one vision one identity one community

2017 one vision one identity one community

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2017 The ASEAN Secretariat Jakarta

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia. For inquiries, contact: The ASEAN Secretariat Community Relations Division (CRD) 70A Jalan Sisingamangaraja Jakarta 12110, Indonesia Phone : (62 21) 724-3372, 726-2991 Fax : (62 21) 739-8234, 724-3504 E-mail : public@asean.org ASEAN: A Community of Opportunities Catalogue-in-Publication Data ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2017 Jakarta, ASEAN Secretariat, November 2017 339.959 1. ASEAN Statistics Economics 2. GDP Trade FDI ISBN 978-602-6392-84-8 The text of this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided proper acknowledgement is given and a copy containing the reprinted material is sent to the Community Relations Division (CRD) of the ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. General information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org Copyright Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 2017. All rights reserved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ASEAN in the Global Economy 1 1.1. Total Population............................................... 1 1.2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at current price.............................. 2 1.3. GDP per capita, at current price....................................... 3 1.4. GDP per capita, at PPP dollar........................................ 4 1.5. Trade in Goods................................................ 5 1.6. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)....................................... 6 2 ASEAN Economy 7 2.1. Annual GDP Growth............................................. 7 2.2. GDP per capita, at current price....................................... 8 2.3. Consumer Price Index in ASEAN-6 (base year = 2007)........................... 9 2.4. Consumer Price Index of Transport and Housing in ASEAN-6 (base year = 2007)..............10 2.5. Rate of Change in ASEAN Member States Currencies-to-US Dollar, 2015-2016.............. 11 2.6. ASEAN Member States Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average)..................... 12 3 ASEAN Trade Performance 13 3.1. Trade in Goods............................................... 13 3.2. Trade in Goods as Share of GDP.......................................14 3.3. Intra- and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods.................................. 15 3.4. ASEAN Member States Exports of Goods by Destination, 2016...................... 16 3.5. ASEAN Member States Imports of Goods by Origin, 2016.........................17 3.6. Top Ten Export Commodities, 2016..................................... 18 3.7. ASEAN Top Ten Import Commodities, 2016.................................19 3.8. Intra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities, 2016................................ 20 3.9. Extra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities, 2016............................... 21 4 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners 22 4.1. Total Trade in Goods............................................ 22 4.2. Share to ASEAN s Total Trade in Goods.................................. 23 4.3. Exports of Goods.............................................. 24 4.4. Imports of Goods............................................. 25 iii

iv 4.5. Trade in Goods Balance.......................................... 26 4.6. Top 5 Trade Commodities with Australia-New Zealand, 2016....................... 27 4.7. Top 5 Trade Commodities with Canada, 2016............................... 28 4.8. Top 5 Trade Commodities with China, 2016................................ 29 4.9. Top 5 Trade Commodities with EU-28, 2016................................ 30 4.10. Top 5 Trade Commodities with India, 2016................................. 31 4.11. Top 5 Trade Commodities with Japan, 2016................................ 32 4.12. Top 5 Trade Commodities with Republic of Korea, 2016.......................... 33 4.13. Top 5 Trade Commodities with Russia, 2016................................ 34 4.14. Top 5 Trade Commodities with USA, 2016................................. 35 5 ASEAN Trade in Services 36 5.1. Trade in Services.............................................. 36 5.2. Exports of Services by Broad Headings.................................. 37 5.3. Imports of Services by Broad Headings.................................. 38 5.4. Intra-ASEAN Exports of Services by Broad Headings........................... 39 5.5. Intra-ASEAN Imports of Services by Broad Headings........................... 40 6 Investment in ASEAN 41 6.1. Inward Flows of FDI, Extra and Intra-ASEAN............................... 41 6.2. Inward Flows of FDI by ASEAN Member States (ASEAN-6)....................... 42 6.3. Inward Flows of FDI by ASEAN Member States (CLMV)......................... 43 6.4. Inward Flows of FDI by Source Countries................................. 44 6.5. Intra-ASEAN Inward Flows of FDI by Host Countries, 2016........................ 45 6.6. Inward Flows of FDI by Component.................................... 46 6.7. Inward Flows of FDI by Activity, 2016................................... 47 7 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community 48 7.1. Internet Subscribers/Users and Cellular Phone Density, per 100 persons................ 48 7.2. Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length................................ 49 7.3. Visitor Arrivals............................................... 50

