1 NERC PRC-005-2 and Its Impact on Stationary Batteries in Substations and Power Generation Plants Chris Searles BAE Batteries USA NERC SDT PRC-005-2 Task Force Chair IEEE Stationary Battery Committee
NERC PRC-005-2 and Its Impact on Stationary Batteries in Substations and Power Generation Plants Chris Searles Chair of Task Force IEEE Stationary Battery Committee Interact w/ NERC SDT for PRC-005-2 National Director of Business Development BAE Batteries USA Chris Searles BAE Batteries USA
A Few Questions that Form the Backdrop for this Presentation Why the seemingly sudden interest in NERC PRC-005-2 within the Electric Utility Industry? Why the inclusion of stationary batteries in the NERC PRC-005-2 Standard? How broad is the scope of NERC PRC-005-2? And, what does it mean?
A Bit of Background First, What is the Mission (or Goal) of NERC? To ensure the reliability of the North American (USA & Canada) bulk power system. Second, What are the Means for Accomplishing this Goal? Hold entities accountable for compliance with mandatory Reliability standards Act as a catalyst for positive change within the industry
Please Define Reliability NERC defines reliability as ensuring that the Bulk Electric System [BES] or Bulk Power System [BPS] is able to meet the electricity needs of all end-user customers, even when unexpected equipment failures reduce the amount of available electricity.
Who Makes up NERC? NERC states that membership is open to all entities interested in the Bulk Power System However, there are 12 or 14 membership categories depending on your breakdown: Investor Owned Utility State or Municipal Utility Cooperative Utility Federal or Provincial Utility Power Marketing Administrator Transmission dependent Utility Merchant Electricity Generator Electricity Marketer Large End-User Electricity Customer Small End-User Electricity Customer Independent System Operator Regional Transmission Organization Regional entity Government Representative
But what about the Regional Service Contractors? Eight (8) Regions have been established to ensure Implementation of the NERC Standards throughout the United States: 1. NPCC Northeast Power Coordinating Council 2. RFC-Reliability First Corporation 3. SERC-Southeastern Reliability Corporation 4. FRCC-Florida Reliability Coordinating Council 5. TRE-Texas Reliability Entity [aka ERCOT] 6. SPP-Southwest Power Pool 7. MRO-Midwest Reliability Organization 8. WECC-Western Electricity Coordinating Council
MRO-Midwest Reliability Organization NPCC-Northeast Power Coordinating Council RFC-Reliability First Corporation WECC- Western Electricity Coordinating Council SPP-Southwest Power Pool TRE-Texas Reliability Entity [ERCOT] SERC-Southeastern Reliability Corporation FRCC-Florida Reliability Coordinating Council
A Quick Chronology Date or Year 1965 (Nov 9) First Northeast Blackout Event 1968 NERC established by the Electric Utility Industry known as the National Electric Reliability Council 2002 NERC Operating Policy and Planning Standards become mandatory (and enforceable) in Ontario, Canada 2003 (Aug 14) The Historic Blackout that took out the whole Northeast and Ontario
A Quick Chronology (2) Date or Year Event 2005 The US Energy Policy Act of 2005 [Electric Modernization Act of 2005] creates the Electric Reliability Organization [known as the ERO] Mandated that all users, owners and operators of the bulk-power system would be authorized to approve reliability standards All users, owners and operators would be legally compelled to comply with all reliability standards 2006 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) certifies NERC as the ERO for the US; Signs MOU s w/ some Canadian Provinces
Date or Year A Quick Chronology (3) Event 2007 North American Electric Reliability Council became the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (still NERC) 2007 (July 19) Federal Electric Reliability Corporation issued Order 693 approving 83 of 107 proposed Reliability Standards PRC-005 is one of the 83 approved standards A Glossary of Terms is also approved to define reliability in the context of the approved standards NERC is required to submit significant improvements in 56 of the approved 83, with PRC-005 being one of them FERC also mandates that PRC-008, PRC-011 and PRC-017 be combined into PRC-005
Now to the Historic Moment of August 14, 2003 4:10pm EDT
North America experienced its worst blackout ever, as 50 million people lost power in the Northeastern and Midwestern U.S. as well as Ontario, Canada.
