Research Progress of Advanced Lithium Ion Polymer Battery Technology

The 34 th Florida International Battery Seminar Research Progress of Advanced Lithium Ion Polymer Battery Technology Peter Cheng Highpower Research Institute ----------------------------------------------------March 21st,2017

Content Highpower Company Introduction Highpower Battery Product & Application Introduction 4.45V High Energy Density Battery Technology Polymer Power Battery Technology Acknowledgements Contact Information

Company Introduction A Nasdaq(HPJ) Listed Company in 2008 Which Founded in 2001,Headquarter Located in Shenzhen, China With the employee in Shenzhen, Huizhou, Ganzhou, Suzhou, Hong Kong, Taiwan and San Francisco President & CEO Vision-Mission-Core Value Social Responsibility Research Institute Sales & Marketing Sourcing & Procurement Finance HR IT Shenzhen Highpower Shenzhen Springpower Huizhou Highpower.NiMH.Polymer.Polymer/Cylindrical/Pow er Cell Shenzhen Icon Huizhou Yipeng.Total Solution Ganzhou Highpower.Recycle (NiMH & Li-ion)

Highpower Li-ion Battery Type

Highpower Li-ion Battery Application

4.45V High Energy Density Battery Technology High Energy Density Consumer Battery Roadmap Cathode System Improvement Anode System Improvement Electrolyte System Improvement 4.45V battery performance Charge/Discharge curve High temperature 85±2 storage performance High temperature 60±2 long time storage performance Low temperature performance Room 23±2 temperature cycle life performance High temperature 45±2 cycle life performance Safety performance

High Energy Density Consumer Battery Roadmap

Cathode System Improvement 180 170 160 150 High Energy 140 Density 130 120 110 High 100 Safety 90 NMC 111 145 mah/g 4.2V LMO 4.2V 95mAh/g 2008 LCO-4.2V 142mAh/g NCM 523 155mAh/g 4.2V LFP 3.6V 130mAh/g NMC 424 145 mah/g 4.2V Doping & Coating LCO-4.35/4.40V 165/172mAh/g NMC 523 165/175mAh/g 4.35/4.40V LFP 3.6V 156mAh/g NCM 622 178mAh/g 4.35V Doping & Coating LCO-4.45V 182mAh/g Doping & Coating LMP 4.2V 150mAh/g LCO-4.50V 194mAh/g NCM 811 190/200mAh/g 4.20/4.35V LMFP 4.2V 160mAh/g Doping & Coating LCO-4.55V 205mAh/g 2010 2012 2014 2016 2017 2018 2020 285 300 315 330 345 360 375 390 NCA 185/195mAh/g 4.20/4.35V xli 2 MnO 3 (1-x)LiMO 2 (M=Mn, Ni, Co) 250mAh/g L 2 MO 4.6-5.0V LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 3.5-5.2V 140-148 mah/g (Spinel) LVP 3.0-4.8V 152-163 mah/g LCoP 3.5-4.9V 130-140 mah/g LNMP 3.5-5.2V 130mAh/g 2022

Cathode System Improvement 4.45V LCO precursor doping technology Element Weight Atom System update materials structure analysis: O K 34.59 65.92 Al K 0.39 0.44 Co K 65.02 33.64 Total 100 4.20V LCO 4.35V LCO 4.45V LCO

Cathode System Improvement System update materials metal ions dissolution comparison: Precursor doping improve LCO structural stability; System update high potential materials show excellent stability, phase transition had been suppressed; High potential material metal ions dissolution contend decreased obviously.