Asean Economic Community Chartbook 2017 INTRODUCTION CONTENTS CAVEAT The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Chartbook 2017, provides statistical updates on the various dimensions of the ASEAN economic community based primarily on data submitted by the ASEAN Member States (AMS). It covers the period of 2007, the year the Declaration on the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint was signed, to 2016. The AEC Chartbook, now in its 11th edition, aims to walk its readers through the different developments taking place in the ASEAN region ranging from demography, economy, international trade, investment to infrastructure, in eight sections as follows: 1 ASEAN in the Global Economy situates the region in the global economy in terms of its population, economic size and growth, trade, and investment. 2 ASEAN Economy looks into key macroeconomic trends and developments within the region. 3 ASEAN Trade Performance examines the trends of exports and imports of goods, composition and direction of trade within the region and with the rest of the world. 4 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners maps the region s trade position and the concentration and dependencies of traded commodities with its dialogue partners 5 ASEAN Trade in Services describes the trends of export and import of services within ASEAN and with the rest of the world. 6 Investment in ASEAN highlights the inflows of foreign direct investment into the region. 7 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community observes other important elements characterising the regional economy i.e.information and communications technology, infrastructure, and tourism. The charts presented in this publication are based on data available in the various databases being maintained by the ASEAN Secretariat as submitted through relevant ASEAN working groups and/ or data sharing schemes and/or as gathered from official publications and websites of the AMS and international organisations, as of 31 October 2017. Some data were derived/estimated using basic statistical approaches employed by the ASEAN Secretariat. Unless otherwise stated, these figures are in no way considered as official statistics, and are used only to give indicative information. v

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1 1.1. Total Population ASEAN in the Global Economy 1,600 1,400 1,383 1,309 2007 2015 2016 1,200 In million persons 1,000 800 600 400 200 634 323 259 206 194 184 154 143 127 122 1 0 China India ASEAN USA Indonesia Brazil Pakistan Nigeria Bangladesh Russia Japan Mexico and IMF World Economic Outlook April 2017 In 2016, ASEAN s population reached 634 million persons and was the third largest in the world, after China and India. Indonesia s population accounted for about 40.8% of the region s total population.

1 1.2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at current price ASEAN in the Global Economy 2 In billion US dollar Brazil Italy India France ASEAN United Kingdom Germany Japan China 1,799 1,851 2,256 2,463 2,559 2,629 3,467 4,939 2016 2015 2007 11,218 Brazil, 2.4% Italy, 2.5% India, 3.0% France, 3.3% ASEAN, 3.4% United Kingdom, 3.5% Germany, 4.6% Japan, 6.6% Share to the World GDP, 2016 China 14.9% Rest of the World 31.3% USA 24.7% USA 18,569 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 and IMF World Economic Outlook April 2017 In 2016, ASEAN remained as the sixth richest economy in the world. ASEAN was also third among the Asian countries, after China and Japan.

1 1.3. GDP per capita, at current price ASEAN in the Global Economy In US dollar 103,199 105,825 63,628 79,242 70,392 67,079 62,562 60,787 59,629 84,904 69,167 60,756 67,505 34,084 47,955 58,641 57,436 39,224 53,744 52,963 4,034 3 2,373 2007 2015 2016 and IMF World Economic Outlook April 2017 ASEAN GDP per capita increased by 70.0% from US$2,373 in 2007 to US$4,034 in 2016. Singapore was one of the top ten countries with the highest GDP per capita in the world.

1 1.4. GDP per capita, at PPP dollar ASEAN in the Global Economy In PPP dollar 127,660 4 117,000 92,435 70,346 104,003 95,151 87,858 77,085 71,887 64,466 73,237 66,422 61,899 47,692 69,249 73,118 69,231 51,335 67,871 59,561 15,164 7,065 2007 2015 2016 and IMF World Economic Outlook April 2017 Note: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) dollar takes into account the differences in the purchasing power of the US dollar in the countries. PPP $1 in a country, say Cambodia, has the same purchasing power as PPP $1 in all other countries in the world. The region s GDP per capita (PPP) increased by 114.6% from PPP$7,065 in 2007 to PPP$15,164 in 2016. Singapore and Brunei Darussalam were among the top 5 economies with the highest GDP per capita (PPP) in the world.

1 1.5. Trade in Goods ASEAN in the Global Economy In billion US dollar Total Trade Share to the World Total Trade, 2016 Italy Netherlands United Kingdom France Japan 902 1,045 1,064 1,073 1,074 2016 2015 2007 Netherlands 2.8% Rep. of Korea 3.2% United Kingdom 3.3% France 3.3% Rest of the World 42.7% Hong Kong ASEAN Germany USA China 1,252 2,236 2,395 3,686 3,706 Japan 3.3% Hong Kong 3.9% ASEAN 6.9% Germany 7.4% USA 11.5% China 11.5% 5 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 and UNComtrade In 2016, ASEAN s total trade stood at US$2.2 trillion, accounting for 6.9% share of the world s total trade, positioning it at the fourth position after China (11.5%), USA (11.5%) and Germany (7.4%).

