ISA Vision Summit 2012 February 6 th, Bangalore. Energy Efficiency Enabled by Power Electronics. Arunjai Mittal Infineon Technologies AG, Germany

ISA Vision Summit 202 February 6 th, Bangalore Energy Efficiency Enabled by Power Electronics Arunjai Mittal Infineon Technologies AG, Germany

Agenda Macro-economic view Energy & Electricity Role of Semiconductors in enabling Electric Energy Efficiency Page 2

Agenda Macro-economic view Energy & Electricity Role of Semiconductors in enabling Electric Energy Efficiency Page 3

Billion People Trillion $ (200 ref) Growing population and Increase in Wealth Continue to Drive Consumption World population 960-200 Gross world product 960-200 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 960 970 980 990 2000 200 x 2 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 0 960 970 980 990 2000 200 x 45 Source: UN Data, IMF, Worldbank Gross World Product = the sum of all finished goods & services produced globally Page 4

and Demand for Energy! World Energy Consumption, 960-2035 History Projections Quadrillion Btu 2) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 5 77 +200% in last 50yrs 355 30 285 243 207 374 406 462 492 +37% in next 25yrs 643 64 586 552 673 00 0 ) ) 960 965 970 975 980 985 990 995 2000 2005 200 205 2020 2025 2030 2035 Sources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Outlook 2005, 20 ) Infineon estimates based on IEA 2005 2) British thermal unit (Btu): Btu =,05506 kj Page 5

India s Demand for Energy as well as for Electricity Is Growing 3 to 4 Times Faster than Global Average Projections Energy and Electricity Consumption, 200-2035 Projections Worldwide Projections India 800 70 Quadrillion Btu ) 700 600 500 400 300 492 +37% in next 25yrs 643 64 586 552 673 Quadrillion Btu ) 60 50 40 30 27.4 +00% in next 25yrs 49.8 43.3 37.5 32. 58. 200 20 00 0 0 200 205 2020 2025 2030 2035 0 200 205 2020 2025 2030 2035 Sources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Outlook 2005, 20 ) British thermal unit (Btu): Btu =,05506 kj Page 6

Agenda Macro-economic view Energy & Electricity Role of Semiconductors in enabling Electric Energy Efficiency Page 7

Most of the Energy is Actually not Consumed" but Lost on the Way! ~ 220 W Electricity Generation Transmission & Distribution Consumption (example Notebook) Coal power plant AC- Transmission Power Distribution Power Supply (AC/DC) DC supply (DC/DC) Processor 60W 30W 4W 3W 3W Memory Display etc. Mainly thermal losses Losses: 3 W Source: Infineon estimate, for illustration purposes ONLY Page 8

However, it Is Possible to Reduce Energy Losses with Use of Power Semiconductors ~80 W Electricity Generation Transmission & Distribution Consumption (example Notebook) Off-shore Wind Power Plant HVDC Transmission Advanced Distribution 90 plus Supply (AC/DC) DC supply (DC/DC) Processor 60W 8W 3W 5 W 7 W Memory Display etc. Source: Infineon estimate, for illustration purposes ONLY Losses: ~5W (Reduction by 50%) Page 9

How can we ensure sustainable Electric Supply? Smart Grid and Energy Efficiency! Smart Grid Renewable energies 2 3 2 Advanced transmission 3 EV charging and energy storage 4 Grid and smart meter security 4 6 5 Smart metering 6 5 6 Energy efficient consumption Page 0

In India, Smart Grids could help save upto 30% of Transmission and Distribution Losses 297 Emissions associated with T&D losses ) in India, MtCO2e 95 202-30% Equivalent electricity (TWh) 2020 Baseline 2) Impact of smart grids 3) 37 8 253 2020 efficient Share of generation (%) 22 7 5 ) Based on an assumed energy intensity of generation of 0.8tCO2e/MWh in 2020 2) Based on 2020 generation projection of 2020TWh and projected 2020 T&D losses of 22% 3) Based on T&D loss reduction to 5% from the implementation of smart grids Sources: McKinsey 20; "India's energy prospects reference scenario ; IEA outlook (2007); team analysis Page

Windmills and their output power has grown along with the consciousness on Renewables AC AC 30-50 m 57 m 35 m 200 m 00 m 80-00 m 22 m 35 m 42-62 m 30-40 m 60 m 987-990. Generation 30-65 KW 993 / 994 2. Generation 225-500 KW 996 / 997 3. Generation.000 -.500 KW 2002 / 2003 4. Generation 2.500-3.500 KW Kölner Cologne Dom cathedral 2007 - today heute *) 5. Generation 6.000 KW BARD Offshore (Germany's first off-shore wind park) Location: Key data: Components: 90 km northwest of Borkum, North Sea, Germany 80 wind turbines of 5 MW each 400 MW total power generation first turbines connected to the grid in Dec 200 Power module IHM 700V *) Source: Siemens Renewable Energy Division, 2009 Page 3

