Welcome to Norway the World s EV capital

Welcome to Norway the World s EV capital

Program Introduction Petter Haugneland, Norwegian EV Association Perspectives on Norway s Supercharged Electric Vehicle Policy Erik Figenbaum, Institute of transport economics Carrot and whip How does Norway do it? Sveinung Kvalø, Cowi The bumpy road towards better charging infrastructure Erik Lorentzen, Norwegian EV Association How did the car dealers cope, and who are the customers? Anita Svanes, Volkswagen and Marina Maneas Bakkum, Nissan Electric London Taxis in Oslo? Phil Henrick, LEVC, formerly known as the London Taxi Company TU TALK; live podcast Jan Moberg, CEO, Teknisk Ukeblad Media and Odd Richard Valmot, Journalist, Teknisk Ukeblad Media

Norwegian market shares BEVs and PHEVs 25% 20% 21% 15% 18% 10% 5% 0% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 BEV PHEV Europe Source: OFV

Top selling BEV models 2017 VW e-golf BMW i3 Tesla Model X Tesla Model S Nissan LEAF Renault ZOE Hyundai IONIQ Mercedes-Benz B-Klasse Opel Ampera-e VW e-up Kia Soul - 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 Source: Ofv.no

Over 200,000 EVs in Norway! 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000-2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 BEV PHEV Source: OFV and NPRA

Norway s 2025-goal National Transport Plan for 2018 2029: The Government has established targets for new zero-emission vehicles. All new passenger cars and light vans sold in 2025 shall be zero-emission vehicles. All new urban buses sold in 2025 shall be zero emitters or use biogas.

Erik Figenbaum Institute of transport economics Perspectives on Norway s Supercharged Electric Vehicle Policy

Perspectives on Norway s supercharged electric vehicle policy Nordic EV Summit Oslo/Himkok 31.01.2018 Erik Figenbaum, Chief Research Engineer Institute of Transport Economics, Norway

Market shares by technology Fleet at end of 2017 139 474 (5.1%) BEVs 67 577 (2.5%) PHEVs Page

Landscapes Multi-level perspective (Geels) Theoretical concept GLOBAL LANDSCAPE Disturbances/Pressure Niches Regime REGIME NICHE MARKETS New technology regime Window of opportunity Time Page

Niches Regime Landscapes A multi-level perspective on BEVs in Norway Global autoindustry, climate policies, oil industry, energy prices, EU policies etc. GLOBAL LANDSCAPE Policies, incentives Control of which vehicles are attractive to import/sell/buy ICEV REGIME Established actors (importers, dealers etc. and driving practices NATIONAL GOVERNANCE REGIME New actors developing and testing new technologies/practices NICHE MARKETS Time Page

Niches Regime Landscapes A multi-level perspective on BEVs in Norway Upstarts develop BEVs Autoindustry BEVs for ZEV Switzerland Solar cars California ZEV mandate Registration tax exemption Ni-Cd battery French BEVs Toll road exemption Free parking Ford US need BEV VAT exemp -tion GLOBAL LANDSCAPE NATIONAL GOVERNANCE ICEV REGIME REGIME First BEV imported Kewet imports Think/Pivco industrialization Testing, industrial development, reduce local pollution Think Ford buy bankrupt Think. BEV production start Fleet users Toll road users 1990 1995 2000 100 BEVs 500 BEVs NICHE MARKETS Time Source: Adapted from: Figenbaum, E. Perspectives on Norway s supercharged electric vehicle policy, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 17. nov. 2016, Page http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2016.11.002

Niches Regime Landscapes A multi-level perspective on BEVs in Norway California ZEV mandate relaxed Other countries abandon BEVS Bus-lane test Oslo area National bus-lane access Climate policy focus Climate policy focus Financial crisis, BEV funding Reduced price ferries Chargers support GLOBAL LANDSCAPE NATIONAL GOVERNANCE ICEV REGIME REGIME Ford/ Think BEV production Fleet users Ford sell Think Think bankrupt Kewet prod. Think restart Second hand import Buslane users Toll road users Think 2. gen 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 600 BEVs 1100 BEVs 1300 BEVs 1900 BEVs 2800 BEVs NICHE MARKETS Time Source: Adapted from: Figenbaum, E. Perspectives on Norway s supercharged electric vehicle policy, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 17. nov. 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2016.11.002 Page

Niches Regime Landscapes A multi-level perspective on BEVs in Norway Nissan Leaf Mitsubishi Peugeot, Citroën Renault ZOE Global BEV focus BEVs from VW, BMW Tesla Model-S BEVs from Kia, Hyundai, Mercedes Tesla superchargers Longer range BEVs GLOBAL LANDSCAPE Fast chargers Transnova Fast charger corridors, Enova NATIONAL GOVERNANCE First BEVs imported ICEV REGIME More Importers sell BEVs More Importers sell BEVs Emerging BEV regime REGIME BEV/ICEV Single vehicle/bev only cost parity households Multi vehicle households Fleets Buslane users Toll road users 2010 2011 2013 2015 2017 5400 BEVs 20000 BEVs 69000 BEVs 140000 BEVs NICHE MARKETS Time Source: Adapted from: Figenbaum, E. Perspectives on Norway s supercharged electric vehicle policy, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 17. nov. 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2016.11.002 Page

