Don t Forget Fluorescent! Better Buildings by Design 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE February 8, 2012
Efficiency Vermont is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Disclaimer Although I list several manufacturers and models, these are examples and none are endorsed Also, I do not have any financial arrangement or consulting agreements with any of these manufacturers (friendships with some yes)
Fluorescent Remember Monty Python the Holy Grail Bring out your dead Well, Fluorescent isn t dead, yet!
Lighting Goal To safely place the correct amount and type of light where it is needed, when it is needed, and for the lowest life cycle cost To achieve goal, need Consistency in products Reliability in products Right products Cost effective products Then products will Allow interchangeability of system components Provide superior lighting
Learning Objectives Learn about the most innovative new lamp, ballast, and luminaire product introductions. Understand how these advances in technology compare to existing technology. Understand new technological and legislative trends in lamp and ballast design. Identify new lamp and ballast types and understand their implications for how lighting is designed and used.
Vermont
Efficient Lighting Fundamentals This morning s presentation will be Aimed towards commercial applications Targeted at the introductory level The presentation will cover Lamps Ballasts Some controls Luminaires aka fixtures, troffers Sustainability, Environmental, and maintenance
Energy Use and Cost for Lighting Systems in Commercial Buildings Cost of lamps (bulbs & tubes) and labor cost to replace them is small percentage of total operating costs. Electricity to operate lighting systems far outweighs lamp and labor costs. The higher purchase price of efficient lamps is quickly recovered through lower electricity costs. Source: BOC
Light Levels: Considerations Proper light levels required IESNA recommendations State/local standards Where light levels are correct, visual tasks are easier. Too little is bad cannot see, eye strain too much is bad glare, wastes energy Source: BOC
Some Definitions
Lamp Characteristics: LPW & Average Rated Life Lumens Per Watt (LPW) LPW = light output (lumens) power input (watts) Average Rated Life for Incandescent, HID, and Fluorescent is the point in time at which 50% of a large group of lamps have failed. Ratings in catalogs are result of standard lab tests. (Ex: Fluorescent lamps 20,000 hrs. @ 3 hrs./start) Rated life for LED is when lumen output has dropped to 70%, or L70 Source: BOC
Light Source Efficacy (LPW) Source: BOC
Lamp Characteristics: Lumen Maintenance (lumen light depreciation) Most lamps lose ability to produce light after burning for some time Lumen maintenance measures the rate of depreciation and indicates the remaining light output LLD = mean lumens initial lumens* Ex: 32-w T8 Fluorescent 2,610 LLD = = 0.90 2,900 *Initial lumens measured at 100 hrs. Source: BOC
Color Temperature of Fluorescent Lamps The color temperature represents the appearance of a lamp as rated in degrees Kelvin (K). Phosphor coating sets color temperature and CRI. Colors: 3000K (warm) 3500K (neutral) 4100K (cool) 5000K (daylight) 6500K (daylight) 8000K (SkyWhite) Source: BOC
Lamp Characteristics: Color Rendering Index (CRI) Appearance of colored objects when viewed under a light source compared to when viewed under daylight (of same color temp) Relative measure of up to 100 The higher the CRI, the truer the object colors appear. Source: BOC
Ballast Factor (BF) Is a value comparing the light output of a given fluorescent lamp and ballast combination, to the light output from the same lamp operating on a laboratory (perfect reactor) ballast. Light output is directly proportional to BF. Use BF to calculate light level for re lighting, or retrofit projects. Ballast factor computed by manufacturers and published in manufacturer s catalogs (or websites) Source: BOC
Light Source Color Summary CRI CCT ( K) Natural daylight 100 5000 o 8500 o Mercury vapor 20 50 4000 o 6000 o Metal halide 65 93 2900 o 6500 o Fluorescent 70 96 3000 o 8000 o Incandescent 100 2500 o 3000 o Induction 80 2700 o 5000 o Standard HPS 22 2200 o LED 70 90 3000 o 8000 o Low pressure sodium 44 1700 o Source: BOC
Florescent Lamps
Linear lamp sales (4 ft.)