CO 2 Reduction: Both in Ancient as Well as Modern Buildings is State-of-the-Art Vatican's Auditorium Location: Key data: Efficiency: ~98% Components: Auditorium Paolo VI, Rome, Italy 220 kw power generation, saving of 225 t CO 2 / year CoolMOS, discrete IGBT, IGBT modules Toyota North America Part Center Location: Ontario, California Key data: 242,000 square feet solar panel area 0,47 solar modules with 2.3MW capacity saving of 6.4 mio pound CO 2 emission p.a. Components: CoolMOS, IGBT modules 2009 World Games Kaohsiung Stadium Location: Kaohsiung, Taiwan Key data: 4,55 m² solar panal area,00 MWh of electricity per year saving of 660 t CO 2 emission per year Efficiency: ~98% Components: CoolMOS Page 4

What's Next? SiC JFET Enabling a Path Towards 99% Efficiency DC AC CoolMOS SiC JFETs IGBTs Today Tomorrow CoolMOS, Silicon Carbide diodes, IGBT discretes and modules efficiency of solar inverter: ~98% Silicon-Carbide JFET efficiency of solar inverter: ~99% reduction of power losses: ~50% Page 5

HVDC Transmission to Transport Large Amounts of Electric Energy Point-to-Point Example : United Kingdom Example 2: India Example 3: China Page 7

Transporting electrical energy over long Distances becomes Crucial HVDC AC Transmission: Efficient for Grid smaller coupling transmission and energy distances transport 2 x 3 ph AC 400 kv x ± 500 kv Adani 960km The Energy Bridge East-South Interconnector.450km Ballia-Bhiwadi 780km Example: Three Classic HVDCs with 500 kv East-South Interconnector (2000 MW by 2003; 2500 MW by 2007) Adani (2500 MW by 20) Ballia-Bhiwadi (2500 MW by 200), Ballia-Bhiwadi has 37% less transmission losses compared to AC transmission leading to a reduction of 688,000 tons CO 2 per year HVDC = High Voltage Direct Current Source: Siemens 20 Page 8

The World's First UHVDC Transmission Line Went into Full Operation in 200 HVDC Transmission: Efficient Grid coupling and energy transport ± 00-500kV DC, now also ± 800kV AC DC DC AC UHVDC = Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current Source: Siemens Renewable Energy Division, 2009. 800kV HVDC line has been put into full operation in China: Transmission capacity is 5000 MW produced by several hydro power plants. Reduction of annual CO 2 emissions by >30 megatons compared with equivalent fossilfuelled power plants. The Yunnan-Guangdong HVDC transmission system covers a distance of >400 km with losses of ~ 2% per 000 km. Page 9

Thyristors Used in Transmission Stations to Boost Voltage up to 800,000 Volt LTT Module Transmission station HVDC transmission station, Tasmania HVDC transmission station, Yunnan, PRC HVDC transmission station, Long Island, NY HVDC = High-Voltage Direct Current; LTT = Light-Triggered Thyristor; ETT = Electrically-Triggered Thyristor. Page 20

The Road to Efficient Mobility Overview of CO 2 -Reduction Examples Engine Gasoline Engine 20% CO2 reduction Diesel Engine 0% CO2 reduction Rolling resistance 2% CO2 reduction Transmission MT Switch point assistance 2% CO2 reduction High efficient AMT or DCT 2% CO2 reduction Hybridization µhybrid -> Stop/Start + efficient gene. 0% CO2 reduction Mild Hybrid 20% CO2 reduction Full Hybrid 30% CO2 reduction Air resistance 3% CO2 reduction Energy management Energy efficiency Energy on demand.2% CO2 Lightning 0.8% CO2 Infotainment 3.7% CO2 EPS.2% CO2 HVAC.2% CO2 Fuel pump 4.4% CO2 Engine Cooling Total 2.5% CO2 reduction Electric vehicle more than 50% CO2 reduction (strongly depends on power grid) Page 22

Leveraging Batteries, e.g. in Electric Cars, as a Source for Energy Supply/Storage, Could Help Trend towards eco-friendly hybrid and electric vehicles Electric Vehicles (EV), Hybrid EVs and the entire infrastructure rely on power semiconductors Drive and control Battery management Charging stations Energy and network technology Page 23

Usable Nominal Intelligent Battery Management is Key for both, Extended Battery Life Time and Range Active cell balancing Charge when first cell is full MOSFET with very low R DSon Highly-integrated Cell Supervision Circuit (CSC) Very high measurement accuracy Designed to support high SIL standard Discharge when first cell is empty Page 24

Smart and Efficient Meters and Appliances can Replace Peak Generation Capacity by Flexible Load Utilities / ISOs Demand Aggregator Energy users Offers load curtailment Makes payments for program Facilitates demand response events Curtails load as agreed Makes incentive payments Demand Response Event Expensive usage of peaker plants needed to fulfill consumption demand Adjustment of peak demand by demand response ISO: Independent System Operator US-Style Transmission Grid & Energy Market Operator Source: Siemens Smart Grid Applications Project Page 26