Capacity Density (mah/g) 2000 450 340 310 310 170 High Energy Density Artificial Graphite 340 Hard/Soft Carbon HC SC 2008 Anode System Improvement 300 Rapid charge MCMB Artificial/Natural Composite Graphite 360 310 170 450 Modified Artificial Graphite Si(SiOx)/Graphite 350 Amorphous Carbon Coating Modified Graphite LTO 350 Metal/Carbon Composite Li Metal Solid Battery 2009 2012 2013 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 800 3600

Anode System Improvement Deign thought SEM Anode energy density First generation: conventional graphite FSN-1 Second generation: Easy graphitization; Third generation: Secondary particle to decrease expansion; Binder system: Acrylic acid Normal SBR Mix primary and secondary particle increase efficiency and density;

Electrolyte System Improvement System update: optimize solvent and additive: System Solvent Additive 4.20V EC/DEC/EMC/PC VC/PS 4.35V EC/DEC/EMC/PC FEC/PS/DTD/SN 4.45V EC/PC/DEC/PP FEC/PS/DTD/DENE/HTC.. Mechanism analysis: SN: DENE: N O O N DTD:

Charge/Discharge Curve Charge & discharge curve: Discharge plateau: Rate current Voltage plateau 0.2C 3.876V 0.5C 3.776V 1.0C 3.664V 1.5C 3.592V 2.0C 3.574V

High Temp. Storage Performance(85 ) HT 85 4hrs test data: Performance chart: MARK Hot swelling IMP increase ratio Residual capacity ratio Recovery capacity ratio 4.45V-1# 3.93% 10.74% 94.53% 98.40% 4.45V-2# 3.91% 9.68% 92.47% 96.07% 4.45V-3# 2.45% 10.70% 92.63% 95.80% Aver. 3.43% 10.37% 93.21% 96.75% Min. 2.45% 9.68% 92.47% 95.80% Max. 3.93% 10.74% 94.53% 98.40%

High Temp. Long Time Storage Performance(60 ) Performance chart: 60 21days test data: NO Hot swelling Voltage retention 4# 7.21% 4.248 5# 7.39% 4.246 6# 7.12% 4.243 Aver. 7.24% 4.246 Min. 7.12% 4.243 Max. 7.39% 4.248

Low Temperature Performance Cell low temperature charge disassemble: 0 0.2C 0 0.3C Low temperature discharge data & performance chart: MARK - 20 0.2C - 10 0.2C 0 0.2C - 15 0.5C - 10 0.5C 0 0.5C 4.45V-7# 46.8% 83.4% 94.2% 30.0% 56.7% 76.5% 4.45V-8# 47.8% 83.3% 93.7% 37.1% 58.9% 78.3% 4.45V-9# 48.3% 82.5% 94.5% 37.9% 59.1% 81.7% Aver. 47.6% 83.1% 94.2% 35.0% 58.2% 78.8% Min. 46.8% 82.5% 93.7% 30.0% 56.7% 76.5% Max. 48.3% 83.4% 94.5% 37.9% 59.1% 81.7%

Room Temperature Cycle Life Performance Pass criteria:rt, 0.7/0.5C, 500 cycles capacity retention 80%, swelling ratio 10%;

High Temperature Cycle Life Performance Pass criteria:rt, 0.7/0.5C, 300 cycles capacity retention 80%,swelling ratio 10%;

Safety Performance Test Items Test Result Hot oven test (130 /30min.) Passed Short-circuit test (55 ) Passed Overcharge test (3C/5V) Passed Crush test Passed

Highpower Polymer Power Battery Technology Power Battery Roadmap High Energy Density Power Battery Performance High Power Density Power Battery Performance

Polymer Power Battery Roadmap

High Energy Density Power Battery Performance Cell model: HPD76130218AC Dimension: Max7.6*130*218 Chemical system: NCM with special coating technology (152mAh/g)/Graphite Operation voltage: 2.8~4.2V, nominal voltage 3.7V@1C Capacity: 20.0Ah(1C,min.),21.0Ah(1C,aver.),2.8V cut down Cell energy density: 190Wh/Kg Cell power density: 1200W/Kg Standard charge/discharge rate: 0.5C/0.5C & 1CA/1CA Charge & discharge parameter: 4.2V to 0.05C cut off, 2.8V cut down Cell cycle Life: 1C charge/1c discharge Room temp. 2000 cycles 80% residual capacity 10% swelling rate (25 ) High temp. 1000 cycles 80% residual capacity 10% swelling rate (45 ) Safety: QC/T 743 High temperature storage: 60 /30 days, swelling rate less than 10%