Fluorescent Lamps: How they Work Source: BOC
T8 Fluorescent Lamps 1 diameter Linear lamps avail in 2, 3, 4, 5 & 8 lengths U tubes have 1 5/8 leg spacing Require ballast that supplies 265 ma (mostly electronic ballast) Retrofit U tube has 6 leg spacing Source: BOC
Reduced Wattage T8 Lamps Energy Saving T8 30 w, 28 w, 25 w Designed for spaces that can tolerate less light Advantages: Lower wattage, saves energy Disadvantages: Can be replaced with less expensive 32 w lamps Can be used with dimming ballasts (most lamps) Can not be used below 60 o F Source: BOC
Sylvania XP, SS and XPS lamps Rated life increased from 36,000 to 40,000 hours at 3 hours/start on PS ballast 24,000 to 37,500 hours at 1 hour/start 12,000 to 31,000 hours at 15 minutes/start Source: LFI 2011
Sylvania 23W, 25W, 28W, 30W Octron SuperSaver T8 lamps Dimmable! Source: LFI 2011
Sylvania 23W Octron SuperSaver T8 lamps 4 ft. 23W T8 lamps 2000 lumens 95% lumen maintenance 24,000/36,000 hours on IS 36,000/42,000 hours on PS 85 CRI 3500K, 4100K, 5000K Source: LFI 2011
Innovation: improving lamp life Extended life 4 ft. T8 lamps (XL, XLL, SXL) Up to 50,000 hours at 12 hours/start on IS ballast (industry average is 24,000 hours) Up to 55,000 hours at 12 hours/start on PS ballast (industry average is 30,000 hours) Improved life at shorter lamp cycles T5HO lamps are beginning to extend life: up to 60,000 hours at 12 hours/start Source: LFI 2011
Sylvania 800XP/XL T8 lamps 4 ft. 25W, 28W, 32W T8 lamps 50,000 hour rated life at 12 hours/start on instant start ballast 55,000 hours at 12 hours/start on programmed start ballast 44,000 hours at 30 minutes/start 80 85 CRI 3500K, 4100K, 5000K Dimmable Source: LFI 2011
T5 Fluorescent Lamps 5/8 diameter lamp w/mini bi pin base Millimeter lengths Peak light output at 35C (95F) Operate on electronic ballasts Most effective in cove, indirect, & high-bay fluorescent fixtures Standard T5 most efficient 12 18% higher than T8 (96 106 LPW) T5HO more lumens 10 15% less efficient than standard T5 About same efficiency as T8 Source: BOC
Innovation: efficient T5HO lamps Philips Energy Advantage: 49W T5HO (5W power reduction for same light output) GE T5HO Watt Miser: 51W (3W reduction for same light output) Sylvania Pentron SuperSaver Ecologic: 51W (3W reduction for same light output) GE T5HO Watt Miser Plus: 47W (7W reduction for 4% lower output) Sylvania Pentron HO SuperSaver: 47W (7W reduction for about 8% lower output) Source: LFI 2011
Philips Energy Advantage T5HO Extreme Temperature 49W direct replacements for 54W T5HO lamps Same light output >90% of rated lumens over ambient temperature of 65 F to 170 F Rated life of 35,000 hours Source: LFI 2011
Sylvania Pentron HO XL 4 ft. 54W T5HO lamps 60,000 hours at 12 hours/start Operates on same ballast 93% lumen maintenance 82 CRI 3000K, 3500K, 4100K, 5000K, 6500K Source: LFI 2011
Sylvania 2 and 3 ft. T5HO 20W and 35W energy saving T5HO lamps Replace 24W and 39W standard lamps respectively for up to 17% energy savings Replace lamp and keep ballast 85 CRI 3000 5000K Source: LFI 2011
Philips 25W Energy Advantage T5 Fluorescent Direct replacements for 28W T5 lamps to achieve 11% energy savings Same light output No ballast change required 3000K, 3500K, 4100K Rated life of 25,000 hours Source: LFI 2011
Legislation/Regulation 2009 DOE regulations will eliminate in 2012: most 4 ft. linear and 2 ft. U shaped T12 many 8 ft. T12 and T12HO some low CRI 4 ft. T8 BBD 2012 Copywrite 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE Lumispec Consulting Source: LFI 2011
LINEAR REPLACEMENT LAMPS
LED T8s There are hordes of sales people trying to sell these, because of potential huge volume and profit Often Pinocchio nose marketing hype But the DOE has not tested one yet is nearly as good as high performance fluorescent T8s with high performance ballasts Lamp cost can often range from $40 to $150 with proposed up to 50,000 hour realistic life Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
LED T8s May void UL listing of fixture, that got UL listing as a fluorescent fixture How they are connected Some use existing fluorescent ballast, which consumes extra wattage, and the ballast would have to be replaced when it burns out Ballasts typically have a 50,000 60,000 hour rated life Some have internal driver, which requires removing existing fluorescent ballast and rewiring to lamp holders UL has found fire danger with some LED T8s with internally shunted lamp holders Some come with their external drivers Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) Screw base (numerous shapes 2 w to 200 w) Integral (ballast built in), or modular (detachable ballast) Twin and quad tube Preheat (5 w to 26 w) 2 pin, starter in base (blink blink on) Twin, triple, quad and hex tube RS (9 w to 120 w) 4 pin, instant on, dimmable (on electronic dimming ballasts) Source: BOC