Continuing the Chronology History of PRC-005-2 Date or Year Event 2007 (June) NERC Standards Committee (SC) approves a Standard Authorization Request (SAR) for PRC-005-2 as drafted by the NERC System Protection and Control Task Force (SPCTF) 2007 (November) The SPCTF begins development of a proposed PRC-005-2 standard 2009 (July) The first posting for comments on the proposed PRC-005-2 standard 2010 (July) 2 nd posting of a revised PRC-005-2 was made; Received a 22.91% approval rating
Date or Year A Quick Chronology History of PRC-005-2 (2) Event 2010 (July) Also 1 st posting of the definition of Protection System for comment and ballot; Received only 39.35% approval 2010 (August) 2 nd posting of the definition of Protection System for comment and ballot 2010 (November) Final posting of Recirculation Ballot for definition of Protection System - This time received 86.83% approval and became the official definition Thru 2011 (June) The Task Force (SPCTF) then went to work on revising PRC-005-2 [also categorized as Project 2007-27] 2 more postings and a Recirculation Ballot in June 2011 failed to reach ballot pool approval
A Quick Chronology History of PRC-005-2 (3) Date or Year 2011 (September) Event New members were added to the Drafting Team under authorization from NERC to re-initiate the Project 2011 Attempt made to revise PRC-005-2; Posting Failed 2012 (January) The IEEE Stationary Battery Committee registered alarm at many of the implications contained in the revised PRC-005-2 as it pertained to batteries Formed a special Task Force to review the document Several members of the SBC TF attended the SPCTF meeting in Ft Worth in March
A Quick Chronology History of PRC-005-2 (5) Date or Year Event 2012 (March) Draft 2 of the Standard was submitted for comment and ballot Some modifications were made to the Standard itself, which, while not meeting all the SBC objectives, nevertheless, made one improvement that allowed the SBC TF to accept the Standard. Changes were recommended for the Supplemental Guide and FAQ that would help clarify certain concerns still existing w/i the Standard and Guide The Chair of the SBC NERC Task Force along w/ the Chairman and the Secretary of the SBC agreed to continue working w/ the SPCTF to finalize revisions to the FAQ
A Quick Chronology History of PRC-005-2 Date or Year 2012 (June) The SPCTF met in Miami FL Event The Standard was revised to address certain comments from the Balloters and Functional Entities with respect to Communication Channel issues This afforded the opportunity to make significant revisions/clarifications in the Supplemental Guide and FAQ which were approved by the Protection Control Standards Task Force and incorporated into the documents that went out as Draft 3 for comment and approval
A Quick Chronology History of PRC-005-2 Date or Year Event 2012 (August) Draft 4 of the Standard along with the Supplemental Guide and FAQ posted on the NERC website for comment and ballot 2012 (September) The SPCTF met one more time in Atlanta Standard and Supplemental Guide & FAQ received an 80.31% approval rating To finalize response to comments and implement any minor changes Submit the approved Standard and SG & FAQ to NERC for review and approval before submitting to FERC for approval and issuance
Current Status of PRC-005-2 (-3 & -4) Date or Year Nov 7, 2012 Dec 19, 2013 Dec 24, 2013 Feb 24, 2014 Event NERC Board of Directors approved the Draft and submitted to FERC for their approval FERC Approval and Issue of Order No 793 Published in the Federal Register PRC-005-2 (Order no. 793) Effective Date (60 days from Publication in the FR) Current PRC-005-3 (Automatic Reclosing Relays) filed w/ FERC on Feb 14, 2014 PRC-005-4 (Sudden Pressure Relays) submitted to NERC in April 2014 Note: This is in direct response to a FERC directives in Order No. 758 ( 16-27)
PRC-005-2 R3/R4 Implementation Timelines Max. Maintenance Interval % Compliant By Less than 1 year 100% Oct. 1, 2015 (1D/1Q 18 mo. following regulatory approval) 1 2 calendar years 100% Apr. 1, 2017 (1D/1Q 36 mo. following regulatory approval) 3 calendar years 30% Apr. 1, 2016 (1D/1Q 24 mo. following regulatory approval) 1 3 calendar years 60% Apr. 1, 2017 (1D/1Q 36 mo. following regulatory approval) 3 calendar years 100% Apr. 1, 2018 (1D/1Q 48 mo. following regulatory approval) 6 calendar years 30% Apr. 1, 2017 (1D/1Q 36 mo. following regulatory approval) 2 6 calendar years 60% Apr. 1, 2019 (1D/1Q 60 mo. following regulatory approval) 6 calendar years 100% Apr. 1, 2021 (1D/1Q 84 mo. following regulatory approval) 12 calendar years 30% Apr. 1, 2019 (1D/1Q 60 mo. following regulatory approval) 12 calendar years 60% Apr. 1, 2023 (1D/1Q 108 mo. following regulatory approval) 12 calendar years 100% Apr. 1, 2027 (1D/1Q 156 mo. following regulatory approval)
What is Covered Under PRC-005-2? Protective relays which respond to electrical quantities
What is Covered Under PRC-005-2? Associated communication systems necessary for correct operation of protective functions
What is Covered Under PRC-005-2? Voltage and current sensing devices providing inputs to protective relays
What is Covered Under PRC-005-2? Station dc supply associated with protective functions (including station batteries),... The Good The Bad The Ugly
What is Covered Under PRC-005-2? Station dc supply associated with protective functions (including station batteries, battery chargers, and non-batterybased dc supply)
What is Covered Under PRC-005-2? Control circuitry associated with protective functions through the trip coil(s) of the circuit breakers or other interrupting devices
What is the Current Status of the PRC 005 Standard? PRC 005-3 Adds Automatic Reclosing to the Standard Filed with FERC on February 14, 2014 PRC 005-X Adding Sudden Pressure Relays SDT Meeting in Ft. Worth July 8 th May issue an informative report w/ FERC and look to establish a formal revision.
