USE-HAAS Project Presentation 15 March 2006 HAAS - High Altitude Aircraft and Airships Prof. Dr. Arie Lavie Project Coordinator Jean-Pierre Lentz EU Scientific Officer Contract No ASA4-CT-2005-516081 USE HAAS Title: Study on High Altitude Aircrafts (HAAS) and Airships, Deployed for Specific Aeronautical and Space Applications. Strategic Objective: Developing a EU Research Strategy in the High Altitude Aircraft Sector
World Map of Stratospheric HAAS
List of Participants: CTI Creative Technologies Israel - Israel RMA Royal Military Academy - Belgium DLR Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt e.v.- Germany UoY University of York - UK IAI Israel Aircraft Industries Israel ULg (CSL) University of Liège (Centre Spatial de Liège) Belgium
HAAS State-of-the Art 1. Today State-of-the-Art a) The Global Observer Stratospheric UAV (20 km altitude; one week + endurance) b) The Heron High Altitude UAV ( 10 km altitude;50 hours endurance) c) The Mercator HALE UAV 2. Tomorrow State-of-the-Art a) The Lockheed-Martin Stratospheric Airship (20 km altitude 6 months endurance) 3. Long Range State-of-the-Art a) The NASA HALE UAV (years endurance) b) The Japanese HALE Airship
The Heron High Altitude UAV The Mercator HALE UAV
The Lockheed-Martin High Altitude Airship The Lockheed Martin High Altitude Airship, an unmanned lighter-than-air vehicle, will operate above the jet stream in a quasi-geostationary position to deliver persistent stationkeeping as a telecommunications relay, a weather observer, or a surveillance platform. Lockheed Martin, Akron, received its first production contract for a lighter-than-air vehicle in 1928. Since that time, Lockheed Martin has built more than 300 airships and several thousand aerostats (an unmanned ground-tethered blimp). The Lockheed Martin Airdock, which is 1,175 feet long, 325 feet wide and 211 feet high, may serve as a final assembly facility.
HAAS MISSIONS 1. Regional Earth System Observations 2. Communications Backhaul in the Sky in Rural Areas & in Crisis/Emergency Operations 3. Security and Intelligence Missions HAAS NEEDS 1. Global Market Potential 2. Monitoring for Wildfires, Tzuami etc. to Happen Provide Disaster Management for Disaster Reduction 3. Multiple Uses HAAS APPLICATIONS 1. Disaster Services 2. Remote Sensing 3. Intelligent Transportation Systems 4. Homeland Security 5. Emergency Communications
Regional Earth System Observations
Monitoring for Wildfires to Happen
HAAS Multiple Uses
Traffic Monitoring Eye in the Sky EU-Project about traffic monitoring using terrestrial and airborne surveillance methods. Provides services for traffic monitoring and security at large-scale events using one platform.
Traffic usually monitored using terrestrial sensors (induction loops, cameras, ) or onboard GPS/GSM systems Traffic Monitoring Traffic Planning and Control strategic: wide area, non-cooperative monitoring of road traffic for traffic analysis and planning tactical: wide area, non-cooperative monitoring of road traffic for continuous traffic control Detail: Olympic Stadium Munich IKONOS Image (Res.: 1m) (Source: EUSI)
Security and Intelligence Mission
HAAS Performance and R&D Needs
HAAS
Regenerative Fuel Cell (NASA)
- Mission Technology Area and Domain Technology Classification 2010 2015 2020 Very Long Endurance Very High Altitude Multi Compatibility Inherent Safety Affordability Aircraft ATM Payloads HAAS R&D Needs IMPACT High Level Target Concept (HLTC) Sector 1. Flight Physics Long endurance stratospheric flight (17km- 29km altitude) Long endurance high altitude flight (10km- 17km altitude) Stability modes for high altitude airships hovering in a geostationary position Flight profiles of HAAS through a windy atmosphere High precision station keeping capability for airships Computational Fluid Dynamics Optimised airframe design for stratospheric Flight (17km-22km altitude)
Optimised airframe design for stratospheric Flight (17km-22km altitude) Fin design / ruddervators for HALE airships High aspect ratio wing Unsteady Aerodynamics Electro-magnetic technologies for drag reduction in cruise Low and unique Reynolds numbers Active flow control Airship aeroelasticity Effects of high altitude Integrated nacelle/wing design Aeronautical Propulsion Integration High-Lift engine airframe integration Airship - propeller integration at very low Reynolds number Electro-magnetic technologies for drag reduction in cruise Active flow control
Low drag high volume airship shape optimisation Active flow control Electro-magnetic technologies for drag reduction in cruise Airflow Control Hybrid laminar flow Smart morphing Adaptive winglets High-Lift engine airframe integration High Lift Devices Specific low-noise aircraft configuration (high wing with high area, slatless high-lift system, etc.) High lift system design for High climb number design for High-lift system