SB Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) Spring lamps One piece w/built in electronic ballast in base Sold under several name brands Disadvantages: Some made for residential market have shorter life ratings Source: BOC
CFLs Although some people give CFLs a bad wrap, CFLs are quite good in many applications Screw ins can often cost $0.25 with upstream rebates Lumens per watt are quite good CRI is quite good, typically in the 80s Life is much longer than incandescents Mercury is really not that much of an issue Although quite good, there are some drawbacks, and maybe best to consider a temporary solution Until LEDs or something else becomes ready for prime time Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
CFLs New nice looking CFL Plumen http://plumen.com/ BBD 2012 Copywrite 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE Lumispec Consulting Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
CFL CFLs are reasonably efficacious, but Not nearly efficacious as high performance T8 systems Most are only rated for 10,000 12,000 hours Many recessed can fixtures for them have very bad fixture efficiency Like 50 60% But there are some CFL recessed cans with more like 75% fixture efficiency Usually best to try to Have just one lamp per fixture Minimize lamp types Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
Induction Lamps Electrodeless Induction coil generates highfrequency field within lamp Similar to Fluorescent, mercury vapor generates UV energy, converted to visible light by phosphor coating 80 LPW; 85 CRI Discharge Vessel Phosphor Coating Power Coupler Source: BOC
Fluorescent Ballasts
Retrofit/Replacement vs. OEM (fluorescent ballast shipments) Source: LFI 2011
Ballasts Electrical devices to start and operate fluorescent lamps Functions: 1. Provides correct voltage to start arc discharge 2. Limits lamp current to design value 3. Provides energy to heat cathodes (fluorescent rapid start & program start only) A ballast prevents the destruction of a lamp by limiting lamp current Source: BOC
Fluorescent Lamps: How they Work Source: BOC
Fluorescent Ballasts Starting Modes Instant start (most popular) Rapid start (being phased out) Programmed start (replacing rapid start, designed for switching) Common Types Standard Magnetic (no longer made; no PCBs since 1979) Energy Saving Magnetic (1990 s) Hybrid Magnetic (stop gap technology) Electronic (high frequency operation of lamps) Dimming (electronic; new models are programmed start) Source: BOC
Programmed Start Electronic Ballasts Cost effective for switching applications Maintains energy efficiency while providing optimum starting conditions to obtain up to 100,000 starts Starts lamps by the precise application of voltage to heat cathodes for precise time before lamp ignition Reduces cathode voltage once the lamp has ignited Source: BOC
Ballast Factor & Light Output BF Performance Comparison of 2 F32T8 Lamps High Power Ballast 1.20 3540 Lumens / lamp 77 Watts 1.00 2950 Lumens / lamp 64 Watts.87 2567 Lumens / lamp 58 Watts Reference Ballast Normal Power Ballast.75 2213 Lumens / lamp 51 Watts Low Power Ballast Lumens 0 800 1600 2400 3200 Source: BOC
Extra Efficient Ballasts (NEMA Premium Ballasts) Extra efficient ballasts consume 3 6 watts less than generic electronic ballasts (GEB) Cost $1 $4 more Save $20 $40 in electric cost over ballast life Most new fixtures come with GEB (lowest cost) http://nema.org/gov/energy/efficiency/upload/nema_premium_electronic_ballast_program.pdf Source: BOC
High Performance T8 Systems: Super T8 From CEE and NEMA Premium Combination: high lumen, extended life lamps low BF, reduced wattage electronic ballast 15 20% more efficient than standard T8 systems Savings up to 40% when replacing 34 w T12 systems Identification: lamps with initial lumen ratings starting at 3100 lumens high lumen maintenance > 90% ( barrier coat technology) Source: BOC
Universal s Ultim8 highefficiency ballasts T8 lamps High efficiency electronic (NEMA Premium Ballast) 1, 2 and 3 and 4 lamp Programmed start operation Lamp start time near 0.5 seconds NEMA Premium Ballast Source: LFI 2011
Lutron EcoSystem reducedwattage ballast Digital 1% electronic dimming ballast Designed to operate reducedwattage T8 lamps (25W, 28W, 30W) Can operate standard and extendedlife lamps Factory tuned ballast with nonstandard ballast factors available Source: LFI 2011
LumenErgi ib 107 Intelligent dimming ballast Operates in DALI or 0 10VDC control modes High ballast factor (1.2 BF) Same ballast can operate 1, 2 or 3 T5 or T5HO lamps Universal voltage (120 277V at 50 or 60 Hz) Connects directly to occupancy and photosensors Source: LFI 2011
Innovation: tunable output Low 0.74 0.78 BF Typically 0.77 or 0.78 High >1.0 BF Typically 1.15 1.18 Normal 0.85 0.90 BF Typically 0.87 or 0.88 New! 0.5+, 0.6, 0.71, 1.0 BF for T8 Source: LFI 2011