What Are the Consequences of Non Compliance? Compliance monitoring assess, investigate, evaluate, and audit to measure compliance with NERC standards. Compliance enforcement penalties and sanctions (could be up to $1,000,000 per day); penalties based on Violation Risk Factors, Violation Severity Levels, and Violation History. Mitigation Entities found in violation of any standard must submit a mitigation plan for approval by NERC and must execute this plan as submitted
So What s my Obligation? Requirement R1: Each Owner shall establish a Protection System Maintenance Program (PSMP) for its Protection Systems identified in Section 4.2 (detecting faults on BES, under-frequency load-shedding, undervoltage load-shedding, Special Protection System, trip generator directly or via lockout or auxiliary relay, generator step-up transformer, transformers for aggregated generation, and generator station service transformer).
What Is the Distinction with Station Batteries? The Implications are articulated in Requirements R1, 1.1: 1.1 Identify which maintenance method (timebased, performance-based or a combination) is used to address each Protection System Component Type. All batteries associated with the station dc supply Component Type of a Protection System shall be included in a time-based program as described in Table 1-4 and Table 3.
Why Is Time-based Maintenance my Only Option? Requirement R3 Each Owner that utilizes time-based maintenance program(s) shall maintain its Protection System Components that are included within the time-based maintenance program in accordance with the minimum maintenance activities and maximum maintenance intervals prescribed within Tables 1-1 through 1-5, Table 2, and Table 3.
What Does PRC-005-2 Say We Must Do? Tables 1-4(a) thru 1-4(f) specifically address requirements for batteries (dc power supply): Table Table 1-4(a) Table 1-4(b) Table 1-4(c) Table 1-4(d) Table 1-4(e) Table 1-4(f) Component Type Vented Lead-Acid (VLA) Batteries Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cad) Batteries Non Battery Based Energy Storage (e.g. NAS, flywheel, etc.) Non-BES Interrupting Devices (see Note) Exclusions if using Station dc Supply Monitoring Devices Note: Tables 1-4(e) needs to be subject of a separate discussion, and is not the initial primary concern of the SBC NERC TF.
What Must I Do w/ VLA s? Tables 1-4(a) addresses requirements for VLA batteries: Table 4 Calendar Months 18 Calendar Months Component Type Verify Station dc supply voltage Inspect Electrolyte level Check for unintentional grounds Verify: Float voltage of the battery charger Battery continuity of all cells Battery terminal connection resistance Battery intercell or unit/unit connection resistance Inspect: Condition of all cells where visible; measure internal ohmic values of all cells where not visible Inspect physical condition of battery rack
What Must I Do w/ VLA s? Tables 1-4(a) addresses requirements for VLA batteries: Table 18 Calendar Months 6 Calendar Years Component Type Verify that the station battery can perform as manufactured by evaluating the cell/unit measurements indicative of battery performance (e.g. internal ohmic values or float current) against the station battery baseline. [or] Verify that the station battery can perform as manufactured by conducting a performance or modified performance capacity test of the entire battery bank.
What Must I Do w/ VRLA s? Tables 1-4(b) addresses requirements for VRLA batteries: Table 4 Calendar Months 6 Calendar Months 18 Calendar Months Component Type Verify Station dc supply voltage Check for unintentional grounds Inspect condition of all individual units by measuring battery cell/unit internal ohmic values Verify: Float voltage of the battery charger Battery continuity of all cells Battery teminal connection resistance Battery intercell or unit/unit connection resistance Inspect: Physical condition of battery rack
What Must I Do w/ VRLA s? Tables 1-4(b) addresses requirements for VRLA batteries: Table 6 Calendar Months 3 Calendar Years Component Type Verify that the station battery can perform as manufactured by evaluating the cell/unit measurements indicative of battery performance (e.g. internal ohmic values or float current) against the station battery baseline. [or] Verify that the station battery can perform as manufactured by conducting a performance or modified performance capacity test of the entire battery bank.
