Environmental Policy Research Centre PD Dr. Lutz Mez Environmental Policy Research Centre Freie Universität Berlin lmez@zedat.fu-berlin.de www.fu-berlin.de/ffu Jatropha Programs of Developing Countries: Status and Perspectives 15th REFORM Group Meeting, Schloss Leopoldskron, Austria September 6-10, 2010
Outline The Legendary plant Jatropha Curcas The end of a legendary plant in Frankfurter Rundschau, July 9, 2010 Jatropha Curcas: plant, harvesting, nut, oil pressing, biofuels Examples and feasibility study Largest Jatropha programmes until 2015 Countries with no Jatropha programmes up to now 2
Legendary plant Jatropha Curcas - Thrive and prosper on poor soil, dry savannas and on badland - No competition with foodstuffs - Valuable substances very economic - Oil can be processed to biodiesel or agricultural spirit - Press cake is a high-quality bio-fertilizer - Creates and secures many local jobs - Substitutes fossil oil - Globally about 2 Mio. ha Jatropha are planted. The acreage will be expanded to 17.5 Mio. ha until 2015-3
The end of the legendary plant Jatropha Frankfurter Rundschau, July 9, 2010 4
End of the legendary plant? - Bird Life International: The dream, to produce biodiesel from Jatropha without damage for the environment and without competition with foodstuffs, is over - Commercial plantation on degraded dry land is not possible - Indian states tolerate Jatropha plantations on cultivated farmland - and even promotes them. This intensifies the competition with foodstuffs - Kenya Jatropha Energy will convert 50,000 hectare woodland to Jatropha plantations in the Dakatcha Woodland Important Bird Area (IBA) - Any further cutting of forest, woodland or thicket in Dakatcha will damage the ability of the landscape to be a water catchment and protect the soil from erosion Commercial plantation on degraded dry land is not possible - Large scale clearing of land for plantations in the Dakacha area will erode the fragile soil and take up scarce water - 58,000 people of the Watha tribe will be displaced from ancestral land - Because of the European Sustainability Definitions Kenya can not export biofuel 5
Jatropha Curcas Plant 6
Jatropha Curcas Harvest 7
Jatropha Curcas Nuts 8
Oil press for Jatropha nuts 9
Scheme of oil press 10
Biofuel from Jatropha Curcas 11
Jatropha Perspectives - Demand for biodiesel until 2025 - Biokerosene demand until 2040 12
Jatropha Biofuel perspectives 13
Jatopha Executive Briefing - Jatropha Market Potential - Plantation & Jatropha Cultivation - Investment in Jatropha - Production, Refining & Downstream Logistics - 14
Jatropha Curcas key figures - Cultivation of 50,000 ha with Jatropha creates and secures (direct and indirect) 35,000 local jobs. - A harvest of about 165,000 tons of Jatropha nuts gives 33,000 to 40,000 tons of oil. - The price for Jatropha oil is 400 US-$/t. 35,000 tons give a gross profit of 14 Mio US-$. - And 70,000 tons Jatropha Seed Press Cake - which is a demanded bio fertilizer with a price of 200 US-$/t result in a gross profit of additional 14 Mio US-$. - Cultivation of 50,000 ha will cost approx. 150 US-$/ha = total approx. 7.5 Mio US-$. - A new plant buildings, cooling for seed press cake etc. - for proceeding Jatropha nuts to oil will cost approx. 20 Mio in Germany. 15
Jatropha pilot project - Requirements for the plantation area - Infrastructure (road system, fresh and waste water, housing, storage houses, transport connection, transport of nuts and of oil, lading port etc.) - Jobs - Distribution of oil - Oil press facilities (self-financing or credit) - Processing of oil to biodiesel 16
Jatropha Feasibility Study - Analysis of soil conditions - Irrigation - Personal structure - Economy and additional income - Subsidies - Transferability to other sites in the same land 17
Jatropha the largest programmes until 2015 Indonesia 5.2 Mio. ha Myanmar 4 Mio. ha India 1.9 Mio. ha Brazil 1.3 Mio. ha Philippines 1.1 Mio. ha PR of China 600,000 ha Ghana 600,000 ha Madagascar 500,000 ha Namibia 300,000 ha Vietnam 300,000 ha Mozambique 170,000 ha Kenya 153,000 ha Thailand 150,000 ha Simbabwe 135,000 ha Sambia 134,000 ha Ethiopia 125,000 ha 18
Jatropha up to now no programmes Afghanistan Cameroun Iraq Iran Kazakhstan 19
Questions? 20
Thank s for your attention! lutz.mez@fu-berlin.de 21