Sylvania 1.0 BF ballasts Two lamp high efficiency T8 instant start electronic ballast Medium BF of about 1.0 14% higher light output than typical normal BF ballast NEMA Premium Ballast Source: LFI 2011
GE UltraStart ballast T8 electronic ballast Programmed start, with same efficiency as instant start Specifiable with 0.6, 0.71, 0.89 and 1.15 BF Starts lamps in 0.5 seconds Operates lamps in parallel Universal voltage: 120 277V NEMA Premium Source: LFI 2011
Innovation: programmed start parallel lamp operation 4-Lamp Ballast Non-Parallel Parallel one lamp fails Source: LFI 2011
Programmed start parallel highefficiency T8 T8 lamp operation 1, 2 and 3 and 4 lamp Programmed start operation Parallel operation NEMA Premium Ballast Universal Ultim8 Sylvania PROStart Philips Optanium Source: LFI 2011
Programmed start parallel highefficiency T5HO T5HO lamp operation 4 lamp configuration Programmed start operation Parallel wiring with two lamps in series and two in parallel Philips Optanium Sylvania Quicktronic ProStart GE HE UltraStart Source: LFI 2011
Dimming Fluorescent Fluorescents with dimming ballasts can dim Input power is reduced, but lumens per watt gets worse, because the more dimming, the more power has to go to heating the cathodes of the lamps Dimming ballasts are more expensive CFLs have some special characteristics Dedicated dimmable screw ins usually cannot dim below 20% CFLs turn grayish or bluish when dimmed Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
Dimming Fluorescent Ballasts Linear fluorescent Low voltage (2 wire, 0 10V) Power Line control from incandescent wall box dimmers Line control (extra 120V lead) (Lutron) Energy management applications 100% to 10% dimming range NEMA LL9 2011 Dim to 10% Architectural dimming applications 100% to 1% Compact Fluorescent 4 pin rapid start lamps 18 w, 26 w quad lamps 32 w, 42 w triple lamps Source: BOC
Sylvania Quickstep Bilevel T8 Switching High efficiency programmed start T8 step dimming ballast Switch 100% to 50% power 1 or 2 4 ft, 3 ft, or 2 ft T8 lamps Low BF: 48W @ 0.77BF, 24W @ 0.25BF Normal BF: 55W @ 0.87BF, 27W @ 0.34BF NEMA Premium Ballast Source: LFI 2011
GE instant start load shed dim and bilevel UltraMax T8 load shed variable dimming ballast: Dim 100% 60% UltraMax hi/lo switching ballast: Switch 100% 60% 2, 3 and 4 lamp models being added to 6 lamp already available Both: Instant start operation, suitable for hi bay, 20 F cold start temp, 95% efficiency (NEMA Premium) Source: LFI 2011
Philips EssentiaLine dimming ballasts 0 10VDC dimming ballast 2 lamp T8 models with 0.88 BF Dim lamps from 100% to 20% Programmed start operation NEMA Premium Ballast Source: LFI 2011
GE s dimmable programmedstart parallel 0 10V dimming 100% to 3% light output 1, 2, 3 and 4 lamp T8 Multi voltage, normal (0.88) and high (1.18) ballast factor Fast start time of 0.7 seconds Parallel lamp operation NEMA Premium Ballast Source: LFI 2011
Sylvania QUICKTRONIC QHE DALI High efficiency dimming ballast for T5 lamps Dimming to 1% Operates 1 or 2 lamps Operates on DALI protocol Reports end of lamp life (when used with appropriate controls) Universal voltage (120 277V) Source: LFI 2011
Lutron H Series Digital 1% electronic dimming ballast Works with wired or wireless sensors Factory tuned ballast with non standard ballast factors available 0.5 BF up to published maximum in 0.01 increments 4 ft. T8 (1, 2 and 3 lamp) available in 1.0 and 1.17 BF Recent expansion includes 347V and universal voltage 3 T8 Source: LFI 2011
Electronic Ballast Advantages Higher efficiency (no transformer losses) Cooler operation (no transformer heat) Less weight (no core and coil) No noticeable flicker Smaller size 3 and 4 lamp designs (as well as 1 and 2 lamp) Parallel wiring models Colder starting (down to 0 degrees F) Dimming capabilities (down to 1% of output) (high frequency operation) (lower profile, less weight) (non burned out lamps remain on) Source: BOC
Legislation/Regulation Energy Policy Act of 2005 eliminates: Most magnetic ballasts for 4 and 8 ft. T12 lamps Ballast Rule of November 2011, effective November 2014: Changes the metric from BEF* to BLE* In addition to T12 ballasts, covers T8 and T5 ballasts *BEF (Ballast Efficacy Factor) = BF/Pin **BLE (Ballast Luminous Factor) = Pout/Pin BBD 2012 Copywrite 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE Lumispec Consulting Source: LFI 2011
Fluorescent Fixtures Source: BOC
TROFFERS
T8 Fluorescent There is a new generation of high performance 2x4 1F32T8 troffers that can be installed in typical 8x10 spacing Depending on BF and if instant or program start high efficient ballasts, are, used, wattage can range from 24 39 with direct relationship to lumens Manufacturers and models include Deco DPL C www.getdeco.com (but may not be in website yet) Finelite HPR www.finelite.com Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