What Must I Do w/ Ni-Cd s? Tables 1-4(c) addresses requirements for Ni-Cd batteries: Table 4 Calendar Months 18 Calendar Months Component Type Verify Station dc supply voltage Inspect Electrolyte level Check for unintentional grounds Verify: Float voltage of the battery charger Battery continuity of all cells Battery terminal connection resistance Battery intercell or unit/unit connection resistance Inspect: Condition of all cells Physical condition of battery rack
What Must I Do w/ Ni-Cd s? Tables 1-4(c) addresses requirements for Ni-Cd batteries: Table 6 Calendar Years Component Type Verify that the station battery can perform as manufactured by conducting a performance or modified performance capacity test of the entire battery bank.
Summary Charts 4 Calendar Months VLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required Verify Station dc Supply Voltage N/R Inspect Electrolyte Level Check for Unintentional Grounds
Summary Charts 6 Calendar Months VLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required Inspect Condition of all Individual Units by Measuring Battery cell/unit internal ohmic Values Verify that the Station Battery can Perform as Manufactured by evaluating the Cell/Unit Measurements Indicative of Battery Performance (Option) No specific actions required via the Standard [See IEEE 450 and IEEE 1106 for Guidelines]
Summary Charts 18 Calendar Months VLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required Verify Float Voltage of the Battery Charger Verify Continuity of all Cells Verify Terminal Connection Resistance Verify Intercell or Unit/Unit Connection Resistance Inspect Physical Condition of Battery Rack
Summary Charts 18 Calendar Months VLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required N/A Verify that the Station Battery can Perform as Manufactured by evaluating the Cell/Unit Measurements Indicative of Battery Performance (Option)
Summary Charts 3 Calendar Years VLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required N/R N/R Verify that the Station Battery can Perform as Manufactured by Conducting a Performance or Modified Performance Capacity Test of the Entire Battery Bank (Recommended Option (See NERC-PRC-005-2 FAQ & Supplemental Guide)
Summary Charts 6 Calendar Years VLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required Verify that the Station Battery can Perform as Manufactured by Conducting a Performance or Modified Performance Capacity Test of the Entire Battery Bank (Recommended Option (See NERC-PRC-005-2 FAQ & Supplemental Guide) Verify that the Station Battery can Perform as Manufactured by Conducting a Performance or Modified Performance Capacity Test of the Entire Battery Bank (NOT AN OPTION; IS REQUIREMENT)
What About Table 1-4(f)? Tables 1-4(f) addresses dc Supply Monitoring Devices: Table If Station dc Supply can Monitor & Alarm: High and low voltage Overvoltage & charger failure No Periodic Maintenance Specified Electrolyte level (every cell) Unintentional dc grounds Charger w/ fail-safe to ensure correct float voltage Complete battery continuity
What About Table 1-4(f)? Tables 1-4(f) addresses dc Supply Monitoring Devices: Table No Periodic Maintenance Specified If Station dc Supply can Monitor & Alarm: Intercell and terminal connection detail resistance of the entire battery VLA and VRLA internal ohmic value measurements against an accepted baseline with evaluation capability VLA and VRLA alarming for each cell/unit internal ohmic measurement values [see Table 2] Note: Monitoring of one or more elements does not obviate the need for the other elements per the requirements of the Tables.
Summary & Conclusion 1. NERC PRC-005-2 is now a required standard for all functional entities. 2. This standard will force all functional entities who fall under the NERC umbrella to adopt a Protection System Maintenance Program (PSMP) if they don t already have one: 1) Enforces a minimum requirement to a maximum time interval 2) Applies to the Protection and Control system only within the BPS/BES 3. Audits are part of the process, and fines will be assessed for noncompliance.
Summary & Conclusion 4. The Supplemental Guide and FAQ encourages complete battery maintenance procedures in accordance with IEEE 450/1188/1106 serving as excellent guidelines for most reliable service. 5. The functional entity must define its meaning of true battery reliability. Note: Reliability may not necessarily equate to capacity as it relates to this standard. 6. Ohmic measurements are not a true source for measuring battery string capacity until more data substantiates the correlation.
Summary & Conclusion 7. Each user must assess his/her own risk management tolerance and understand the consequences of failure if he/she does not perform capacity testing at all. 8. Four Options: 1) Ohmic Measurement Test every 6 or 18 monthsthat should lead to Condition Based Capacity Testing on a demand basis determined by careful analysis 2) Capacity Test every 3 or 6 years (or) 3) Automatic Replacement at shortened intervals 4) Ignore or Modify the first 3 Options at the entity s peril
52 Acknowledgements Recognition & Appreciation is given to the following individuals for providing permission to show this basic information and material, making this presentation possible: Sam Francis Senior Electrical Engineer & Chairman of Battery Selection Committee Oncor Electric Delivery Ft Worth TX Ed Dobrowolski and Al McMeekin Standards Development Advisors NERC Atlanta GA