1 1.6. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) ASEAN in the Global Economy In billion US dollar Total FDI Inward Flows Share to the World Total FDI Inward Flows, 2016 6 Cayman Islands Australia Brazil British Virgin Islands Netherlands ASEAN Hong Kong China United Kingdom USA 45 48 59 59 92 98 108 134 2016 2015 2007 254 Cayman Islands 2.6% Australia 2.8% Brazil 3.4% British Virgin Islands 3.4% Netherlands 5.3% ASEAN 5.6% 391 Hong Kong 6.2% China 7.7% United Kingdom 14.5% Rest of the World 26.3% USA 22.4% 0 100 200 300 400 and UNCTAD In 2016, ASEAN with a share of 5.6% to the world total FDI inward flows was the fifth biggest recipient of FDI in the world after USA (22.4%), United Kingdom (14.5%), China (7.7%) and Hong Kong (6.2%).

2 2.1. Annual GDP Growth ASEAN Economy In percent 14 2007 2015 2016 12 10 10.2 12.0 9.1 8.7 8 6 4 2 0.6 6.9 6.3 5.0 6.0 7.0 6.3 4.2 5.7 6.6 6.9 2.0 5.4 3.2 7.1 6.2 6.4 4.6 6.1 6.6 4.8 7 0-2 -4 Brunei Darussalam -2.5 Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN-6 CLMV ASEAN Note: ASEAN-6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand; CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam The region s GDP grew at 4.8% in 2016, lower by around 1.9 percentage points from 2007. GDP growth in CLMV remained higher than in ASEAN-6 during the same period.

2 2.2. GDP per capita, at current price ASEAN Economy In US dollar 60,000 50,000 52,963 2007 2015 2016 40,000 30,000 26,493 8 20,000 10,000 0 Brunei Darussalam Cambodia 1,266 Indonesia 3,600 Lao PDR 2,402 Malaysia 9,464 Myanmar 1,297 Philippines 3,017 Singapore Thailand 6,034 Viet Nam 2,138 ASEAN-6 4,833 CLMV 1,804 ASEAN 4,034 Member States GDP per capita varied widely. In 2016, GDP per capita in Singapore and Brunei Darussalam reached more than US$50,000 and US$25,000, respectively, while GDP per capita in Cambodia and Myanmar stood at US$1,266 and US$1,297, respectively. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand s GDP per capita ranged from US$3,000 to US$9,500.

2 2.3. Consumer Price Index in ASEAN-6 (base year = 2007) ASEAN Economy Overall Food 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 Indonesia 210 200 190 180 Philippines 170 160 150 Singapore 140 Thailand 130 Malaysia 120 110 Brunei Darussalam 100 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Indonesia Philippines Thailand Malaysia Singapore Brunei Darussalam 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 9 In 2016, overall prices in the ASEAN-6 grew between 0.2% and 3.5%. Increase in food prices was relatively higher in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand, ranging from almost 6% to 0.2% during the same year.

2 2.4. Consumer Price Index of Transport and Housing in ASEAN-6 (base year = 2007) ASEAN Economy Transport Housing 150 140 Indonesia 160 150 Indonesia 10 130 120 110 100 90 Singapore Philippines Thailand 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 140 130 120 Malaysia 110 Brunei Darussalam 100 90 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Singapore Philippines Malaysia Thailand Brunei Darussalam Transport prices in ASEAN-6 countries declined, except Philippines which slightly grew by 0.3%. Housing prices in Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore experienced a relatively high increase ranging from 4.0% to 6.1%.

2 2.5. Rate of Change in ASEAN Member States Currencies-to-US Dollar, 2015-2016 ASEAN Economy In percent 25 20 2015 2016 15 10 5 0-5 Brunei Darussalam 1.9 Cambodia 4.3 Indonesia -1.1 Lao PDR -0.03 Malaysia 4.1 4.0 Myanmar Philippines 1.2 Singapore 0.5 Thailand 3.1 Viet Nam 4.8 11 Note: A positive (+) rate of change connotes currency depreciation while a negative (-) rate of change indicates currency appreciation Except Indonesia and Lao PDR, all other ASEAN Member States currencies depreciated vis-à-vis the US dollar between 2015 and 2016. The Indonesian Rupiah appreciated by 1.1% in 2016.