T8 Fluorescent Office with Finelite HPRs Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
T8 Fluorescent Existing 2x4 troffers can be cost effectively retrofitted down to 1F32T8 Standard lensed troffers can often get a 1 cove white reflector About $55 $60 total installed cost Parabolic troffers can get upscale kits Such as ALP s RHT kit www.alplighting.com/pdf/uardiac%20rht.pdf About $110 $120 total installed cost Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
SUSPENDED INDIRECT/DIRECT FIXTURES
T8 Fluorescent Well designed suspended indirect/direct fixtures with 1F32T8 per cross section Can provide quite low power densities Total installed cost often less than individual troffers When can have relatively long rows in new construction and gut rehabs One lamp per cross section is usually much better than two or three for Optimal light distribution Usually batwing Best fixture efficiency Lowest wattage Lowest fixture cost Fixture cost may be $25 $40 per linear foot depending on type of fixture, quantity, etc. Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
T8 Fluorescent Make sure fixture reflectors are designed for T8s and not for T5s/T5HOs There are many good manufacturers and models For example, Finelite offers several good models, including Series 12, 15 and 16 These are photos of Series 12 with white cross blade Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
Wiring Tips Ground Fixtures Safety (required by NEC to protect personnel EMI Protection (discharge from Capacitors to ground) Provide Disconnects Protects personnel Easy maintenance Required by NEC Source: BOC
Fluorescent Lampholders (Sockets) Sockets in new fixtures with electronic ballasts cut into lamp pins line up indicator on tube with socket notch Excellent connection for high frequency Use shunted sockets for instant start ballasts Non shunted for dimming or programmed start incorrect correct incorrect Lamps not seated can cause them to malfunction Maintenance personnel can be shocked when touching bare pins Source: BOC
Retrofit vs. Re lighting Retrofit Re lighting Upgrade existing fixtures with efficient lamps, ballasts,.. If asbestos present in ceiling, then it s more cost effective Limited to lamp/ballast improvements Can be difficult to improve fixture efficiency Retrofit option can be more sustainable than re lighting due to material re use Improved when long life, high efficiency lamps are used Opportunity to optimize efficiency and change layout Opportunity to change more parameters of lighting system Number of lamps/fixture Number of fixtures/system Change to LED s? More electrical contractors know how to install new fixtures than know how to retrofit properly. Source: BOC
Retrofit: Reflectors Fluorescent kits available Example: 2x2 w/2 U tubes to 2 or 3,17 w T8 lamps, 2x4 w/4 lamps to 2 lamps Improve troffer efficiency Relocate lamps for max performance You must Perform trial installation Evaluate cost of retrofit fixtures versus replacement Source: BOC
Retrofit 400 MH to T8 Fluorescent Example Before After High-bay fixtures e/w 400-w metal halide (458-watts/fixture) 30 FC CRI = 65 Industrial fixtures e/w 6 F32T8 lamps (224-watts/fixture) 50 FC CRI = 85 Source: BOC
HID & Incandescent to T5HO Fluorescent Before 54, 400-w HPS HB fixtures 465-w 6, 400-w MH HB fixtures 458-w 4, 500-w Incand fixtures 500-w After 42, 4-lamp T5HO fixtures 234-w 4, 6-lamp T5HO fixtures 351-w (all e/w wire grills) Source: BOC
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING Task ambient lighting is having relatively low Footcandle ambient lighting and additional task lighting when and where need it Light levels drop off exponentially as distance increases between source and task For example if double distance, 1/4 the footcandles Much less wattage getting high light levels from a task light 2 away from task, than from ceiling fixtures 6 away from task This strategy may be the most cost effective way to have very low power densities while providing good quality lighting In typical offices, usually 0.4 0.6 watts per square foot is easily attainable Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING Ambient, in offices, works very well with either New or retrofitted 2x4 high performance troffers that have 1 high performance & often high Kelvin 32W F32T8 and high performance parallel wired program start ballasting Maybe tandem wire ballast per pair of troffers New or retrofitted suspended indirect/direct fixtures with 1 high performance & often high Kelvin 32W F32T8 per cross section and high performance parallel wired program start ballasting Ambient lighting can provide 10 20 footcandles on desks Often more light is worse than less light, because