OCV Table & Curve Test Condition : Charge by 1CA CC-CV to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA. And discharged 5% of the 1C capacity at constant current of 1CA. The discharge repeats 20 times. Cells rest 60 minutes after every discharge. OCV shall be recorded after every pause. SOC (%) OCV (V) SOC (%) OCV (V) 100 4.184 45 3.661 95 4.113 40 3.643 90 4.053 35 3.629 85 3.999 30 3.615 80 3.947 25 3.598 75 3.895 20 3.579 70 3.843 15 3.552 65 3.794 10 3.521 60 3.752 5 3.487 55 3.715 0 3.448 50 3.683 OCV(V) 4.2 4 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3 OCV-SOC Profile 0 20 40 60 80 100 SOC(%)

Rate Discharge Performance Test Condition : Cells charged by 1CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA. And then discharged by 0.5C,1C,2C,3C,4C in turn. No. Capacity Ratio 0.5C 1C 2C 3C 4C 0.5C/20000mAh 1C/0.5C 2C/0.5C 3C/0.5C 4C/0.5C 1# 20526.1 20187.4 20009.2 20043.6 20003.3 102.63% 98.35% 97.48% 97.65% 97.45% 2# 20598.9 20177 20000.2 20022.2 19950.1 102.99% 97.95% 97.09% 97.20% 96.85% 3# 20409.0 20098.5 19983.9 19999.3 19971.2 102.05% 98.48% 97.92% 97.99% 97.85% Spec 100% 97% 90% 80% 75% 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.7 HPD76130218AC-20000mAh Rate Discharge Performance 0.5C 1C 2C 3C 4C Voltage/V 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Capacity/mAh

Test Condition : Cells charged by 1CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA at 25±5. Then stored under -20±2, -10±2, 0±2 for 24 hrs(and 55±2 for 4hrs), then discharge by 1C to 2.8V. No. IMP (mω) Temperature Discharge Performance Voltage (V) Capacity (mah) -20 55 Capacity(mAh) Ratio Capacity(mAh) Ratio Deformation 1# 1.7 4.184 20629.2 13022.5 63.10% 22144.8 107.35% NO NO 2# 1.6 4.186 20693.4 13540.7 65.40% 22260.5 107.57% NO NO 3# 1.7 4.188 20730.1 13670.9 65.95% 22233.8 107.25% NO NO Spec 50% 95% ND/NB HPD76130218AC-20000mAh Temperature Discharge Performance Broken Voltage/V 4.5 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5-20 C -10 C 0 C 25 C 55 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Capacity/mAh

60 /30 Days Storage Test Test Condition : Cells charged by 1CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA. Kept under 60±2 for 30 days, then rest at 25±5 for 2hrs. Discharged by 1C to 3.0V,standby for 10 minutes and then charged and discharged for 3 cycles. Original data After 60 / 30days Cell No OCV (V) Full Charge state Hot state Cooling to Room Temperature Residual. Cap. Recovery. Cap. IMP /mohm THK 1 /mm initial cap. /mah THK 2 /mm Swelling /% OCV (V) Vol. drop /% IMP /mohm IMP Increasing /% THK3 /mm Swelling /% mah % mah % 1# 4.195 1.7 7.27 20828 7.73 6.33 4.09 2.57 1.8 5.88 7.43 2.20 18973 91.09 20418 98.03 2# 4.185 1.8 7.35 20881 7.72 5.03 4.084 2.47 2.0 11.11 7.46 1.50 19162 91.77 20654 98.91 3# 4.194 1.7 7.30 20905 7.74 6.03 4.089 2.50 1.9 11.76 7.46 2.19 19268 92.17 20489 98.01 Spec (Reference) Residual capacity 85%; Recovery capacity 90%