2 2.6. ASEAN Member States Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average) ASEAN Economy 2007 2015 2016 2007 2015 2016 2007 2015 2016 12 US dollar 5 4 3 2 1 0 Brunei Darussalam 1.4 Malaysia 4.1 Singapore 1.4 US dollar 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Philippines 46.4 Thailand 35.3 US dollar 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Cambodia 4,233 Indonesia 13,328 Lao PDR 8,129 Myanmar 1,182 Viet Nam 22,719 Between 2007 and 2016, the Indonesian Rupiah depreciated the most vis-à-vis the US dollar to reach 13,328 per US dollar in 2016 compared to 9,164 in 2007, followed by Vietnamese Dong (from 16,120 per US dollar to 22,719) and Malaysian Ringgit (from 3.4 per US dollar to 4.1).

3 3.1. Trade in Goods ASEAN Trade Performance In billion US dollar 3,000 2,500 Total Trade, 2,236 2,000 1,500 1,000 Extra-ASEAN, 1,720 13 500 Intra-ASEAN, 516 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 In 2016, the region s total trade in goods slightly decreased by 1.6% to US$2,236 billion from US$2,273 billion in the previous year; both extra-asean and intra-asean trade in good were down by 2.0% and 1.5%, respectively.

3 3.2. Trade in Goods as Share of GDP ASEAN Trade Performance In percent 140 120 100 Total Trade, 87.4 14 80 60 40 Extra-ASEAN, 67.2 20 0 Intra-ASEAN, 20.2 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 In 2016, total trade in goods accounted for 87.4% of GDP. Intra-ASEAN share to GDP remained relatively stable at 20.2%.

3 3.3. Intra- and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods ASEAN Trade Performance In percent 2007 2015 2016 Intra-ASEAN 25.0% Intra- ASEAN 23.2% Intra- ASEAN 23.1% 15 Extra-ASEAN 75.0% Extra- ASEAN 76.8% Extra- ASEAN 76.9% In 2016, intra-asean trade in goods remained stable at approximately 23% of the region s total trade in goods.

3 3.4. ASEAN Member States Exports of Goods by Destination, 2016 ASEAN Trade Performance In percent Viet Nam Thailand 9.8 25.4 Intra-ASEAN Extra-ASEAN Singapore 29.4 Philippines 14.9 Myanmar 29.1 16 Malaysia Lao PDR Indonesia 23.3 29.4 49.6 Cambodia 8.6 Brunei Darussalam ASEAN 25.0 24.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Lao PDR exported around 50% of its products within the region while Cambodia and Viet Nam shipped around 90% of their commodities outside the ASEAN.

3 3.5. ASEAN Member States Imports of Goods by Origin, 2016 ASEAN Trade Performance In percent Viet Nam Thailand Singapore Philippines 13.7 20.3 21.5 26.2 Intra-ASEAN Extra-ASEAN Myanmar 37.7 Malaysia Lao PDR Indonesia 24.6 25.7 74.3 17 Cambodia 37.3 Brunei Darussalam 48.3 ASEAN 22.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Lao PDR purchased nearly 75% of their commodity items from within the region while Viet Nam imported the least from the ASEAN countries.

3 3.6. Top Ten Export Commodities, 2016 ASEAN Trade Performance 18 In percent Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 25.6% 32.2% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 11.4% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 9.5% Natural/cultured pearls, precious/semi -precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles ; imitation jewellery 3.7% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories 3.7% Organic chemicals 2.3% Plastics and articles 3.2% Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories 3.1% Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 2.8% Rubber and articles 2.5% Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonised System Code Electrical-related products, nuclears-related equipments/appliances and mineral fuels/oils and their related products, were the top three commodity exports constituting almost 50% of ASEAN total exports.

3 3.7. ASEAN Top Ten Import Commodities, 2016 ASEAN Trade Performance In percent Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 23.4% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 13.1% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 12.1% Plastics and articles 4.0% 30.3% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories 3.9% Iron and steel 3.3% Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi -precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles ; imitation jewellery; coin 3.2% 19 Organic chemicals 1.9% Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories 2.8% Articles of iron or steel 1.9% Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonised System Code Electrical-related products, nuclears-related equipments/appliances and mineral fuels/oils and their related products, accounted for almost 50% of ASEAN imports.

3 3.8. Intra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities, 2016 ASEAN Trade Performance In percent Exports Imports 38.9% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 22.0% 37.2% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 22.6% 20 Plastics and articles 4.5% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories 5.0% Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonised System Code Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 12.4% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 17.2% Plastics and articles 4.3% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories 5.7% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 10.9% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 19.4% Electrical machinery and equipment and their related products were the major intra-asean export and import commodity items, accounting for 22.0% and 22.6% of the total, respectively.