more light can cause more glare and higher contrast ratios Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING For a long time most modular office systems had fluorescent under cabinet task lights But most of these fixtures Use way too much wattage Are glare bombs Provide too much light Often difficult to replace ballasts Sometimes still T12s with magnetic ballasts or T8s with magnetic ballasts There are some good CFL desk mount task lights But way too many people still use energy hog incandescent or quartz halogen Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING There are also integral or one piece fluorescent task ambient lighting systems One example is Tambient www.elliptipar.com/tambient Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
Fluorescent If you have T12 systems, definitely REPLACE Many existing T8 systems do not have the most efficient lamps or ballasts High performance T8 lamp and ballast systems can often save 20% wattage compared to old, generic T8 systems In many applications could go with a bi level system controlled by an occupancy sensor Before jumping into LEDs, good to raise the bar and see if they are cost effective compared to high performance T8 systems Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
Sustainability, Environmental, and Maintenance
ARE LEDS REALLY MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY? Yes, fluorescent, have mercury But the manufacturers have been doing a very good job reducing it Many states require recycling Many fixtures can be kept for a long time, because lamps and ballasts can be easily replaced LEDs do not contain any mercury But there are toxic chemicals used in production There is usually a lot of valuable aluminum or other metals used for heat sinks Many fixtures are currently not designed to be easily and cost effectively retrofitted Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
More on Environmental No matter what you specify or buy, RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) compliant is highly recommended Already mandated in Europe For example, eliminates lead in solder Also mercury, cadmium, etc. Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
What about long term Maintenance? Fluorescent fixtures can easily and cost effectively get new lamps and ballasts to last decades For example, parts and labor for a 2F32T8 fixture Group relamping every 25,000 hours may cost $10 Group reballasting every 50,000 hours may cost $40 $60 total at 50,000 hours with brand new lamps and ballast $70 total at 75,000 hours with brand new lamps and 1/2 old ballast $120 total at 100,000 hours with brand new lamps and ballast Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
What about long term Maintenance? At 75,000 hours LED troffer Now with at least the Cree CR 2x2, 2x4 or 1x4 $325 initial parts and labor cost + $175 parts and labor retrofit cost = $500 High performance troffer with 1 F32T8 $225 initial parts and labor cost + $70 parts and labor relamping and reballasting = $295 Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
Fluorescent Remember Monty Python the Holy Grail Bring out your dead Well, Fluorescent ain t dead, yet!
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Thank You are there any questions?????? Howard Wolfman, PE 847 366 6700 h.wolfman@ieee.org
Supplementary Data and Information
GE HL 32 3100 82 3000 80 3.95 25,000 36,000 36,000 42,000 GE SXL 32 2850 81+ 2750 80 3.95 31,000 40,000 40,000 46,000 PHILIPS ADV 32 3100 85 3000 82 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000 PHILIPS PLUS 32 2950 85 2850 82 1.7 30,000 36,000 36,000 42,000 PHILIPS ADV XLL 32 2950 85 2850 82 1.7 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000 SYLVANIA XP 32 3000 85 2850 85 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000 SYLVANIA XPS 32 3100 85 3100 81 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000 SYLVANIA XP/XL 32 2950 85 2900 80 3.5 36,000 52,000 60,000 62,000 GE SPX 28W 28 2725 82 2625 80 3.95 24,000 30,000 36,000 42,000 PHILIPS ADV 28W 28 2725 85 2675 82 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000 SYLVANIA XP 28W 28 2725 85 2650 80 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000 SYLVANIA XP XL 28W 28 2600 85 2600 80 3.5 36,000 52,000 60,000 62,000 GE SPX 25W 25 2400 85 2350 80 3.95 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000 PHILIPS ADV 25W 25 2500 85 2400 85 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000 PHILIPS ADV XLL 25W 25 2400 85 2350 82 1.7 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000 SYLVANIA XP 25W 25 2475 85 2400 80 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000 SYLVANIA XP XL 25W 25 2475 85 2400 80 3.5 36,000 52,000 60,000 62,000 F28T5 25-28 2900+ 85 2750+ 85 1.4-20,000-25000 - * * 2.5 30,000 40,000 F54T5HO 49-54 5000 85 4800+ 85 1.4-20,000-25000 - * * 2.5 30,000 40,000 Lamp manufacturers may alter rated lamp life and lumen specifications, so get updates from manufacturers. Source> w w w.lightingw izards.com Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