Integration of photovoltaïc materials on the airship envelope Fabric envelope protection against environment Electro-magnetic technologies for drag reduction in cruise Advanced laminar wing design Wing Design Adaptive winglets Ultra-light structure, airframe & fuselage Fabric envelope material for airship construction Thin film solar cells technology "Tool set/digital environment for simultaneous multidisciplinary optimisation" Morphing airframes 2. Structures & Materials
R&D needs for advanced High Altitude Airship structural design Metallic Materials & basic processes Use of lightweight materials and processes for airframe New materials for weight reduction/reduced fuel consumption Magnesium metal alloys Friction-reducing surface coatings (nanotechnology) Non-Metallic Materials & basic processes New materials for weight reduction/reduced fuel consumption Composite Materials & basic processes Use of lightweight materials and processes for airframe New materials for weight reduction/reduced fuel consumption
Low environmental impact materials and manufacturing (airframe, engine, equipment) Manufacturing and Assembling Technologies Flexible machining equipment for multiple process integration at low production rates Highly automated manufacturing, assembly and quality assurance Enhanced (prediction) accuracy for extended modelling and simulation application/coverage Structural Analysis and Design Smart Materials and Structures Tool set/digital environment for simultaneous multidisciplinary optimisation Morphing airframes Turbofan propulsion (with 3 stages air compression) Flow control 3. Propulsion & Power Systems Alternative energy sources for UAV's Solar energy, hydrogen etc.
Alternative filling gases for airships R&D needs for lightweight electric motors Efficient propeller design at low Re R&D needs for new energy converting/accum ulating devices R&D needs for reliable low weight rechargeable Lightweight fuel cell system for high altitude operations Solar photovoltaic cells with batteries Hybrid electric propulsion Hydrogen fuel cells Regenerative fuel cells
High temperature materials and coatings for compressors, combustors and turbine Increased turbomachinery efficiencies and stall margins Variable pitch for fan blades to achieve high thrust at low speeds Performance More efficient cooling technologies Increase horsepower-to-weight ratio Improvement in specific fuel consumption (SFC) Lightweight architecture and materials for engine rotors and structures Components with reduced thermomechanical distortions and more efficient sealing technology New energy converting / accumulating devices (solar cells,batteries etc.) Turbomachinery/ Propulsion Aerodynamics Components with reduced thermomechanical distortions and more efficient sealing technology
Combustor operability Combustion Enhanced mixing design/technologies for lean combustion Multi-point fuel injection Nacelles technologies for weight reduction Geared fan engine Air-breathing propulsion Integrated nacelle/wing design for UHBR engines Ultra High By-Pass Ratio engine Contra-rotating fan engine Turboshaft propulsion for airships Low powered de-icing devices Nozzles, Vectored Thrust, Reheat Thrust reverser, technologies for weight reduction Optimised engine controls for reducing fuel burn Engine Controls Computational methods Innovative active control devices with the possible use of MEMS Enhanced (prediction) accuracy for extended modelling and simulation application/coverage
4. Control & Communication Systems Terrain and obstacle database processing, Tracking of aircraft without transponder signal, Automatic tracking and alerting of flight path deviation ATM integration of unmanned aircraft ATM aspects for long endurance (> 24 hours) high altitude (> 50kft) unmanned transworld flight vehicle with possible landings-takeoffs in different airports/sites Efficient sense & avoid system and technology Navigation/Flight Management/ Autoland Navigation for long endurance high altitude unmanned flight (through satellite GPS mainly?) Safe and reliable 4D navigation system Advanced flight control and flight management systems Airborne enhanced/synthetic vision Data fusion and signal processing for pattern recognition Ground and flight obstacle detection and avoidance system
Electronics & Microelectronics for on-board Security and proof of asynchronous system and software Innovative active control devices for noise with the possible use of MEMS Sensors integration Sensor technology for detection (laser, light, radar, infrared) High bandwith datalink, Encryption and secured communication network, Encryption and secured navigation and landing signal network Communications Systems Communications for long endurance unmanned flight High performance air ground datalink and communication system Identification Avionics Integration Tracking of aircraft without transponder signal R&D needs for HAAS avionics Security and proof of asynchronous system and software
