & Autonomous Vehicles 2040 Vision Infrastructure investment and design Communication devices Real time data use Driver licensing Workforce training needs Freight movement

Exogenous: The complexity & uncertainty of the real world Weather, lighting, and road conditions; construction; accidents; obsolete information, loss of GPS. Endogenous: Online and safe recovery from failures of sensors, actuators, computing or communications. Sensors and actuators Calibration, wear and tear, outright failure. Assurance: How to verify and validate safety & correctness? Interactions: Vehicular Networks communicate securely and coordinate carefully Reliability cost and maintenance, customer acceptance Incremental deployment Semi-autonomy on-demand autonomy full autonomy Legal implications

Proposed PennDOT Actions 2014-2020 2014-2016 Thorough evaluation of all existing and planned capacity/los enhancement and ITS related investments. Collaboration with private sector to convert data into information for sending to cloud. Prioritization of safety and mobility applications. Identification and prioritization of key locations for DSRC and roadside equipment deployment. Funding allocation for DSRC and roadside units. 2015: FHWA Guidance to V2I Deployment 2016-2020 Upgrading signal controllers, equipment and firmware where necessary. Early small-scale deployment of V2I applications at key locations. 2021-2030 Collaboration with local and state educational institutions to enhance workforce training. Update of testing criteria for level 3 automation. Design of driver licensing training for emergency situations, system malfunctions, regulations and human interaction levels. Work with the trucking industry and State Police to design features tailored to these stakeholders. Deployment expansions large scale deployment of equipment and applications. 2031-2040 Provisions for a new license class for those wishing to drive their manual cars. Dedicating some highway lanes to autonomous vehicle use. Reconfiguration and repurposing of the lanes. Phasing out the freight infrastructure (e.g. over-height warnings, weigh stations) as new technologies are introduced.

Proposed PennDOT Actions 2014-2016 Thorough evaluation of all existing and planned capacity/los enhancement and ITS related investments. Collaboration with private sector to convert data into information for sending to cloud. Prioritization of safety and mobility applications. Identification and prioritization of key locations for DSRC and roadside equipment deployment. Funding allocation for DSRC and roadside units. 2015: FHWA Guidance to V2I Deployment (8-20-14 ANPRM)

Proposed PennDOT Actions 2016-2020 Upgrading signal controllers, equipment and firmware where necessary. Early small-scale deployment of V2I applications at key locations.

Proposed PennDOT Actions 2021-2030 Collaborate with local and state educational institutions to enhance workforce training. Update driver testing criteria for Level 3 automation. Design of driver licensing training for emergency situations, system malfunctions, regulations and human interaction levels. Work with the trucking industry and State Police to design features tailored to these stakeholders. Deployment expansions large scale deployment of equipment and applications.

Proposed PennDOT Actions 2031 2040 Provide for a new license class for those wishing to drive their manual cars. Dedicate some highway lanes to autonomous vehicle use. Reconfigure and repurpose lanes. Phase out freight infrastructure (e.g. over-height warnings, weigh stations) as new technologies are introduced.

Policy Implications Safety Mobility & Access Congestion & VMT Public Transportation Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Energy & Environment Land Use Economy & Jobs