Motivation for Attacks on Smart Grids The Smart Grid is a security critical infrastructure that needs a solid security foundation Privacy and data protection Protection against fraud Protection against cyber war and terrorism Smart Grid components must be security certified under governmental control Page 27

Consumers electrical energy (ww) In the Consumption Arena, Significant Energy Savings are Possible Today Electricity consumption Saving potential Application examples Consumer power supply: stand-by, active mode, Computing power supply: stand-by, active mode EC-Ballast Daylight dimming HID, LED, Factory automation, Process engineering, Heavy industry, Light industry, Transportation: Train, bus, car, Others 4% Information & Comm. 0% Lighting 2% Motors 55% % >90% >>% >25% 25% >40% Home appliance: Fridge, washing machine, Air conditioning, Sources: ZVEI, Infineon, 2008. Page 29

Motor Drives are About RPM Control Enabling Increase in System Efficiency Direct AC connection AC/DC/AC conversion 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz AC DC AC variable frequency About 55% of industrial energy is used by electrical motors. For each $ spent to purchase a more efficient electrical motor, $00 of energy cost can be saved during the life of such motor. Conventional motor drives are being replaced by intelligent inverter-based drives, saving up to 40% energy. AC/DC/AC conversion allows permanent control to match output with needs. Page 30

Incandescent Lamp Replacement with LED Bulbs Represents a Huge Energy Saving Opportunity Best performance @ lowest cost with ICL800G LED bulb driver IC TYPE Efficacy (lm/w) Lifetime (hours) HB-LED 60 30 >50000 60W equivalent LED lamp Fluorescent 45 0 20000 30000 Halogen 2 20 0000 Incandescent 0 7 000 While light output efficiency of other lighting sources is fixed, the efficacy of LEDs is steadily improving ICL800G LED replacement lamps saved ~ TWh in 200 equivalent to ~500,000 t CO 2 Source: Infineon estimate based on Strategies Unlimited June 2009, CO2 values from literature ranging Copyright from Infineon 375g CO2/kWh Technologies (EU-commission) 20. All rights reserved. to 750 g CO2/kWh (Solar World Page 32

Data Centers Consume a Lot of Electricity! CoolMOS TM SiC diode World record efficiency achieved! Output: 365 V, 3.3 kw Dimensions: 275 x 30 x 85mm 3 Power Density:. kw/dm3 Efficiency: >99%@PFC Source: McKinsey analysis, 2008. As per Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this year (202), the carbon footprint of data centers will exceed the airline industry! Due to lower losses in the semi devices neither heat-sink nor fan is required Thermal image after hour full operation Source: ETH Zurich, PES Laboratory, 2009. Page 34

Modern Data Centers are Very Efficiency Conscious and are Setting Benchmarks Example: Facebook's first company-owned data center in Prineville, Oregon uses 38% less energy compared to their other facilities. CoolMOS C6/CP Power supply Courtesy of Facebook Courtesy of Facebook Page 35

Environmental sustainability at Infineon: Our eco-balance Infineon is a key enabler of sustainable society Environmental benefits CO 2 savings enabled through our products () 4,655,000 tons CO 2 Environmental burden Our CO 2 burden (2),000,000 tons CO 2 IFX enables a net ecological benefit of more than! 3.6 million tons of CO 2 emission reduction per year ) Considering only Automotive products, ballast control, PC power supply, IFX controllers; real figure is higher 2) Including manufacturing, transport, travel, material, chemistry, emissions, water, waste water values are based on internal figures as well as official data February, 202 Page 36 For internal use only.

In Summary Page 37

All areas of the electricity supply chain need to be addressed to enable energy efficiency IFX Products Energy Supply Chain Generation Distribution Consumption 0-0-2007 Copyright Infineon Technologies 2006. All rights reserved. Page 38

Billion kwh and Semiconductors make that possible! Scenarios of U.S. electricity growth assuming 2.5% annual GDP growth (2008-2030) 7,000 6,000 5,000 Frozen Efficiency Case Frozen Efficiency Case Reference Case Reference Case 4,000-27% 3,000 2,000 Semiconductor-Enabled Efficiency Case Semiconductor-Enabled Efficiency Scenario 2006 200 204 208 2022 2026 2030 Scenarios Frozen Efficiency Case EIA** reference Case Semiconductor-Enabled Efficiency Case Descriptions Electricity demand intensity remains at 2009's levels EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2009 anticipates decrease of electricity intensity of,5% annually, driven by technology advances Includes policies and incentives stimulating a greater investment in semiconductor-enabled efficiency technologies *Source: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Report Number E094, May 2009 ** EIA: Energy Information Administration Page 39