3 3.9. Extra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities, 2016 ASEAN Trade Performance In percent Exports Imports 48.2% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 26.6% 44.9% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 23.6% Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories 3.4% Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles ; imitation jewellery 3.8% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 7.1% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 11.0% Plastics and articles 3.9% Iron and steel 3.9% Mineral fuels, Nuclear reactors, mineral oils and boilers, machinery products of their and mechanical distillation; appliances; parts bituminous substances; mineral 13.7% waxes 10.0% 21 Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonised System Code The top export and import item of extra-asean trade was electrical-related products, accounting for 26.6% and 23.6%, respectively.

4 4.1. Total Trade in Goods ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In million US dollar 368,026 233,561 211,801 201,892 22 171,102 187,334 China EU-28 178,178 USA 173,268 Japan 61,250 Republic of Korea 47,927 Australia- New Zealand 124,251 60,689 38,399 9,495 India Canada 58,449 Russia 5,397 12,631 2007 2015 11,957 2016 In 2016, China remained as ASEAN s top trading partner, with total trade in goods amounting to US$368 billion. Compared to 2015, ASEAN trade with Canada and China recorded the highest increase at 3.7% and 2.9%, respectively.

4 4.2. Share to ASEAN s Total Trade in Goods ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent 2007 2015 2016 ANZ 3.0% Canada 0.6% ANZ 2.9% Canada 0.5% ANZ 2.7% Canada 0.6% China 10.6% China 15.7% China 16.5% 46.0% EU-28 11.6% Japan 10.7% USA 11.0% ROK 3.8% Russia 0.3% India 2.4% 43.0% USA 9.2% Russia 0.6% Japan 10.0% ROK 5.4% EU-28 10.0% India 2.6% 42.6% USA 9.5% Russia 0.5% Japan 9.0% ROK 5.6% EU-28 10.4% India 2.6% 23 Note: ANZ= Australia-New Zealand; ROK= Republic of Korea China, EU-28, Japan and USA s combined shares to ASEAN s total trade in goods grew from 44.9% in 2015 to 45.4% in 2016.

4 4.3. Exports of Goods ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent 2007 2015 2016 ANZ 3.6% Canada 0.6% ANZ 3.5% Canada 0.6% ANZ 3.3% Canada 0.6% China 9.0% China 12.4% China 12.5% 24 45.3% EU-28 12.6% 45.5% EU-28 10.9% 44.9% EU-28 11.3% USA 12.3% Japan 9.9% ROK 3.4% Russia 0.2% India 3.0% USA 10.7% Russia 0.4% Japan 8.7% India 3.5% ROK 3.9% USA 11.4% Russia 0.4% Japan 8.3% ROK 4.0% India 3.3% Note: ANZ= Australia-New Zealand; ROK= Republic of Korea In 2016, China was the top export destination of ASEAN, accounting for 12.5% of the region s total exports, followed by USA (11.4%), EU-28 (11.3%), and Japan (8.3%).

4 4.4. Imports of Goods ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent 2007 2015 2016 ANZ 2.2% Canada 0.6% ANZ 2.2% Canada 0.5% ANZ 3.3% Canada 0.6% 46.7% USA 9.6% China 12.4% Russia 0.4% EU-28 10.5% Japan 11.7% ROK 4.2% India 1.6% 40.4% USA 7.6% Russia 0.9% China 19.3% ROK 7.0% Japan 11.4% EU-28 9.1% India 1.8% 44.9% USA 11.4% China 12.5% Russia 0.4% EU-28 11.3% Japan 8.3% ROK 4.0% India 3.3% 25 Note: ANZ= Australia-New Zealand; ROK= Republic of Korea ASEAN s imports of Chinese and Japanese-made products declined in 2016 while shipments from EU-28 and USA expanded during the same year.

4 4.5. Trade in Goods Balance ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In million US dollar 60,000 2007 2015 2016 50,341 40,000 27,268 20,000 14,392 16,819 26 0-20,000-40,000 2,157-9,819-32,829-2,392-60,000-80,000-80,989-100,000 ANZ Canada China EU-28 India Japan Republic of Korea Russia USA Note: A positive value indicates trade surplus; the region is a net exporter. In 2016, among its dialogue partners, ASEAN registered trade surpluses with Australia-New Zealand, Canada, EU-28, India, and USA while trade deficits were recorded with China, Korea, Japan and Russia.