RT Cycle Life Performance Test Condition : Charge @25 : Charged by 1CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA. Rest for 10min. Discharge @25 : Discharged by 1CA to 3.0V. Rest for10min 110% 76130218-20Ah 25 1C/1C Cycle Percentage 100% 90% 80% 1# 2# 3# 70% 60% Criteria:80% after 2000cycles 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400

HT Cycle Life Performance Test Condition : Charge @45 /60 : Charged by 1CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA. Rest for 10min. Discharge @45 /60 :Discharged by 1CA to 3.0V. Rest for10min 110% 76130218-20Ah 45 1C/1C Cycle 110% 76130218-20Ah 60 1C/1C Cycle 100% 100% Percentage 90% 80% 1# 2# Percentage 90% 80% 1# 2# 70% 60% Criteria:80% after 1000cycle. 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 3# 70% 60% Criteria:80% after 800cycle. 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 3#

Safety Performance Test Items Sample Size Test After Conclusion Nail penetration 5pcs Passed Heating test (130 /30min.) 5pcs Passed Short-circuit(55 ) 5pcs Passed Overcharge Test(1C/5.0V) 5pcs Passed Crush test 5pcs Passed Impact Test 5pcs Passed

High Power Density Power Battery Performance Cell model: HPD10161221AD Dimension: Max10.5*165*223 Chemical system: NCM with special coating technology (145mAh/g)/Graphite Operation voltage: 3.0~4.2V, nominal voltage 3.7V@1C Capacity: 18.0Ah(1C,min.),18.5Ah(1C,aver.),3.0V cut down Cell energy density: 130Wh/Kg Cell power density: 2700W/Kg Standard charge/discharge rate:1.0c/1.0c Charge & discharge parameter: 4.2V to 0.05C cut off, 3.0V cut down Cell cycle Life: 1.0C charge/1.0c discharge or 4.0C charge/5.0c discharge Room temp. 2000 cycles 80% residual capacity 10% swelling rate(4c/5c) High temp. 1000 cycles 80% residual capacity 10% swelling rate (45,1C/1C) Safety: GB/T 31485

OCV Table & Curve Test Condition : Charge by 1CA CC-CV to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA. And discharged 5% of the 1C capacity at constant current of 1CA. The discharge repeats 20 times. Cells rest 60 minutes after every discharge. OCV shall be recorded after every pause. SOC (%) OCV (V) SOC (%) OCV (V) 100 4.185 45 3.720 95 4.126 40 3.700 90 4.072 35 3.681 85 4.022 30 3.664 80 3.976 25 3.643 75 3.932 20 3.616 70 3.890 15 3.593 65 3.848 10 3.568 60 3.806 5 3.540 55 3.772 0 3.503 50 3.744 OCV(V) 4.2 4 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3 OCV-SOC Profile 0 20 40 60 80 100 SOC(%)

Rate Charge Performance Test Condition : Cells discharged by 1CA to 3.0V. And then charged by 1C,2C,3C,5C, 8C to 4.2V with 0.05CA cut-off in turn. CC-CV Capacity(mAh) CC-Capacity(mAh) CC-Ratio No. 1C 2C 3C 5C 1C 2C 3C 5C 1C 2C 3C 5C 1# 18479.3 18595.4 18635.2 18654.1 17238.3 16604.9 15979.3 15496.4 93.28% 89.30% 85.75% 83.07% 2# 18416.6 18523.2 18587.3 18640.7 17553.1 16764.7 16021.6 15430.6 95.31% 90.51% 86.20% 82.78% 3# 18290.0 18312.5 18339.4 18410.3 17082.1 16511.4 15773.5 15290.1 93.40% 90.16% 86.01% 83.05% Spec 5C,CC capacity 80% 5C CC-CV capacity Voltage/V 4.3 4.2 4.1 4 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 Rate Charge Performance 0 3600 20 7200 40 10800 60 14400 80 18000 100 21600 120 SOC/% 1C 2C 3C 5C Time/min. 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Time- SOC Profile 0 3880 20 7760 40 11640 60 15520 80 19400 100 23280 SOC/% 1C 2C 3C 5C