lumen F32T8 basic grade F32T8 30W F32T8 28W F32T8 25W F32T8 extra long life 25W F32T8 2950 32 92.2 2 G IS 0.87 58 5133 88.5 95% 4876 84.1 2800 32 87.5 2 EE IS 0.87 53 4872 91.9 95% 4628 87.3 2800 32 87.5 2 G IS 0.87 58 4872 84.0 95% 4628 79.8 2850 30 95.0 2 EE IS 0.87 51 4959 97.2 95% 4711 92.4 2850 30 95.0 2 G IS 0.87 55 4959 90.2 95% 4711 85.7 2750 28 98.2 2 EE IS 0.87 48 4785 99.7 95% 4546 94.7 2750 28 98.2 2 G IS 0.87 51 4785 93.8 95% 4546 89.1 2440 25 97.6 2 EE IS 0.87 42 4246 101.1 95% 4033 96.0 2440 25 97.6 2 G IS 0.87 47 4246 90.3 95% 4033 85.8 2400 25 96.0 2 EE IS 0.87 42 4176 99.4 95% 3967 94.5 2400 25 96.0 2 G IS 0.87 47 4176 88.9 95% 3967 84.4 EE 0.95 58 5795 99.9 93% 5389 92.9 PS 3050 26 117.3 2 EE 0.95 55 5510 100.2 92% 5069 92.2 PS EE 1.15 67 7015 104.7 92% 6454 96.3 PS EE 1.00 108 #### 92.6 92% 9200 85.2 high lumen F28T5 3050 28 108.9 2 typical F28T5 2900 28 103.6 2 PS 1.00 64 5800 90.6 93% 5394 84.3 26W F28T5 26W high lumen 2900 26 111.5 2 F28T5 51W F54T5HO 5000 51 98.0 2 PS typical F54T5HO 5000 54 92.6 2 PS 1.00 117 #### 85.5 93% 9300 79.5 F34T12 800 3100 34 91.2 2 RS E 0.85 60 5270 87.8 93% 4901 81.7 F34T12 CW 2650 34 77.9 2 RS M 0.88 72 4664 64.8 87% 4058 56.4 notes: Lumens, lumen maintenance, ballast factors and wattages may vary among various manufacturers. In enclosed fixtures, since reduced wattage F32T8s consume less heat they can often operate closer to optimal 77 degrees F temperature, so may provide more light than this table shows compared to full wattage. Although efficacy can be improved with IS and RS ballasts with T5s and T5HOs, lamp life can be greatly reduced and lamp manufacturers may not warranty lamps. 93% is used as an average EOL lumen maintenance for T5HOs. 90% - 94% range among manufacturers. All wattages based on 277V. EE IS is extra efficient instant start. G IS is generic instant start. EE PS is extra efficient program start. PS is program start. RS E is rapis start electronic. RS M is rapid start magnetic. Extra long life is 36,000 hours with IS and 40,000 hours with PS ballasts at 3 hour cycles. Source: www.lightingwizards.com Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
LED vs. FLUORESCENT T8s 4 1600 lumen 17W LED T8s 4480 1.10 4928 50,000 (iffy in enclosed fixture) 68 76 $43.89 $13.30 $240.00 5.2 $694.99 4 F34T12 CW 2650 lumen lamps, 2 2-2 3100 lumen long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s in outboard lamp holders & 2-lamp.89 BF high performance parallel wired program 5077 1.35 6854 40,000 58 86 $49.67 $15.05 $57.00 0.8 ####### lamp energy start ballast 2 2950 lumen extra long life 32W saving fluorescent F32T8s in outboard lamp magnetic 144 $75.60 25,000 7100 holders & 2-lamp 1.00 BF high 5428 ballasts, performance parallel wired program angled sides start ballast with good 2 3100 lumen long life 32W 1.30 7056 55,000 65 79 $45.62 $13.83 $59.00 1.0 ####### white paint & clear prismatic fluorescent F32T8s, 2-lamp.89 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast & white 5077 1.40 7108 40,000 58 86 $49.67 $15.05 $67.00 1.0 ####### lens reflector 2 2950 lumen long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s, 2-lamp 1.00 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast & white reflector 5428 1.35 7328 55,000 65 79 $45.62 $13.83 $69.00 1.2 ####### footnotes: Numbers in colored boxes can be changed, which automatically alters computations. Copyright of Stan Walerczyk, LC, principal of Lighting Wizards much less light long term Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
LED vs. FLUORESCENT T8s $0.15 blended rate 3500 annual hours 1.1 reduced AC savings x $0.05 /KWH saved incentive 15 existing proposed type w atts appr. lamp life end of end of end of lamp life annual improved watt annual @ 3 life life life @ 3 incenelect. retrofit and relamping options thermals watts reduc- elect. hour lamp lamp fixture hour tive cost and tion savings cycles lumens lumens lumens cycles fixture 3 basic grade 2800 lumen F32T8s, generic 3- lamp.88 BF electronic instant start ballast, angled sides with good white paint & clear prismatic lens 89 $46.73 20,000 6650 3 1600 lumen 17W LED T8s 2 3100 lumen long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s in outboard lamp holders & 2-lamp.89 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast 2 2950 lumen extra long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s in outboard lamp holders & 2-lamp.89 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast 2 3100 lumen long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s, 2-lamp.71 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast & white 2x4 lensed troffer with 3 basic grade F32T8s 3360 1.10 3696 reflector 2 2950 lumen long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s, 2-lamp.89 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast & white reflector footnotes: Numbers in colored boxes can be changed, which automatically alters computations. Copyright of Stan Walerczyk, LC, principal of Lighting Wizards. November 11, 2011 version. 