4 4.6. Top 5 Trade Commodities with Australia-New Zealand, 2016 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent Exports Imports 39.6% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 19.1% 59.3% Articles of iron or steel 4.1% Electrical Nuclear reactors, machinery and boilers, machinery equipment and and mechanical parts ; sound appliances; parts recorders and reproducers, 11.4% television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 8.7% Vehicles other than Live animals railway or tramway 4.2% rolling stock, and parts and accessories 17.2% Meat and edible meat offal 4.7% Cereals 7.7% Natural or Mineral fuels, cultured pearls, mineral oils and precious or products of semi-precious their distillation; stones, bituminous precious substances; metals, metals mineral waxes clad with 16.1% precious metal, and articles ; imitation jewellery; coin 8.0% 27 Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code Mineral fuels, oils and related products were the major traded items for both exports and imports with Australia and New Zealand.

4 4.7. Top 5 Trade Commodities with Canada, 2016 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent Exports Imports 44.8% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 24.1% 47.6% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 13.6% 28 Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles 5.2% Articles of apparel Nuclear reactors, and clothing boilers, machinery accessories, not and mechanical knitted or crocheted appliances; parts 5.9% 7.8% Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted 12.3% Electrical machinery and equipment and Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; Cereals 10.9% parts ; sound recovered (waste recorders and reproducers, television image and scrap) paper or paperboard 8.9% and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 6.7% Fertilisers 12.4% Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code Exports to Canada were mainly electrical machinery/equipment and articles of apparel and clothing accessories. Imports were mainly of cereals, fertilizers and nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.

4 4.8. Top 5 Trade Commodities with China, 2016 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent Exports Imports 42.6% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 26.8% 40.2% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 28.8% 29 Rubber and articles 4.9% Plastics and articles 5.9% Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 8.8% Mineral fuels, Articles of iron or mineral oils and steel products of their 3.4% distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 10.9% Plastics and articles 3.6% Iron and steel 6.6% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 17.5% Electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts accounted for nearly 30% of the region s trade with China.

4 4.9. Top 5 Trade Commodities with EU-28, 2016 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent Exports Imports 45.2% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 27.5% 47.5% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 20.4% 30 Optical, Footwear, gaiters photographic, and the like; parts cinematographic, of such articles measuring, 5.0% checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories 4.3% Organic chemicals 5.1% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 12.8% Pharmaceutical products 5.1% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories 5.4% Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts 6.1% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 15.5% Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code Trade with EU-28 consisted largely of electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers as well as nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.

4 4.10. Top 5 Trade Commodities with India, 2016 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent Exports Imports 40.4% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 16.1% 55.8% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 19.4% Plastics and articles 4.8% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 10.8% Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code Electrical Animal or vegetable machinery and fats and oils and equipment and their cleavage parts ; sound products; prepared recorders and edible fats; animal reproducers, or vegetable waxes television image 14.1% and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 13.8% Electrical machinery and equipment and Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious Organic chemicals 6.1% parts ; sound stones, precious recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles ; imitation jewellery; coin 5.4% parts and accessories of such articles 4.5% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 8.8% 31 The region s leading export items to India mostly consisted of mineral fuels, oils and related products and animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products. Imported goods were mainly mineral fuels, oils and related products and nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.

4 4.11. Top 5 Trade Commodities with Japan, 2016 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent Exports Imports 48.3% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 21.3% 33.7% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 22.7% 32 Plastics and articles 3.8% Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal 5.2% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 8.7% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 12.7% Plastics and articles 4.9% Iron and 7.7% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories 11.6% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 19.5% Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code Electrical machinery and equipment and parts together with nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances and mineral fuels, oils and related products comprised the region s most traded commodities with Japan.

4 4.12. Top 5 Trade Commodities with Republic of Korea, 2016 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent 38.6% Exports Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 32.5% 30.6% Imports Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 41.2% Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories 3.0% Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted 4.3% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 8.0% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 13.7% Iron and steel 4.7% Plastics and articles 6.0% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 8.8% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 8.8% 33 Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and mineral fuels, oils and related products accounted for nearly 50% of the region s trade with the Republic of Korea.

4 4.13. Top 5 Trade Commodities with Russia, 2016 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent Exports Imports 37.1% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 29.9% Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 62.1% 34 Rubber and articles 3.9% Coffee, tea, maté and spices 4.6% Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 11.5% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 13.0% 14.7% Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories 1.6% Aluminium and articles 2.5% Fertilisers 9.0% Iron and steel 10.0% Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code The region s main export products to Russia were electrical machinery and equipment, and parts. On the other hand, mineral fuels, oils and related products accounted for three-fourths of ASEAN s imported goods from the Russia.