Test Condition : Rate Discharge Performance Cells charged by 1CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA. And then discharged to 3.0V by 1C,2C,3C,5C, 8C in turn. Capacity(mAh) Ratio No. 1C 3C 5C 8C 1C 3C 5C 8C 1# 18489.6 17863.8 17032.1 16922.3 100.00% 96.62% 92.12% 91.52% 2# 18458.7 17867.5 17026.9 16918.4 100.00% 96.80% 92.24% 91.66% 3# 18619.3 17933.5 17443.4 17109.1 100.00% 96.32% 93.68% 91.89% Spec 8C capacity 88% initial capacity 4.3 Rate Discharge Performance 4 Voltage/V 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.5 0 3720 7440 40 11160 14880 80 18600 100 SOC/% 1C 3C 5C 8C

Temperature Discharge Performance Test Condition : Cells Charged by 1CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA at 25±5. Then stored under -20±2 for 24 hrs(or 55±2 for 5 hrs), then discharge by 1CA to 2.5V. No. IMP Voltage Capacity -20 55 (mω) (V) (mah) Capacity(mAh) Ratio Capacity(mAh) Ratio Deformation Broken 1# 0.75 4.177 18295.3 13205.1 72.18% 19220.1 105.05% NO NO 2# 0.76 4.179 18448.6 13189.3 71.49% 19284.5 104.53% NO NO 3# 0.78 4.181 18453.8 13213.5 71.60% 19422.2 105.25% NO NO Spec 70% 95% ND/NB 4.5 Temperature Discharge Performance 4 Voltage/V 3.5 3-20 25 55 2.5 2 0 3500 20 7000 40 10500 60 14000 80 17500 100 SOC/%

HPPC Performance Test Condition : Cells Charged by 1CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA at 25±5. Then measure 5C/10s discharge power at every 10% SOC, rest 1hr between every two pulse. 4500 HPPC Performance Power Density(W/kg) 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1# 2# 3# 1000 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%

Temperature Increment Analysis Test Condition (45 ) : Charge by CC=4C to 4.20V then CV=4.20V to current drop to 0.05C and then discharge by CC=5.0C to 3.0V.

RT Cycle Life Performance(4C/5C) Test Condition : Charge @25 : Charged by 4CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA Rest for 10min. Discharge @25 : Discharged by 5CA to 3.0V. Rest for 10min 10161221-18Ah 25 4C/5C Cycle 110% Percentage 100% 90% 1# 80% 70% Criteria:80% after 2000cycle. 2# 3# 60% 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400

RT Cycle Life Performance(1C/1C) Test Condition : Charge @25 : Charged by 1CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA Rest for 10min. Discharge @25 : Discharged by 1CA to 3.0V. Rest for 10min 110% 10161221-18Ah 25 1C/1C Cycle Percentage 100% 90% 80% 70% Criteria:80% after 2000cycle. 1# 2# 3# 60% 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400

HT Cycle Life Performance Test Condition : Charge @45 : Charged by 1CA to 4.2V while the charging current is taping to 0.05CA Rest for 10min. Discharge @45 : Discharged by 1CA to 3.0V. Rest for 10min 110% 10161221-18Ah 45 1C/1C Cycle Percentage 100% 90% 80% 70% Criteria:80% after 1000cycle. 1# 2# 3# 60% 0 300 600 900 1200 1500

Safety Performance Test Items Sample Size Test After Conclusion Nail penetration 5pcs Passed Heating test (130 /30min.) 5pcs Passed Short-circuit(55 ) 5pcs Passed Overcharge Test(1C/5.0V) 5pcs Passed Crush test 5pcs Passed Impact Test 5pcs Passed

Acknowledge Highpower International: Chen Qiduo, Liu Chan, Yu Lijuan, etc.

Contact Information.Peter Cheng.Email: peter.cheng@highpowertech.com.mobile: +86-13537680342/15922000360.Tel: +86-755-61862699 ext 836.Fax:+86-755-29522241.Web: www.highpowertech.com.nasdaq:hpj