Landscapes Niches Regime TIME A multi-level perspective on BEVs in Norway GLOBAL LANDSCAPE Developed enabling technologies+vehicles NATIONAL GOVERNANCE Stable policies Strong incentives. NORWEGIAN ICEV REGIME Weak, no vehicle production ICEV-actors grabbing opportunity NICHE MARKETS Bottom-up experimentation Establishment of mass market 1990 2000 2005 2010 2016 27 year time span Time Source: Adapted from: Figenbaum, E. Perspectives on Norway s supercharged electric vehicle policy, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 17. nov. 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2016.11.002 Page

Household ICEV ownership peaked in 2014 Page

There was no master plan.but it worked More information: efi@toi.no www.toi.no www.mozees.no Page

Sveinung Kvalø Cowi Carrot and whip How does Norway do it?

Norwegian EV policies Sveinung André Kvalø Senior adviser e-mobility, COWI

jan.09 apr.09 jul.09 okt.09 jan.10 apr.10 jul.10 okt.10 jan.11 apr.11 jul.11 okt.11 jan.12 apr.12 jul.12 okt.12 jan.13 apr.13 jul.13 okt.13 jan.14 apr.14 jul.14 okt.14 jan.15 apr.15 jul.15 okt.15 jan.16 apr.16 jul.16 okt.16 jan.17 apr.17 jul.17 okt.17 World leading market share for EVs 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Zero emission Plug-in hybrid

200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 0 Kewet (Buddy) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Zero registration tax Pivco (Think) Zero toll Sources: OFV, Elbil på norsk (2013) Free parking POLICY DEVELOPMENT Zero VAT Volvo V60 Toyota Prius Opel Ampera /Chevrolet Volt Access to bus lanes Mitsubishi I-Miev Peugeot Ion Citroen C-Zero Nissan Leaf Tesla Model X Hyundai IONIQ Mercedes Benz GLC BMW 3-series Audi Q7 BMW 7-series Kia Optima Mercedes Benz E VW e-golf Renault Zoe BMW i8 Audi A3 Tesla S BMW i3 VW e-up! Ford Focus Mitsubishi Outlander Mercedes Benz B SmartForTwo Volkswagen Golf Volkswagen Passat BMW X5 BMW 2-series Mercedes Benz C Volvo XC90 Mercedes Benz GLE BMW i3 PHEV Mercedes Benz S CARS FOR SALE Opel Ampera-e /Chevrolet Bolt SmartForFour BMW 5-series MINI Countryman Hyundai IONIQ Volvo V90 Volvo XC60 Kia Niro Volvo S90

The Registration Tax (or The Think Twice Tax) Examples: Volkswagen e-golf 115hp Volkswagen Golf 1,2 TSI 110hp Comfortline Volvo XC60 T6 Momentum R- design aut (3000 ccm, gasoline) Price before taxes: Registration tax: Value added tax: Price including taxes: 33 200 USD 0 USD 0 USD 33 200 USD 24 000 USD 7 600 USD 6 000 USD 37 600 USD 43 600 USD 73 800 USD 10 900 USD 128 300 USD

Type approval vs. actual emissions CO₂-emissions, new cars (grams CO₂/km) Norway Source: Norwegian state budget 2018 Source: International Council on Clean Transportation

New sales per month A closer look at Volkswagen Golf's sales in Norway 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 jan.11 jan.12 jan.13 jan.14 jan.15 jan.16 jan.17 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Diesel Gasoline Plug-in hybrid Battery electric

Thank you! Sveinung André Kvalø Senior adviser e-mobility, COWI SAKE@cowi.com +47 991 12 001 COWINorge cowinorge

Erik Lorentzen Norwegian EV Association The bumpy road towards better charging infrastructure

The bumpy road towards better charging infrastructure Erik Lorentzen, Head of Analysis and Consultancy Norwegian EV Association erik@elbil.no www.elbil.no

Normal Fast

How often do you charge At fast charging stations At public charging stations At work At home (flat/shared garage) At home (detached) Source: Norwegian EV owner survey 2017 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% Daily Weekly Monthly Never

2015: A national plan Public tenders for national fast charging network Every 50 km on main roads Finished by end of 2017

Challenges Access to charging at home Reliable equipment And

Next step: Larger and faster Photo: Line K. Bergsjøbrenden

Pricing and payment systems Handfull operators with different payment systems Payment by RFID tags, SMS, mobile phone apps EV Association distributes universal RFID tag to members Pay per the minute

Charging to sum it up Home charging is the backbone Initial support crucial Volume means business Large scale next elbil.no

Photo: Geirangerfjorden Feriesenter as

Nordic EV Summit in Oslo 1. 2. February 2018: www.nordicevs.no Will the grid collapse? Large scale fast charging Smart charging systems in large charging networks

Anita Svanes Marina Maneas Bakkum Møller/Volkswagen Nissan

Phil Henrick LEVC, formerly known as the London Taxi Company Electric London Taxis in Oslo?

TU TALK; live podcast Jan Moberg, CEO, Teknisk Ukeblad Media and Odd Richard Valmot, Journalist, Teknisk Ukeblad Media