Generating Unit Model Validation Policy approved by WECC BOT WECC Generator Testing Task Force
History
August 10, 1996 WSCC Outage 4600 Observed COI Power (Dittmer Control Center) Real event 4400 4200 4000 4600 Simulated COI Power (initial WSCC base case) Dynamic simulations 4400 4200 4000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Time in Seconds No confidence in dynamic database
Generator Testing 1997: WSCC BOT required all generators greater than 10 MVA be tested for model data validation Modeling and Validation WG and Control WG developed Test Guidelines WECC conducted two Generator Testing Workshops Today about 80% of generators have complied with the original testing requirement
Confidence today Power System Model - grid frequency Malin Frequency, June 14 2004 West Wing event System simulations of June 14, 2004 60.1 60 - COI power COI Power, June 14 2004 West Wing Disturbance 59.9 6000 Frequency [Hz] 59.8 Actual Malin Freq 5500 5000 59.7 4500 59.6 Power [MW] 4000 Actual COI 59.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 3500 Time [sec] 3000 Real event 2500 Simulations 2000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Time [sec]
Periodic Model Validation 1997: WSCC required periodic re-testing every 5 years A few generator owners have proceeded with the re-testing 2004: A letter from PCC and OC reiterate the need for testing, and informs about the GTTF effort of reviewing and possibly updating generator testing requirements, in anticipation of members undertaking the 5-year retesting required by NERC.
Generator Testing Task Force Objectives Ensure and maintain the quality of the data used in power system studies Reduce direct costs and risks of testing to generator owners
WECC Generator Testing Policy Responds to emerging NERC Standards Continues a program that has: Greatly improved quality and credibility of system studies Shown that costs are reasonable and controllable Shown that risks are minimal and controllable Has demonstrated substantial secondary benefits
Timeline Posted for comments March 8-May 8, 2005 Re-posted for comments with technical guides September 30-November 30, 2005 Presented to PCC and OC on March 3, 2006 Approved by PCC and OC in June 2006 Implementation plan approved in November 2006
Generating Unit Model Validation Policy
Generating Unit Model Validation Policy Applies to all generators synchronous and induction Single Generator > 10 MVA or Generating Facility > 20 MVA Connected to WECC transmission at 60-kV and higher
Generator Owner Responsibilities Generating Facility Data Baseline Generator Testing Periodic Model Validation
Generating Facility Data The data requirements are in line with interconnection agreements: Principal one-line diagram Synchronous machine parameters Excitation data (exciter, voltage regulator, PSS) Reactive capabilities Turbine-Governor Data Transformer/line data
Baseline Generator Testing Perform baseline testing and validation by simulations in PSLF or PSS/E a) If not certified by WECC since 1997 b) Within 180 days after the new Generating Facility is released for Commercial Operation c) Within 180 days after the existing Generating Facility restarts Commercial Operation with modified equipment d) Within 180 days after the Generator Owner is notified by WECC that the modeled response does not match observed behavior
Baseline Generator Testing Examples of (d) Real event Simulations
Baseline Generator Testing Examples of (d) Real Power -670 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 400 Reactive Power -690 350 P (MW) -710-730 38MW Q (MVar) 300 250-750 -770 55MW 200-790 t (s) P4_ref P4_sim 150 Q4_ref Q4_sim 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 t (s) Real event Simulations
Model Performance Validation Instead of full re-testing, Generator owner will perform model data validation at least every 5 years. Performance Validation can be done by: Performance tests (reduced scope as compared with the baseline tests) On-line monitoring and validation
Model Performance Validation Validate excitation response disturbance monitoring or voltage step tests or frequency scans Validate governor response from observed behavior as implemented by WECC Governor Modeling Task Force
Generator Response Validation BPA Project - 2000 GE PSLF Simulations Inject Recorded Voltage and Frequency Compare Recorded and Simulated Power: MW and MVAR ~ Disturbance playback is a standard feature in PSLF-14
Disturbance Monitoring BPA Control Area Generating Capacity 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1996: 1 plant 2006: 15 plants
Disturbance Monitoring The Dalles Original Model
Disturbance Monitoring The Dalles Revised Model Revised turbine-governor model structure to represent Kaplan turbines
Disturbance Monitoring Grand Coulee Good Model
Disturbance Monitoring Centralia Good Model - real power - reactive power -Recording -Simulations
Disturbance Monitoring Benefits Improved modeling Early detection of operational problems Generation performance monitoring
Relation to NERC Standards MOD-025 Verification of Generator Gross and Net Reactive Power Capability ( static test) MOD-026 Verification and modeling of Generator Excitation Systems and Voltage Controls - (under field test by NERC, expect completion by 2008) MOD-027 Verification and Status of Generator Frequency Response (under field test by NERC)
Relation to NERC Standards WECC NERC Data Requirements Reference Model Data Standardized Baseline Test Required, but not standardized None Periodic Model Validation Reactive Limit Verification Specific guidelines for test and re-validation MOD-026, -027 in field tests MOD-025 approved