4 4.14. Top 5 Trade Commodities with USA, 2016 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners In percent Exports Imports 40.5% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 25.9% 38.5% Electrical machinery and equipment and parts ; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 22.9% Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles 4.6% Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted 5.7% Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted 8.6% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 14.7% Plastics and articles 3.6% Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories 7.1% Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts 8.1% Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts 19.9% 35 Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code Electrical machinery and equipment and parts together combined with nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances made up more than 40% of ASEAN s trade with USA.

5 5.1. Trade in Services ASEAN Trade in Services 36 Total Trade in Services In billion US dollar 350 300 250 200 150 100 Total Exports 327 Total Imports 317 15 10 5 0-5 -10-15 -20 Trade Balance In percent of GDP 15 Total Exports 12.7 10 Total Imports 14.0 Total Exports 12.8 Total Imports 12.4 50-25 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016-30 5 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6th Edition. ASEAN trade in services grew significantly during the period 2007-2016, with total exports and imports reaching US$327 billion and US$317 billion, respectively, both accounting for approximately 13% of the region s GDP in 2016. ASEAN was a net exporter of services in 2016.

5 5.2. Exports of Services by Broad Headings ASEAN Trade in Services In percent 2016 35.6 23.1 20.6 2015 34.2 23.7 21.1 Travel Other business services 2014 33.9 23.4 22.6 Transport 2013 2012 35.5 34.6 22.7 22.6 21.5 22.9 Financial services Telecommunications, computer, and information services 37 2011 33.4 21.4 24.3 2010 31.8 21.7 26.4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6th Edition. The combined shares of travel, transportation and other business services continued to account for around 80% of ASEAN s total exports of services.

5 5.3. Imports of Services by Broad Headings ASEAN Trade in Services In percent 2016 30.9 24.6 21.0 2015 31.5 24.7 20.4 Transport Other business services 2014 32.1 24.6 20.3 Travel 38 2013 2012 31.3 33.0 24.3 22.6 20.0 20.4 Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e Telecommunications, computer, and information services 2011 34.7 22.2 19.8 2010 34.6 21.1 20.7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6th Edition. Transport, travel and other business services topped the list of ASEAN s imports of services, with a total share of 76.5% in 2016.

5 5.4. Intra-ASEAN Exports of Services by Broad Headings ASEAN Trade in Services In percent 2016 53.3 15.4 14.8 2015 52.4 14.5 15.2 Travel Transport 2014 54.9 14.5 15.1 Other business services 2013 2012 53.6 53.1 15.8 16.5 15.9 16.0 Telecommunications, computer, and information services Financial services 39 2011 54.6 16.8 14.9 2010 54.5 16.9 14.4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6th Edition. In 2016, travel services along with transport and other business services accounted for more than 80% of intra- ASEAN s exports of services.

5 5.5. Intra-ASEAN Imports of Services by Broad Headings ASEAN Trade in Services In percent 2016 45.2 20.9 19.1 2015 46.2 21.2 17.3 Travel Transport 2014 49.1 21.0 16.7 Other business services 40 2013 2012 46.0 46.6 19.9 21.2 19.4 18.4 Telecommunications, computer, and information services Insurance and pension services 2011 43.7 23.5 19.6 2010 43.7 24.5 18.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6th Edition. Transport, travel and other business services comprised 85% of intra-asean s imports of services in 2016.

6 6.1. Inward Flows of FDI, Extra and Intra-ASEAN Investment in ASEAN In million US dollar 140,000 Intra-ASEAN Extra-ASEAN Total 120,000 100,000 98,042 80,000 60,000 70,452 78,886 73,380 41 40,000 24,662 20,000 8,435 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Note: For 2012-2013, Lao PDR s data on by source country are not yet available; intra-/extra-asean breakdowns for 2012-2013 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat. FDI inward flows in ASEAN declined by 18.6% from US$121 billion in 2015 to US$98 billion in 2016. However, intra- ASEAN investment increased in 2016 accounting for 25.2% of ASEAN net FDI inward flows compared to 17.9% in 2015.

6 6.2. Inward Flows of FDI by ASEAN Member States (ASEAN-6) Investment in ASEAN In miilion US dollar 70,000 60,000 50,000 2007 2015 2016 53,912 40,000 42 30,000 20,000 10,000 0-10,000 11,329 7,933 3,521 2,553-150 Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Note: ASEAN-6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand Singapore remained as the highest recipient of FDI among the ASEAN-6 countries, with inward flows amounting to almost US$54 billion in 2016.

6 6.3. Inward Flows of FDI by ASEAN Member States (CLMV) Investment in ASEAN In miilion US dollar 14,000 12,000 2007 2015 2016 12,600 10,000 8,000 6,000 43 4,000 2,000 2,280 1,076 2,989 0 Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Viet Nam Note: CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam Viet Nam remained as the highest recipient of FDI among the CLMV countries. In 2016, FDI inward flows in Viet Nam grew by 6.8%, reaching US$13 billion.

6 6.4. Inward Flows of FDI by Source Countries Investment in ASEAN In million US dollar 40,000 44 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0-5,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 EU-28 32,239 ASEAN 24,662 USA 12,214 Japan 11,536 China 9,799 Note: For 2012-2013, Lao PDR s data on by source country are not yet available; intra-/extra-asean breakdowns for 2012-2013 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat. EU-28 investment became the largest source of FDI inflows at US$32 billion in 2016, followed by intra-asean at US$25 billion.

6 6.5. Intra-ASEAN Inward Flows of FDI by Host Countries, 2016 Investment in ASEAN In percent Lao PDR 0.2% Malaysia 2.1% Myanmar 1.7% Philippines 0.5% Singapore 5.9% Rest of the World 74.7% ASEAN 25.3% Thailand 1.8% Viet Nam 2.3% 45 Brunei Darussalam 0.1% Indonesia 10.0% Cambodia 0.6% Indonesia received the largest share of intra-asean investment, followed by Singapore, Viet Nam, Malaysia, and Thailand.

6 6.6. Inward Flows of FDI by Component Investment in ASEAN In million US dollar 100,000 80,000 60,000 46 40,000 20,000 0-20,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Equity Loans/debt instruments Reinvested Earning Note: No data available on net inflows of FDI by component for Lao PDR (2007-2015) and Myanmar (2010-2016). In 2016, equity capital remained the main source of funding for FDI in ASEAN. In contrast, debt instruments declined from US$1 billion in 2015 to -US$6 billion in 2016.

6 6.7. Inward Flows of FDI by Activity, 2016 Investment in ASEAN In percent Mining and quarrying 4.3% Transportation and storage 4.7% Manufacturing 8.1% 20.6% Real estate activities 8.8% Financial and Insurance activities 34.3% 47 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles 19.2% Investment in financial and insurance activities comprised 34.3% of the region s total FDI inflows, followed by wholesale and retail trade (19.2%) and real estate (8.8%). Services sector account for 78.8% of ASEAN s investment inflows.

7 7.1. Internet Subscribers/Users and Cellular Phone Density, per 100 persons Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community Internet subscribers/users per 100 persons Cellular phones per 100 persons Viet Nam 52.7 Viet Nam 130.6 Thailand 39.3 Thailand 125.8 Singapore 82.1 Singapore 146.1 Philippines 40.7 Philippines 118.1 Myanmar 21.8 Myanmar 76.7 48 Malaysia Lao PDR 18.2 71.1 2016 Malaysia Lao PDR 53.1 143.9 Indonesia Cambodia Brunei Darussalam 22.0 19.0 68.8 2015 2007 Indonesia Cambodia Brunei Darussalam 132.3 133.0 108.1 2016 2015 2007 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 50 100 150 200 In 2016, the number of internet subscribers/users continued to increase in all ASEAN Member States. During the same period, the number of cellular phone users increased considerably in Myanmar, Philippines and Indonesia. There were more than 100 cellular phones per 100 persons in all ASEAN countries except for Lao PDR and Myanmar, indicating that 1 person owns more than 1 unit of cellular phone in these countries.

7 7.2. Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community In percent 100 Singapore Brunei Darussalam 90 80 70 Philippines Thailand Malaysia 60 50 40 30 Viet Nam Indonesia Myanmar 49 20 Lao PDR 10 0 Cambodia 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 There is a marked improvement in Myanmar s road condition as shown by the increase in the ratio of paved road to total road length from 23.7% in 2013 to 43.3% in 2015. However, the ratio dropped to 35.3% in 2016.

7 7.3. Visitor Arrivals Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community In thousand persons 120,000 2007 2015 2016 113,055 100,000 80,000 50 60,000 40,000 26,757 29,531 20,000 0 219 Brunei Darussalam 16,404 12,024 5,000 4,239 2,902 5,967 10,013 Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam ASEAN Note: Data for 2016 are preliminary. Except 2013 and 2014, Brunei Darussalam data covered only visitor arrivals by air transport. Thailand data for 2016 only covers January-November 2016. Tourist arrivals in ASEAN reached nearly 113 million in 2016 with Thailand remaining as the favourite tourist destination in the region followed by Malaysia and Singapore.

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