Collision and terrain-avoidance systems Data fusion and signal processing for pattern recognition Optics - Optronics - Lasers - Image processing and data fusion Camera sensor technology, Sensor technology for detection, Data fusion and signal processing for pattern recognition Automatic landing systems to enable forced landing of aircraft from the ground Condition monitoring/increased service intervals Lifetime increasing technologies (coatings, improved sealing) Environmentally friendly processes Smart maintenance systems Increased re-use of systems/components and new repair technologies New materials for maintenance free systems Fuzzy logic/neural network BITE with negligible false alarm rates for fault tolerant/extended maintenance designs Ground Control Station Secure effective communications with ATC Improve communications with, and control of UAVs
5. Integrated Design & Validation (methods & tools) Development aspects of HALE Aircraft Development aspects of HALE Airships R&D needs for lightweight high performance payload Methods and IT tools for Collaborative Product & Process Engineering Programmable system functionality, data exchange/intersubsystem communication technology, energy management technologies for cost effective upgrades during the life cycle (open system architectures) Increased re-use of systems/components and new repair technologies Flight/Ground Tests Verification, Validation and certification technologies for products based on pre-certified subsystems/module/components/ COTS, DOTS, TOTS Test tools to approve required performance Validation of developed technologies
Life-cycle Integration Fault Tolerant Systems Programmable system functionality, data exchange/intersubsystem communication technology, energy management technologies for cost effective upgrades during the life cycle (open system architectures) Security and proof of asynchronous system and software Fault tolerant systems, auto reconfiguration systems Hazard Analysis System reliability Collaborative Decision Making Simulator environments & Virtual reality Decision Support Systems Security and proof of asynchronous system and software Security and proof of asynchronous system and software Collaborative processes and systems for decision making System simulation and validation Decision support using artificial intelligence
Decision support using artificial intelligence Autonomous operation Terrain and obstacle database processing, Automatic tracking and alerting of flight path deviation Conflict detection solutions, sense and avoid systems Development of synthetic environment & virtual reality Data fusion and signal processing for pattern recognition, system simulation and validation Improved human factors analysis and pilot workload prediction tools Real Time Simulators Large scale validation Platforms Ground Control Station System simulation and validation Tool set/digital environment for simultaneous multidisciplinary optimisation Simulation and validation of remote control and emergency procedures
6. Human Factors Human Factors Integration, Manmachine Improved human factors analysis and pilot workload prediction tools Human factor and behaviour modelling Human Information Processing Human factor and behaviour modelling Improved human factors analysis and pilot workload prediction tools Human Performance Modelling & Enhancement Improved human factors analysis and pilot workload prediction tools Human factor and behaviour modelling Improve aircraft remote control human interface Ground Control Station Human factor and behaviour modelling Simplify emergency procedures Reduce number of operators
7. Innovative Concepts New airport concepts Develop the concept of an airport for unmanned high altitude aircraft Very large airships docking system Ground Control Station Multi-UAV simultaneous operation Inter-Cooler Recuperator engine (ICR) Novel propulsion solutions (e.g. pulse detonation engine, electrical propulsion, distributed thrust ) Unconventional configurations and new aircraft concepts Blended Wing Body configuration (BWB) Adaptive (e.g. variable cycle) engine VSTOL vehicle technologies Morphing airframes Friction-reducing surface coatings (nanotechnology) Breakthrough Technologies Designer materials tailored for multifunctional applications Hydrogen-based engine concepts, aircraft and airship concepts with hydrogen-based propulsion Reversible electro-chemical system development for hydrogen fuel cells
Developing a EU Research Strategy in the High Altitude Aircraft (HAAS) Sector Contract No ASA4-CT-2005-516081 HAAS World Map of Stratospheric STRATEGIC RESEARCH AGENDA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Taxonomy Area and Domain Technology Classification 2010 2015 2020 Very Long Endurance Very High Altitude Multi Compatibility HAAS SRA HAAS Development and Applications - Mission Inherent Safety Affordability HALE Aircraft HALE Airships Satellites IMPACT High Level Target Concept (HLTC) Sector 1. HALE Airships Development 2. HALE Aircraft Development 3. HAAS Communication Applications
4. HAAS Security Applications 5. HAAS Remote Sensing Applications 6. Integrated Design and Multimission Applications 7. Innovative Concepts