50,000 (iffy in enclosed fixture) cumulative years in long term benefit notes appr. installed cost payback (yrs) comprehensive long term benefit 51 38 $21.95 $6.65 $180.00 7.9 $254.58 5077 1.30 6600 36,000 58 31 $17.90 $5.43 $56.00 2.8 $325.38 4831 1.30 6280 52,000 58 31 $17.90 $5.43 $58.00 2.9 $350.23 4050 1.40 5670 36,000 46 43 $24.83 $7.53 $66.00 2.4 $463.01 4831 1.35 6522 52,000 58 31 $17.90 $5.43 $68.00 3.5 $340.23 much less long term light Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS:
$0.15 blended KWH rate 1.00 additional air conditioning savings (1.00 is none) $0.05 /KWH saved first year rebate 15 existing proposed application and fixture type watts annual hours annual electric cost option retrofit option description TYPICAL OFFICE 12' long x 10' wide x 9' high rated lamp life hours @ 3 hour cycles watts (some averaged) watts per square foot watts reduction % watts reduction annual unit electric cost savings appr installed cost rebate per year maintenance savings benefit for comprehensive long term benefit and payback per year improved worker productivity from improved lighting quality benefit for comprehensive long term benefit and payback per year combined maintenance savings and improved worker productivity benenfit for long term benefit and payback years of long term benefit payback in years just electricty payback in years comprehensive long term benefit just electricity long term benefit comprehensive A Retrofit each troffer with 3 25W F32T8 5000K lamps &.71 BF extra efficient program start parallel wired ballast 30,000-36,000 112 0.93 68 38% $31 $120 $10 $2 $2 $4 3.6 3.5 $349 $399 B Retrofit each troffer with upscale kit which eliminates parabolic louvers, 1 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamp & 1.15 BF extra efficient program start ballast 30,000-36,000 78 0.65 102 57% $46 $230 $15 $6 $25 $31 4.7 4.0 $474 $924 12 x 10 x 9 office area with 2 2x4 18 cell parabolic troffers, each with 3 32W 735 20,000 hour rated F32T8s and generic.88 BF ballasting (1.51 watts per square foot) 180 3000 $81.00 B1 B2 C C1 C2 F2 Retrofit each troffer with upscale kit which eliminates parabolic louvers, 1 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamp &.89 BF extra efficient program start ballast. Also include 8W LED task light. Retrofit each troffer with upscale kit which eliminates parabolic louvers, 1 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamp &.71 BF extra efficient program start ballast. Also include 2 8W LED task lights. 30,000-36,000 for T8s 30,000-36,000 for T8s Remove both troffers. Install 8' suspended indirect/direct 30,000 - fixture that has 2 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamps & 1.15 36,000 BF extra efficient program start ballast. Remove both troffers. Install 8' suspended direct/indirect fixture that has 2 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamps &.89 BF extra efficient program start ballast. Also include 8W LED task light. Remove both troffers. Install 8' suspended direct/indirect fixture that has 2 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamps &.71 BF extra efficient program start ballast. Also include 2 8W LED task lights. Retrofit each troffer with 3 15W LED T8 lamps. Also include 2 8W LED task lights to provide sufficient light. 30,000-36,000 for T8s 30,000-36,000 for T8s 25,000-50,000 67 0.56 113 63% $51 $310 $17 $6 $35 $41 5.8 5.0 $470 $1,068 62 0.52 118 66% $53 $380 $18 $6 $40 $46 6.8 6.0 $434 $1,107 70 0.58 110 61% $50 $410 $17 $6 $35 $41 7.9 7.1 $349 $948 63 0.53 117 65% $53 $490 $18 $6 $45 $51 9.0 8.0 $317 $1,065 60 0.50 120 67% $54 $560 $18 $6 $50 $56 10.0 9.0 $268 $1,090 104 0.87 76 42% $34 $600 $11 $2 $2 $4 17.2 17.1 -$76 -$27 G Remove both troffers. Install 2 high performance LED troffers, set at full 41W, so sufficient light at end of life. 50,000 82 0.68 98 54% $44 $650 $15 $8 $25 $33 14.4 13.7 $26 $507 G1 Remove both troffers. Install 2 high performance LED troffers, set at 34W. Also include 8W LED task light. 50,000 75 0.63 105 58% $47 $720 $16 $8 $35 $43 14.9 14.0 $5 $634 G2 Remove both t8offers. Install 2 high performance LED troffers, set at 28W. Also include 2 7W LED task lights. 50,000 70 0.58 110 61% $50 $790 $17 $8 $40 $48 15.6 14.7 -$31 $673 copyright of Stan Walerczyk of Lighting Wizards, www.lightingwizards.com, 10/1/11 version Source: Stan Walerczyk LIGHTING WIZARDS: