Improving Life Through Science nd Technology Lubbock-Pecos-Hlfwy Helm Reserch Frm Summry Report 2016 Technicl Report 17-3 Texs AgriLife Reserch / Crig Nessler, Director The Texs A&M University System / College Sttion, Texs
Tble of Contents Reserch Prticipnts 3 Introduction 4 Grin Sorghum Irrigtion Timing Using Subsurfce Drip Irrigtion (SDI) (Field 2) 5 Jmes Bordovsky, Joe Mustin, Scott Jordn, nd Csey Hrdin Grin Sorghum Response to Pre-plnt nd Erly Seson Irrigtion Amounts with SDI (Field 3) Jmes Bordovsky, Joe Mustin, Scott Jordn, nd Csey Hrdin Verticillium wilt of Cotton s Affected by Crop Rottion, Tillge, Irrigtion Rte, nd Replnting (Field 5bdf) Terry Wheeler, Jmes Grnt, nd Cecil Hrlson Comprison of LEPA nd Mobile Drip Irrigtion (MDI) Appliction Methods (Field 5) Jmes Bordovsky, Joe Mustin, nd Scott Jordn 6 7 9 Continuous Cotton Response to Tillge nd Irrigtion Level (Field 5) 10 Jmes Bordovsky, Wyne Keeling, Terry Wheeler, Ktie Lewis, Csey Hrdin, nd Joe Mustin Cotton Response to Tillge nd Irrigtion Levels in Cotton-Whet Rottion (Field 5b) Jmes Bordovsky, Wyne Keeling, Terry Wheeler, Ktie Lewis, Csey Hrdin, nd Joe Mustin Cotton Plnted into Terminted Whet Response to Tillge nd Irrigtion Levels (Field 5d) Jmes Bordovsky, Wyne Keeling, Terry Wheeler, Ktie Lewis, Csey Hrdin, nd Joe Mustin Comprison of Multi-sensor Cpcitnce nd TDR Soil Wter Mesurement Methods (Field 5) Scott Jordn, Jmes Bordovsky, Joe Mustin, nd Dn Porter 11 12 13 Grin Sorghum Following Cotton Response to Tillge nd Irrigtion Levels (Field 5e) 14 Jmes Bordovsky, Wyne Keeling, Terry Wheeler, Ktie Lewis, Csey Hrdin, nd Joe Mustin Effects of Crop Rottion, Tillge, nd Irrigtion on Soil Orgnic Mtter (Field 5bcd) 15 Ktie Lewis, Joseph Burke, Dustin Kelley, nd Jmes Bordovsky
Cotton Response to Tillge nd Irrigtion Levels in Two-Yer Cotton-Grin Sorghum Rottion (Field 5f) Jmes Bordovsky, Wyne Keeling, Terry Wheeler, Ktie Lewis, Csey Hrdin, nd Joe Mustin Compny Sponsored Field Tril of Experimentl Aphid Mteril on Sugrcne Aphid Popultions in Texs High Plins Grin Sorghum (Field 6) Blyne Reed Sugrcne Aphid Popultion Distribution of Grin Sorghum by Irrigtion Amount nd Tillge Type (Field 5e) Blyne Reed, Pt Porter, Ktelyn Kesheimer, Jim Bordovsky Impct of Surfctnt Type on Sugrcne Aphid Product Efficcy nd Other Possible Tretment Options (Field 6) Blyne Reed, Russ Perkins, nd Crig Sndoski Preliminry Efforts to Determine the Impct of Sugrcne Aphid Dmge to Sorghum-Type Hy for Cttle Feed (Field 6 nd AgriLife Center Lubbock) Pt Porter, Blyne Reed, Ktelyn Kesheimer, Sorghum Checkoff Performnce of FiberMx nd Stoneville Vrieties s Affected by Irrigtion Levels (Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Hlfwy) Wyne Keeling, Justin Sprdley, nd Ry White Effect of Notrogen Fertilizer on Cotton Flehopper Dmge Potentil nd Crop Response To Injury M.N. Prjulee, A. Hkeem, S.D. Coyle, S.C. Crroll, nd J.P. Bordovsky 16 17 1 20 21 22 23 Appendix 24 Hlfwy nd Helms Rinfll nd Irrigtion Amounts 25 Officil Log of Opertions 33
Texs AgriLife Reserch - Texs AgriLife Extension Lubbock / Hlfwy Reserch Prticipnts Nme Specilty Assocition E-mil Address Jroy Moore Resident Director AgriLife Reserch j-moore@tmu.edu Jmes Bordovsky Ag. Engineering-Irrigtion AgriLife Reserch j-bordovsky@tmu.edu Stnley Crroll Cotton Entomology AgriLife Reserch scrroll@g.tmu.edu S.D. Coyle Cotton Entomology AgriLife Reserch sen.coyle@g.tmu.edu Csey Hrdin Reserch Assistnt AgriLife Reserch-Hlfwy cwhrdin@g.tmu.edu Jmes Grnt Plnt Pthology AgriLife Reserch jmes.grnt@g.tmu.edu Abdul Hkeem Cotton Entomology AgriLife Reserch bdul.hkeem@g.tmu.edu Cecil Hrlson Plnt Pthology AgriLife Reserch cecil.hrlson@g.tmu.edu Scott Jordn Ag. Engineering-Irrigtion AgriLife Reserch scott.jordn@g.tmu.edu Wyne Keeling Agronomy-Weed Science AgriLife Reserch w-keeling@tmu.edu Ktelyn Kesheimer Integrted Pest Mngement AgriLife Extension ktelyn.kesheimer@g.tmu.edu Ktie Lewis Soil Chemistry nd Fertility AgriLife Reserch ktie.lewis@g.tmu.edu Joe Mustin Ag. Engineering-Irrigtion AgriLife Reserch-Hlfwy jmustin@tmu.edu Megh Prjulee Cotton Entomology AgriLife Reserch mprjul@g.tmu.edu Russ Perkins Byer CropScience russ.perkins@byer.com Dn Porter Ag. Engineering-Irrigtion AgriLife Extension dporter@g.tmu.edu Pt Porter Entomology AgriLife Extension pt.porter@g.tmu.edu Blyne Reed Integrted Pest Mngement AgriLife Extension blyne.reed@g.tmu.edu Crig Sndoski Gown Compny csndoski@gownco.com Justin Sprdley Agronomy Extension- Asst. AgriLife Reserch jlsprdley@g.tmu.edu Terry Wheeler Plnt Pthology AgriLife Reserch twheeler@g.tmu.edu Ry White Soil Chemistry nd Fertility AgriLife Reserch ry.white@g.tmu.edu 3
Introduction The Texs A&M University System purchsed 373 cres of frmlnd from the estte of Ardell Helm in December, 1999, for the sole purpose of conducting lrge scle reserch nd extension progrms to enhnce producer profitbility nd sustinbility in n irrigted environment. The frm is locted 2 miles south of the Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch nd Extension Center t Hlfwy in Hle County. Current projects t the Helm Reserch Frm involve production options nd economics of Subsurfce drip irrigtion (SDI). Other reserch projects include weed nd insect control, plnt breeding nd yield trils for severl commodities nd production s projects. Irrigted experiments were conducted under the 130 cre center pivot nd on 6-cres of SDI. The soils re predominntly deep cly loms nd silty cly loms, with 0-1% nd 1-3% slopes, modertely to modertely slowly permeble subsoils nd high wter nd fertility holding cpcities. Supplementl wter for irrigtion comes from five wells, 320 to 340 feet deep, pumping t rtes of 150 to 250 gllons per minute ech. 4
Soil Profile Depth (ft) Sesonl Irrigtion Wter Use Efficiency (lb/c-in) Soil ProfileDepth (ft) Grin Sorghum Yield (lb/c) Grin Sorghum Irrigtion Timing Using Subsurfce Drip Irrigtion (SDI) (Field 2). Jmes Bordovsky, Joe Mustin, Scott Jordn nd Csey Hrdin Objective: Determine lte plnted grin sorghum yield, wter use efficiency, nd reltive wter vlue of three irrigtion timing tretments using subsurfce drip irrigtion. Methodology: The primry reserch question reltes to efficiency of soil profile irrigtion storge when subsurfce drip irrigtion (SDI) is pplied erly in the growing seson t times when irrigtion cpcity is greter thn crop evpotrnspirtion (ET). This field study ws irrigted with SDI hving 30-in. dripline spcing nd focused on three irrigtion timing tretments replicted in RCB design. Tretments were: T1 - miniml irrigtion for plnt estblishment, no irrigtion during vegettive period, 0.15 in/dy rte during reproductive nd mturtion periods; T2 - irrigtion t 0.15 in/dy rte during preplnt for up to 30 dys, no irrigtion during the erly vegettive period, 0.15 in/dy rte during reproductive nd mturtion periods; nd T3 - miniml irrigtion for plnt estblishment, 0.15 in/dy rte during vegettive, reproductive, nd mturtion periods. A tretment hving sufficient irrigtion for plnt estblishment with no further sesonl irrigtion (drylnd) ws lso included. Grin sorghum ws plnted to replce hil nd wind dmged cotton nd test res hrvested with commercil hrvesting equipment. Yields nd wter productivity from the different tretments were determined. Figure 1. Instlltion of subsurfce drip irrigtion for experiments t the Helm Reserch Frm, Hlfwy, TX. 0 1 2 3 4 6/2/2016 5 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 Volumetric Wter Content (v/v) 0 1 2 3 4 10/19/2016 5 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 Volumetric Wter Content (v/v) Figure 2. Profile soil wter of three irrigtion tretments t plnting nd ner hrvest t the Helm Reserch Frm, Hlfwy, TX. T1 T2 T3 Dry T1 T2 T3 Dry Results: On June 21, following hil nd wind events tht destroyed the first two cotton plntings, grin sorghum (DKS 3707) ws plnted t 32,500 seeds/cre. Although sesonl rinfll ws ner norml, rin from mid-my through mid- June ws bove verge t 5.16 inches which eliminted the need for irrigtion during the erly vegettive period of T3. This resulted in T1 nd T3 being irrigted identiclly. Figure 2 shows erly nd lte seson soil wter by tretment. Although T2 tretment received more pre-plnt irrigtion, the volumetric soil wter content t the end of the seson ws lower thn the T1 nd T3 tretments without resulting in significnt increses in sorghum yield (Figs. 2 nd 3). This yer s result shows little vlue in erly irrigtion. 000 6000 4000 2000 0 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 T1 T2 T3 Irrigtion Tretment 0 T1 T2 T3 Irrigtion Tretment Figure 3. Grin sorghum yield nd sesonl irrigtion wter use efficiency from irrigtion tretments t the Helm Reserch Frm, Hlfwy, TX. 5
Depth (ft) Depth (ft) Grin Sorghum Response to Pre-plnt nd Erly Seson Irrigtion Amounts with SDI (Field 3). Jmes Bordovsky, Joe Mustin, Scott Jordn nd Csey Hrdin Objective: Determine lte seson grin sorghum yield nd wter use efficiency of pre-plnt nd erly seson irrigtion tretments using SDI. Methodology: This study ttempts to quntify differences in wter productivity of SDI grin sorghum during irrigtion periods hving the highest evportion losses in the Texs South Plins. Tretment fctors included pre-plnt irrigtion quntity nd erly seson irrigtion cpcity resulting in six tretments in ddition to "pre-plnt only" check (Tble 1). SDI lterls were spced 60 in. prt with ech irrigting 2 30-in. crop rows. Due to issues cused by hevy rins, hil nd blowing snd, cotton ws terminted nd replnted with grin sorghum on 22 June. 0 1 2 3 4 5 T2, Irr. Totl = 13.0", Yield = 5500 lb/c 6 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 Volumetric Soil Wter Content (v/v) 7/1/2016 /2/216 /22/2016 9/27/2016 10/19/2016 0 1 2 3 4 5 T4, Irr. Totl = 1.0", Yield = 5590 lb/c 6 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 Volumetric Soil Wter Content (v/v) 7/1/2016 /2/216 /22/2016 9/27/2016 10/19/2016 Figure 1. Profile wter content of irrigtion tretments hving the lowest nd highest irrigtion mounts in experiments t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. Results: Totl irrigtion for the yer, including pre-plnt, rnged from 13.0 to 1.0 inches for the six tretments (Tble 1). In terms of irrigtion effect on soil wter, profile wter chnges over the growing seson indicted less wter vilbility t depths of greter thn 2 feet in tretment T2, with the lowest totl irrigtion, compred to T4, with the highest irrigtion (Figure 1). However, grin yields from the six irrigted tretments were not significntly different (p<0.05) rnging from 5400 to 560 lb/c t 13% moisture content. Sesonl irrigtion wter use efficiency incresed by n verge of 29% from 22 to 294 lb/c-in when compring T4 t 1 inches to T2 t 13inches of irrigtion, respectively. The lck of yield differences re prtilly due to erly seson rinfll nd the somewht lte sorghum plnting dte s well s high erly seson evportive demnd. These results support the concept tht, even with SDI, irrigting erly in the growing seson, ttempting to store wter for lter use with limited irrigtion cpcity, reduces the overll irrigtion wter vlue. Tble 1. Irrigtion tretments; plnned nd ctul irrigtion ppliction rtes; grin yield; nd sesonl irrigtion wter use efficiency t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch Helm Frm, 2016. Tret. No. Proposed Irrigtion Rte (in/dy) Reproductive nd Mturtion Periods Acutl Irrigtion Amount (c-in/c) Reproductive nd Mturtion Periods Irrigtion Tret. Description Preplnt Vegettive Period Preplnt Vegettive Period Totl (lb/c) T0 Light PP + 0.0" Sesonl 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.9 0 0 2.9 2667 T2 Light PP + 0.0"/d Veg. Period 0.1 0.0 0.2 3.3 0 9.7 13.0 5504 294 T5 Light PP + 0.1"/d Veg. Period 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.9 1.9 9.4 15.2 5676 267 T6 Light PP + 0.2"/d Veg.Period 0.1 0.2 0.2 3.4 3.2 9.7 16.3 5559 225 T3 Hevy PP + 0.0"/d Veg. Period 0.2 0.0 0.2 5.3 0 9.6 14.9 5403 25 T1 Hevy PP + 0.1'/d Veg. Period 0.2 0.1 0.2 5.7 1. 9.7 17.2 5476 243 T4 Hevy PP + 0.2"/d Veg. Period 0.2 0.2 0.2 5.2 3.1 9.7 1.0 559 22 Mens in column followed by the sme letter re not significntly different (Tukey, p<0.05) Grin Yield Se. Irr. WUE (lb/c-in) 6
Verticillium wilt of Cotton s Affected by Crop Rottion, Tillge, Irrigtion Rte, nd Replnting (Field 5bdf). Terry Wheeler, Jmes Grnt, nd Cecil Hrlson. The wether in July nd erly August ws not conducive for the development of Verticillium wilt. However, strting in mid-august, cool nd wet conditions continued for pproximtely 4 wks. There ws typicl incidence of Verticillium wilt by the 25 th of August, nd severe defolition by lte September. Crop rottion did not ffect the severity of Verticillium wilt, however, irrigtion rte s usul did, with higher irrigtion resulting in more Verticillium wilt (Fig. 1). Vrious prts of the circle were replnted in lte June, nd tht lso hd n impct on Verticillium wilt severity. In generl, Verticillium wilt ws more severe in originl plnted cotton thn in replnted cotton (Fig. 1). 25 60 Incidence of wilt 20 15 10 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 % Defolition 40 20 0 0.5 1 1.5 Irrigtion rte Irrigtion rte Bed-noreplnt Bed-replnt Bed-noreplnt Bed-replnt Flt-noreplnt Flt-replnt Flt-noreplnt Flt-replnt Figure 1. The effect of tillge (conventionl tillge tretment included beds, while minimum tillge tretments were on flt ground), nd whether or not the cotton ws replnted on Verticillium wilt incidence nd defolition. The reltionship between Verticillium wilt severity (defolition) nd yield ws somewht different between ech cropping, tillge, nd whether it ws replnted. In the whet/cotton rottion, the originl plnted cotton with beds lost similr mount of yield to wilt s the originl plnted cotton on flt ground, nd the replnted cotton with beds (Fig. 2). However, overll, the minimum tillge on flt ground mde higher yields thn the cotton in conventionl tillge using beds. The mount tht cotton yield ws reduced per 1% defolition rnged from 11 to 12 lbs/cre. In the cotton/sorghum rottion, yields were reduced by to 10 lbs/cre per 1% defolition in the conventionl tilled (beds) cotton, both for originl nd replnted res. However, the cotton on flt ground did not show loss in yield due to Verticillium wilt defolition (Fig. 3). In the continuous cotton with or without whet cover, there ws no reltionship between Verticillium wilt or defolition nd yield loss. These two s hd less wilt by 25 Aug (2% nd 7%, respectively) thn did the cotton/whet (12%) or cotton/sorghum rottions (14%). The continuous cotton with no cover ws completely replnted. Defolition verged 12, 23, 29, nd 30% for the continuous cotton without nd with cover, cotton/whet, nd cotton/sorghum rottions, respectively. 7
2500 CWBed-O CWFlt-O CWBed-R Lbs of lint/cre 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 20 40 60 0 100 % Defolition Figure 2. Reltionship between cotton lint yield nd defolition due to Verticillium wilt in the cotton tht ws rotted with whet. The tillge s were conventionl with beds (Bed) nd miniml tillge on flt ground (Flt). Some of the cotton in beds were replnted (R), nd some ws the originl plnting (O). All the cotton plnted on flt ground ws originl plnting. Lint yield (Lbs/cre) 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Bed-O Flt-O Bed-R 0 20 40 60 0 % Defolition Figure 3. Reltionship between cotton line yield nd defolition due to Verticillium wilt in the cotton tht ws rotted with sorghum. The tillge s were conventionl with beds (Bed) nd miniml tillge on flt ground (Flt). Some of the cotton in beds were replnted (R), nd some ws the originl plnting (O). All the cotton plnted on flt ground ws originl plnting.
Cotton Yield (lb/c) Cotton Yield (lb/c) Cotton Yield (lb/c) Cotton Yield (lb/c) Comprison of LEPA nd Mobile Drip Irrigtion (MDI) Appliction Methods (Field 5). Jmes Bordovsky, Joe Mustin, nd Scott Jordn. Objective: Compre yield response of cotton nd grin sorghum in cropping s irrigted by LEPA versus Mobile Drip Irrigtion (MDI) ppliction methods. Methodology: The gol of MDI (Drgonline ) is to reduce irrigtion evportion losses. The ide of replcing center pivot sprinkler nozzles with drip lines is not new. However, wht is new is the dvncement in the wy the drip line is connected to center pivots nd drip line emitter technology e.g., pressure compensted emitters. A field experiment ws conducted compring LEPA to MDI on one spn of the Helm Pivot. Six -row spn sections were equipped with either LEPA or MDI pplictors, nd irrigtions pplied in cotton nd grin sorghum crops growing in defined crop rottion sequences (Fig. 2). Specific irrigtion nd other production detils re vilble in the ppendix. 2014 2016 F - Cotton E - Sorghum A - Cotton B - Cotton/ Whet - 14 C - Whet -13 /Fllow No Till on Spns 3,5 & 7 Figure 1. Mobile Drip Irrigtion pplictors on the center pivot used in field experiments t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. Results: Cotton ws hrvested using modified commercil 4-row cotton stripper from ll tretment replictes with sub-smples tken to determine gin turnout nd cotton fiber qulity. One-yer findings indicte MDI plots resulted in slightly greter numericl cotton yields thn those irrigted by the LEPA method (Fig. 3). MDI hd significntly greter yield thn LEPA (p<0.05) in cotton tretments plnted in terminted whet (pivot wedge D, conventionl irrigtion). There were no significnt differences in cotton fiber qulity mong D - Cotton /Whet(T)-14 2000 Cotton - Whet - B 2000 Cotton - Grin Sorg. - F Figure 2. Crops nd rottion sequences of vrious pivot wedges in field experiments t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. methods in ny of the cropping s. Sorghum yields (wedge E) were not significntly different between the two ppliction methods, 5055 nd 5010 lb/c for LEPA nd MDI, respectively. From this initil evlution nd field observtions, MDI s dvntge over LEPA will likely occur on sloping fields with hevy soil texture where lrger LEPA pplictions could result in runoff. These evlutions will continue. 1500 1000 500 0 2000 1500 1000 500 0 MDI MDI LEPA Cotton-Cov. (Alt. Irr) -D LEPA 1500 1000 2000 1500 1000 Figure 3. Cotton yield responses to MDI nd LEPA irrigtion methods in vrious crop sequences in field experiments t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. 500 0 500 0 MDI Cotton-Cov. (Conv. Irr)-D b MDI LEPA LEPA 9
Lint Yeield (lb/c) Lon Vlue (cents/c) Continuous Cotton Response to Tillge nd Irrigtion Level (Field 5) Jmes Bordovsky, Wyne Keeling, Terry Wheeler, Ktie Lewis, Csey Hrdin nd Joe Mustin Objective: Determine yield nd wter productivity of continuous cotton t three irrigtion levels under conventionl nd reduced tillge s. Methodology: These results re prt of comprehensive crop rottion-tillgeirrigtion study being conducted on 125 cres irrigted by LEPA. In this 22-cre wedge, cotton hs been grown since 2014. In 2016, due to dverse wether, the re ws replnted with the exception of three -row strips in conventionlly tilled tretments, in ech of the three irrigtion levels. Cotton yield from these strips were used for comprison to replnted cotton. Due to the lte plnting, sesonl irrigtion ppliction occurred only s the pivot pssed over the re t 100% speed moving from/to djcent wedges. Sesonl irrigtion totls were 0., 1.7 nd 2.4 c-in/c in irrigtion tretments Figure 1. First cotton plnting (My 13, 2016) in the no till tretment re of tillge-irrigtion experiments, Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm 2016. designte s 0.5BI, 1.0BI, nd 1.5BI, respectively. Tillge prctices, cotton vrieties, pesticides, nd nutrient pplictions re listed in the ppendix. Results: No- or reduced-tillge in continuous cotton cropping is difficult to mintin in the Southern High Plins due to the lck of sufficient residue to protect young cotton plnts when inevitble high winds nd blowing snd occurs. Tillge gretly reduces the wind-blown snd dmge on cotton. Although the originl cotton plntings were severely dmged on June 15, these non-replnt res produced higher verge yields, 1049 lb/c, thn res tht were replnted, 75 lb/c (Fig. 2). Yields of both originl nd lte plnted cotton were unexpectedly high due to fvorble lte seson wether. Lint lon vlues of the erly plnting, prticulrly from the lowest irrigtion tretment re, were much higher thn those of the replnt, $0.57 vs. $0.50, respectively (Fig. 3). 2000 1500 1000 2016 Continuous Cotton, No Cover My 13 Plnting June 25 Plnting 60 55 50 2016 Continuous Cotton, No Cover My 13 Plnting June 25 Plnting 500 45 0 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI Sesonl Irrigtion Level 40 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI Sesonl Irrigtion Level Figure 2. Cotton lint yield from res of continuous cotton with n originl plnting dte of My 13 nd replnt dte of June 25 in tillge-irrigtion experiments, Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm 2016. Figure 3. Cotton lint lon vlues from res of continuous cotton with n originl plnting dte of My 13 nd replnt dte of June 25 in tillge-irrigtion experiments, Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm 2016. 10
Lint Yeield (lb/c) Lon Vlue (cents/c) Se. Irr. WUE (lb/c-in) Cotton Response to Tillge nd Irrigtion Levels in Cotton-Whet Rottion (Field 5b) Jmes Bordovsky, Wyne Keeling, Terry Wheeler, Ktie Lewis, Csey Hrdin nd Joe Mustin Objective: Determine yield nd wter productivity of cotton in cotton-whet rottion irrigted t three levels under conventionl nd reduced tillge s. Methodology: These results re prt of comprehensive crop rottion-tillge-irrigtion study being conducted on 125 cres irrigted by LEPA. In this 22-cre test re, cotton ws plnted into whet stubble in 2014 nd gin in 2016 within 2-yer cotton-whet rottion sequence. Two tillge s, conventionl tillge (in pivot spns 4, 6, nd ) nd reduced tillge, or no-till, (in spns 3, 5, nd 7), were used. In ddition, ech pivot spn ws divided into three sections with ech pivot section delivering one of three irrigtion quntities (or levels) to the soil surfce below. The irrigtion levels were designte s bse irrigtion rte (1.0BI); of bse rte (0.5BI); nd 1 of bse rte (1.5BI). The pivot irrigtion cpcity t 1.0BI meets pproximtely 60% ET of cotton in yers of verge rinfll. Specific irrigtions, tillge opertions, cotton vrieties, pesticides, nd nutrient pplictions for 2016 re listed in the ppendix. Results: Hevy rin nd cool wether followed plnting nd high wind event on June 15 resulted in dmged cotton plnts nd poor stnds in ll res. Following the wind event, portions of ech conventionl tilled tretment replicte were replnted on June 22. Cotton yields were progressively reduced by irrigtion bove the 0.5 BI level except in the reduced tilled tretment where yields verged 190 lb/c t 1.0BI. Lon vlues nd sesonl irrigtion wter use efficiencies were significntly reduced (p<0.05) by irrigtions bove 0.5BI regrdless of plnting dte or tillge tretment. Reduced tillge significntly incresed yields, lon vlues nd sesonl wter use efficiencies over conventionl tillge (Fig. 2). The initil plnting generlly resulted in the sme or better yield, lon vlue, nd wter productivity s the lte plnted cotton tretments. Figure 1. Cotton plnted into whet stubble in no-till test re on My 12; resulting cotton stnd on June 14; nd cotton (conventionl till re) following wind event on June 15 t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. 2000 1500 1000 2016 Cotton Whet Rottion b b b b Reduce d Till Conv Till -1st Plt Conv Till -2nd Plt 60 55 50 2016 Cotton Whet Rottion b b 500 45 0 b b b 0 40-100 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI Sesonl Irrigtion Level Sesonl Irrigtion Level Sesonl Irrigtion Level Figure 2. Cotton lint yield, lint lon vlue, nd sesonl irrigtion wter use efficiency of cotton plnted on two dtes in cotton-whet rottion t three irrigtion levels in tilled nd reduced-tilled tretments t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. b c Reduced Till Conv Till -1st Plt Conv Till -2nd Plt 300 200 100 2016 Cotton Whet Rottion b Reduced Till Conv Till -1st Plt Conv Till -2nd Plt 11
Lint Yeield (lb/c) Lon Vlue (cents/c) Se. Irr. WUE (lb/c-in) Cotton Plnted into Terminted Whet Response to Tillge nd Irrigtion Levels (Field 5d) Jmes Bordovsky, Wyne Keeling, Terry Wheeler, Ktie Lewis, Csey Hrdin nd Joe Mustin Objective: Determine yield nd wter productivity of cotton plnted into terminted whet with cotton irrigted t three levels under conventionl nd reduced tillge s. Figure 1. Cotton plnted into terminted whet in no-till test plot on My 13 nd cotton stnd on June 14 t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. Methodology: These results re prt of comprehensive crop rottion-tillge-irrigtion study being conducted on 125 cres irrigted by LEPA. In this 22-cre test re, cotton ws plnted into terminted whet from 2014 through 2016. Two tillge s, conventionl tillge (in pivot spns 4, 6, nd ) nd reduced tillge (in spns 3, 5, nd 7), were used. In ddition, ech pivot spn ws divided into three sections with ech pivot section delivering one of three irrigtion quntities (or levels) to the soil surfce below. The irrigtion levels were designte s bse irrigtion rte (1.0BI); of bse rte (0.5BI); nd 1 of bse rte (1.5BI). The pivot irrigtion cpcity t 1.0BI meets pproximtely 60% ET of cotton in yers of verge rinfll. Specific irrigtions, tillge opertions, cotton vrieties, pesticides, nd nutrient pplictions for 2016 re listed in the ppendix. Results: Hevy rin nd cool wether followed plnting nd high wind event on June 15 resulted in dmged cotton plnts nd poor stnds in ll res, prticulrly those not protected by cover crops. Cotton yields were significntly reduced (p<0.05) by irrigtion bove nd below the 1.0 BI level. Lon vlues t 1.5BI were $0.07/lb less thn the verge lon vlue of the other irrigtion tretments. Wter use efficiency ws highest t the 0.5BI irrigtion level t pproximtely 200 lb/c-in, decresing significntly when going from 1.0BI to 1.5BI. In 2016, the only tillge in the conventionl till tretments ws furrow diking following stnd estblishment; reduced till tretments were not tilled. There were no differences due to tillge ffects except t the 1.5BI irrigtion level where the reduced tillge significntly increse yield by over 100 lb/c (Fig. 2). Although yields were good, results indicte tht irrigtion mngement with limited wter resources in dmged cotton yers is importnt. 2000 1500 1000 500 2016 Cotton in Term. Whet b b Conv. Till Reduce Till 60 55 50 45 2016 Cotton in Term. Whet Conv. Till Reduce Till 300 200 100 2016 Cotton in Term. Whet Conv. Till Reduce Till 0 40 0 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI Sesonl Irrigtion Level Sesonl Irrigtion Level Sesonl Irrigtion Level Figure 2. Cotton lint yield, lint lon vlue, nd sesonl irrigtion wter use efficiency of cotton plnted into terminted whet in tilled nd no-tilled res irrigted t three levels t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. Mens seprtions re within n irrigtion level. 12
2014 Cpcitnce Vlue Comprison of Multi-sensor Cpcitnce nd TDR Soil Wter Mesurement Methods (Field 5) Scott Jordn, Jmes Bordovsky, Joe Mustin, nd Dn Porter Objective: Compre commercilly vilble soil wter sensors nd evlute their potentil for irrigtion mngement decisions in res hving limited irrigtion cpcity. Figure 1. Mobile Drip Irrigtion pplictors ttched to center cotton crop pivot used in field experiments t Texs AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. rows, while the cpcitnce sensors were locted 7.5 inches from the row in non-trffic furrows. Cpcitnce nd TDR soil wter mesurements were recorded t intervls of 6 hours or less from June 20 through September 30, 2016. Dily irrigtion, rinfll nd estimted evpotrnspirtion were lso mesured. Results: The 2016 sesonl irrigtion nd rinfll mounts were.4 nd 7. inches, respectively. The verge cotton lint yield in the tretment re ws 1430 pounds per cre. A comprison of soil wter mesurements from 2014 nd 2015 cpcitnce sensors instlled in this tretment is in Fig. 2. The 2014 verses 2015 cpcitnce sensors resulted in different mesurements under similr conditions. For exmple, on September 6 t the 24 depth, the 2014 sensor mesurement ws 52.0 while tht of the 2015 sensor ws 20% higher t 63.0. Fig. 3 shows cpcitnce sensor dt, which ws normlized to tht of the TDR sensors, t depths of 12, 24 nd 36. Both TDR nd cpcitnce sensors showed responses to irrigtion nd rinfll events; however significnt differences between sensor types did occur. For exmple, the rinfll event on August 9 cn be seen t ll depths for the cpcitnce sensor, while the TDR sensors only show response t depths of 12 nd 36. Even in common soil nd crop environments, mesurements mong identicl s well s different sensor types often occurs due to sensor plcement, non-uniform soil texture nd/or differences in sensor mnufcturing. These initil results show potentil for sensor bsed, deficit cotton irrigtion mngement in the Texs South Plins. Methodology: Sensors cn provide timely representtion of soil wter content within the soil profile, yet their use for irrigtion scheduling in low irrigtion cpcity environments is limited. A set of Time Domin Reflectometry (TDR) sensors (Model #: ACC-TDR-315L) nd two sets of permnent cpcitnce sensors (AquSpy SoilPro 1200 PC: P100A) were instlled in the northwest tretment re of n ongoing irrigtion study. One cpcitnce sensor ws instlled in this re in 2014 nd the second in 2015. The TDR sensors were positioned below individul Figure 2. Soil moisture mesurements of the 2015 cpcitnce sensor compred to the 2014 cpcitnce sensor in field experiments t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. Irrigtion or Rinfll (in) Volumetric Wter Content (%) 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 2015 Cpcitnce TDR 35 25 6/20 24" 6/27 Depth 7/4 7/11 7/1 7/25 /1 / /15 /22 /29 9/5 9/12 9/19 9/26 30 25 20 30 6/2036" 6/27 Depth 7/4 7/11 7/1 7/25 /1 / /15 /22 /29 9/5 9/12 9/19 9/26 25 20 15 2 6/20 6/27 7/4 7/11 7/1 7/25 /1 / /15 /22 /29 9/5 9/12 9/19 9/26 1 y = 0.599x + 6.3401 R² = 0.797 40 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 2015 Cpcitnce Vlue 12" Depth Irrigtion Rinfll 0 6/20 6/27 7/4 7/11 7/1 7/25 /1 / /15 /22 /29 9/5 9/12 9/19 9/26 Figure 3. Volumetric soil wter content over time from TDR nd cpcitnce sensors in field experiments t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. 13
Grin Sorghum Yield (lb/c) Grin Sorghum Yield (lb/c) Grin Sorghum Yield (lb/c) Grin Sorghum Following Cotton Response to Tillge nd Irrigtion Levels (Field 5e) Jmes Bordovsky, Wyne Keeling, Terry Wheeler, Ktie Lewis, Csey Hrdin nd Joe Mustin Objective: Determine yield nd wter productivity of grin sorghum following cotton in two yer rottion with cotton irrigted t three levels under Figure 1. Grin sorghum plnting nd sorghum emergence in reduce - till tretment res in field experiments t the Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. conventionl nd reduced tillge s. Methodology: These results re prt of comprehensive crop rottion-tillge-irrigtion study being conducted on 125 cres irrigted by LEPA. In this 22-cre test re, grin sorghum ws plnted following cotton in two yer rottion. Two tillge s, conventionl tillge (pivot spns 4, 6, nd ) nd reduced tillge (spns 3, 5, nd 7), were used. In ddition, ech pivot spn ws divided into three sections with ech pivot section delivering one of three irrigtion quntities (or levels) to the soil surfce below. The irrigtion levels were designte s the bse irrigtion rte (1.0BI); of bse rte (0.5BI); nd 1 of bse rte (1.5BI). The pivot irrigtion cpcity t 1.0BI typiclly meets 60% ET of grin sorghum in yers of verge rinfll. Irrigtion mounts, sorghum hybrids, pesticides, nd nutrient pplictions for 2016 re listed in the ppendix. Results: Averge grin sorghum yields for 2014, 2015, nd 2016 re in Fig. 2. Non-irrigted yields in the conventionlly tilled res were high t 4200 lb/c in 2015 nd 300 lb/c in 2016. Yields my hve been impcted by infesttions of sugr cne phid which were spryed twice in 2015 nd once in 2016. Tillge effects within this rottion my become more evident with time. 000 2014 000 2015 000 2016 6000 6000 6000 4000 4000 4000 2000 Conv. Till Reduced Till 2000 Conv. Till Reduced Till 2000 Conv. Till Reduced till 0 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI Sesonl Irrigtion Level 0 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI Sesonl Irrigtion Level 0 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI Sesonl Irrigtion Level Figure 2. Grin sorghum yield from tretment res following cotton using conventionl nd reduced tillge s t three irrigtion levels t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2014-2016. 14
Effects of Crop Rottion, Tillge, nd Irrigtion on Soil Orgnic Mtter (Field 5bcd). Ktie Lewis, Joseph Burke, Dustin Kelley, nd Jmes Bordovsky Objective: Evlute the cumultive effects of crop rottion, tillge, nd irrigtion level on soil orgnic mtter (SOM). Methodology: Soil smples were collected t the 0-6 depth in July 2016 from wedges A-D under reduced (RT) nd conventionl tillge (CT), nd irrigtion levels of 1.5*bse irrigtion (BI) nd 0.5*BI. Soil smples were ir dried for 15 dys. Smples were nlyzed for SOM by the combustion method to determine SOM (LOI) by igniting smples in muffle furnce t 400 o C for 16 hours. After ignition, weights were recorded nd subtrcted from oven-dry weights to determine SOM lost during combustion (LOI%). Results: Soil orgnic mtter influences nutrient cycling, infiltrtion nd wter retention, structure nd ggregtion of soil, nd ction exchnge cpcity, but is highly sensitive to mngement. Tillge breks soil ggregtes exposing SOM, which cn be degrded by soil microbes or lost through erosion. Within the 0-6 soil depth, SOM mtter ws not significntly different between irrigtion level or tillge (Figure 1). Other studies on the Texs High Plins suggest improvements in SOM levels cn tke decdes to chieve becuse of limited biomss production from cotton nd extreme climtic conditions which decompose orgnic mtter rpidly. 2.5 1.5BI 0.5BI Soil Orgnic Mtter (LOI%) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 RT CT RT CT RT CT RT CT Cotton Cotton/Whet'16 Whet'15/Fllow Cotton/Whet(T) Figure 1. Soil orgnic mtter (SOM) levels s ffected by crop rottion, irrigtion level (1.5BI nd 0.5BI), nd tillge (RT, reduced tillge; CT, conventionl tillge) t soil depths of 0-6. 15
Se. Irr. WUE (lb/c-in) Lon Vlue (cents/c) Lint Yeield (lb/c) Cotton Response to Tillge nd Irrigtion Levels in Two-Yer Cotton-Grin Sorghum Rottion (Field 5f) Jmes Bordovsky, Wyne Keeling, Terry Wheeler, Ktie Lewis, Csey Hrdin nd Joe Mustin Objective: Determine yield nd wter productivity of cotton in two yer cotton-grin sorghum rottion irrigted t three levels under conventionl nd reduced tillge s. Figures 1 nd 2. Cotton in reduce - till tretment re plnted on My 12 (left) nd being irrigted in July (right) in field experiments t the Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. Methodology: These results re prt of comprehensive crop rottion-tillge-irrigtion study being conducted on 125 cres irrigted by LEPA. In this 22-cre wedge, cotton ws plnted into grin sorghum stubble in 2014 nd gin in 2016 in 2-yer cottonsorghum rottion sequence. Two tillge s, conventionl tillge (in pivot spns 4, 6, nd ) nd reduced tillge (in spns 3, 5, nd 7), were used. In ddition, ech pivot spn ws divided into three sections with ech pivot section delivering one of three irrigtion quntities (or levels) to the soil surfce below. The irrigtion levels were designte s bse irrigtion rte (1.0BI); of bse rte (0.5BI); nd 1 of bse rte (1.5BI). The pivot irrigtion cpcity t 1.0BI meets pproximtely 60% ET of cotton in yers of verge rinfll. Specific irrigtions, tillge opertions, cotton vrieties, pesticides, nd nutrient pplictions for 2016 re listed in the ppendix. Results: Hevy rin nd cold tempertures followed plnting nd high wind event on June 15 resulted in dmged cotton plnts nd poor stnds within ll test res. Following the wind event, portions of ech conventionl tilled tretment replicte were replnted on June 24. Similr to the results in the cotton-whet rottion wedge, cotton yields were reduced by irrigtion bove the 0.5BI level with the exception of the reduced tilled tretment where yields verged 1672 lb/c t 1.0BI. Lon vlues nd sesonl irrigtion wter use efficiencies were significntly reduced (p<0.05) by irrigtions bove 0.5BI regrdless of plnting dte or tillge tretment. Within irrigtion levels, reduced tillge generlly incresed yields, lon vlues nd sesonl wter use efficiencies over conventionl tillge, often by significnt mounts (Fig. 3). The initil plntings tended to hve the sme or better yield, lon vlue, nd wter productivity s the lte plnted cotton tretments. 2000 1500 1000 500 0 60 55 50 45 40 300 200 100 0-100 2016 Cotton G.Sorghum Rottion 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI 2016 Sesonl Cotton G.Sorghum Irrigtion Level Rottion Reduced Till Conv Till -1st Plt Conv Till -2nd Plt Figure 3. Cotton lint yield, lint lon vlue, nd sesonl irrigtion wter use efficiency of cotton plnted on two dtes in cotton-grin sorghum rottion t three irrigtion levels in tilled nd reduced-tilled tretments t Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Helm Frm, 2016. b c 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI 2016 Cotton Sesonl G.Sorghum Irrigtion Level Rottion b b 0.0BI 0.5BI 1.0BI 1.5BI Sesonl Irrigtion Level b c Reduced Till Conv Till -1st Plt Conv Till -2nd Plt Reduced Till Conv Till -1st Plt Conv Till -2nd Plt 16
Compny Sponsored Field Tril of Experimentl Aphid Mteril on Sugrcne Aphid Popultions in Texs High Plins Grin Sorghum (Field 6) Blyne Reed Objective: Independently evlute efficcy of experimentl compny compound on Texs High Plins sugrcne phid popultions on grin sorghum ginst known control level fctors for vibility of novel mode of ction control, potentil recommended rte strting points, nd relisticlly investigte need to frther pursue compound dvncement in lbeling process. Methodology: An existing field of replnted DK 37-07 sorghum behind filed cotton ws utilized once sugrcne phids reched ET nturlly. Plots consisting of 6 rows wide by 44 feet long were lin out with lleys cut for 4 tretment CRBD with 4 replictions. The phid popultion ws llowed to build cross plots for 4 dys until plot popultions were considered evenly distributed vi pretretment count on 2 September. Plots were then treted vi CO2 bckpck spryer set t 15.5 GPA lter on the 2 September dte. Only the first two rows of ech plot were treted or counted to prevent tretment drift. The tretments were: 1) UTC; 2) Experimentl low rte + MSO @ 0.5% V/V; 3) Experimentl high rte + MSO @ 0.5% V/V; nd 4) Sivnto @ 5 oz./c. + MSO @ 0.5% V/V. Per lef phid counts of the 3 rd lef below flg from 5 rndomly selected plnts per plot were conducted t Pre, 3 DAT, 7 DAT, 19 DAT, nd 2 DAT. At the 2DAT nd hrvest dte, plot wide sugrcne phid dmge rtings of 0-10 were tken. Hrvest ws conducted on 1 November by hnd hrvesting 10 row feet from ech plot. Hrvested smples were threshed utilizing Hldrup sorghum thresher nd ll grin yield nd qulity dt were recorded. All phid popultions, dmge rtings, nd grin yield dt were compred utilizing ANOVA nd LSD. Results: At 3 DAT the stndrd Sivnto tretment hd seprted from the untreted check nd both experimentl rte tretments despite numeric downwrd trend in SCA popultions for the experimentl tretments. This trend continued through the 7 DAT nd 19 DAT counts with both experimentl rtes showing some numeric nd some significnt promise in SCA control, but not mtching Sivnto fully. By the 2 DAT counts, SCA hd begun to rebound nd only Sivnto remined significntly better thn the UTC. The 0-10 dmge rtings from 2 DAT shows benefit to ll tretments over the UTC nd the hrvest rting shows superior benefit to Sivnto, but significnt benefit to the Experimentl high rte. Numeric dvntges only significnt t P=0.0752 level lso hint beneficil response to both the Sivnto nd high rte tretment. Due to the novel MOA of the experimentl nd significnt showing of the higher rte, the compny is moving forwrd with the product for dditionl rte refinement nd possible lbeling. 2 DAT Hrvest Pre- Tretment 3 DAT 7 DAT 19 DAT 2 DAT 0-10 dmge rting 0-10 dmge rting % moisture Bu. Wt. LBS. Grin/c UTC 207.7 134.7 66.1 52.2 5.0 5. 7.69 13.74 5.4 346.9 Expierimentl 20.6 4.9 15.6 b 19.4 b 66.0 3.25 b 6.75 13.97 59.5 395.0 Low Rte + MSO @ 0.5% V/V Experimentl 153.2 55.3 17. b 9.9 bc 60.1 2.75 b 4.94 b 14.51 59.6 4310. High Rte + MSO @ 0.5% V/V Sivnto @ 5 169.3 11.0 b 4. b 4.3 c 23.7 b 2. b 2.69 c 13.92 59.6 4336.9 oz./c + MSO @ 0.5% V/V LSD @ 0.05 = 146 LSD @ 0.05 = 23-9.2 LSD @ 0.05 = 15.6-4.94 LSD@ 0.05 = 11.04-35.93 LSD @ 0.05 = 27.1-35.1 LSD @ 0.05 = 1.13 LSD @ 0.05 = 1.597 LSD @ 0.05 = 0.7 LSD @ 0.05 = 1.9 LSD @0.05 = 715.6 P=0.7755 NS P=0.0045 P=0.0154 P=0.0073 P=0.0446 P=0.0111 P=0.0003 P=0.1409 NS P=0.4769 P=0.0752 NS 17
Sugrcne Aphid Popultion Distribution of Grin Sorghum by Irrigtion Amount nd Tillge Type (Field 5e) Blyne Reed, Pt Porter, Ktelyn Kesheimer, Jim Bordovsky Objective: Observe nturl sugrcne phid infesttions on n existing sorghum tril with vrying irrigtion mounts nd tillge types to determine ny preferences by the phid, clrify phid behviors nd give clues to ny potentil mngement benefits to producers. Methodology: The Plins Pest Mngement field scouting progrm detected n economic popultion of sugrcne phids building in the lrge plot tril with 3 replictions conducted by Jim Bordovsky. On 1 nd 23 August, 5 plnts per plot were rndomly selected from deep within ech plot. From ech plnt, the lowest green lef nd the second lef below flg were counted for sugrcne phids per lef. All upper nd lower leves counted were nlyzed seprtely nd jointly s SCA per lef utilizing ANOVA nd LSD t P=0.1. Following the 23 August counts, the tril ws successfully treted for the economic popultion of sugrcne phids. Results: On 1 August the hevy irrigted / tilled tretment nd medium irrigted / no-till hd significntly more phids thn the light irrigted / no-till, spry mode irrigted / no-till, nd the drylnd / tilled tretments (P=0.0). Tht the medium irrigted / no-till tretment seprted from the three drier tretments nd ws sttisticlly not different from the hevy irrigted / tilled tretment ws surprising result. Any hevy irrigted tretment seprting lone would not hve been surprise. A similr numeric trend continued with the 23 August count, but there were no significnt differences nd ll plots held economic popultions of SCA. 1
Additionl study is suggested from these preliminry results for confirmtion before implictions or producer mngement strtegies could be mended bsed upon irrigtion or tillge type. If confirmed, implictions could be profound nd possibly unique mong sorghum pests. 19
Impct of Surfctnt Type on Sugrcne Aphid Product Efficcy nd Other Possible Tretment Options (Field 6) Blyne Reed, Russ Perkins nd Crig Sndoski Objective: Determine if surfctnt type hs ny impct or improvement of Sivnto efficcy for sugrcne phid control in sorghum compred to known performnces nd untreted check plus ccess performnce of unlbeled phid product Strfer nd producer inquisition tretment ginst known performnce nd untreted check tretments. Methodology: An existing field of replnted DK 37-07 sorghum behind filed cotton ws utilized once sugrcne phids reched ET nturlly. Plots consisting of 6 rows wide by 4 feet long were lin out with lleys cut for 7 tretment CRBD with 4 replictions. The phid popultion ws llowed to build cross plots for 4 dys until plot popultions were considered evenly distributed vi pretretment count on 2 September. Plots were then treted vi CO2 bckpck spryer set t 15.5 GPA lter on the 2 September dte. Only the first two rows of ech plot were treted or counted to prevent tretment drift. The tretments were: 1) UTC; 2) Sivnto @ 5 oz./c. + NIS @ 1% V/V; 3) Sivnto @ 5 oz./c. + MSO @ 1% V/V; 4) Sivnto @ 5 oz./c. + COC @ 1% V/V; 5) Trnsform @ 1 oz./c. + NIS @ 1% V/V; 6) Strfer @ 3 oz./c. + NIS @ 1 % V/V; nd 7) Sivnto @ 5 oz./c. + Lorsbn @ 12 oz./c. + NIS @ 1% V/V. Per lef phid counts of the 3 rd lef below flg from 5 rndomly selected plnts per plot were conducted t Pre, 7DAT, 19DAT, nd 2DAT. At the 2DAT nd hrvest dte, plot wide sugrcne phid dmge rtings of 0-10 were tken. Hrvest ws conducted on 1 November by hnd hrvesting 10 row feet from ech plot. Hrvested smples were threshed utilizing Hldrup sorghum thresher nd ll grin yield nd qulity dt were recorded. All phid popultions, dmge rtings, nd grin yield dt were compred utilizing ANOVA nd LSD. Results: At the 2 DAT count, the Sivnto / MSO tretment hd fewer phids thn the NIS tretment. If surfctnts re fctor to improve upon SCA efficcy, then it is smll fctor with smll dvntge to MSO. The Strfer tretment held no dvntge over the Trnsform tretment offering no need to seek sorghum lbel. The Sivnto + Lorsbn tretment ws mong the best performers, but it is suspected tht the tretment ws ided by beneficils returning to the plots from untreted res of the field. 2 DAT Hrvest Pre-Tretment 7 DAT 19 DAT 2 DAT 0-10 dmge 0-10 dmge % moisture Bu. Wt. LBS. Grin/c rting rting UTC 113.0 24. 35.7 77.7 6.75 6.44 13.55 59.2 377.2 Sivnto @ 5 105.1 2.9 c 5.0 b 23.7 cd 4.25 b 5.00 bc 13.63 59.7 4337.0 oz./c. + NIS @ 1% V/V Sivnto @ 5 79.7 2.1 c 1. b 9.5 e 4.00 b 4.00 c 13.3 59.1 462.4 oz./c. + MSO @ 1% V/V Sivnto @ 5 117. 3. bc 2.5 b 15.1 de 3.75 b 4.13 c 13.63 60.0 4210.2 oz./c. + COC @ 1% V/V Trnsform 77.1 7.9 b 25.6 42.0 b 4.25 b 7.69 13.75 59.1 3722.5 @ 1 oz./c. + NIS @1% V/V Strfer @ 3 119.2 7.6 b 16.4 3. bc 4.00 b 6.56 b 13.6 60.1 409.9 oz./c. + NIS @ 1% V/V Sivnto @ 5 96.4 3.2 bc 2.2 b 11.2 e 2.75 b 3.75 c 13.63 59.7 4941. oz./c. + Lorsbn @ 12 oz./c. + NIS @ 1% V/V LSD @ 0.05 = 59.7t LSD @ 0.05 = 13.61t LSD@ 0.05 = 20.t LSD @ 0.05 = 31.2t LSD @ 0.05 = 1.956 LSD @ 0.05 = 1.742 LSD @ 0.05 = 1.155 LSD @ 0.05 = 0.51 LSD @0.05 = 53.7 P=0.532 NS P=0.0002 P=0.0001 P=0.0001 P=0.0199 P=0.0007 P=0.3632 NS P=0.322 NS P=0.0966 NS 20
Preliminry Efforts to Determine the Impct of Sugrcne Aphid Dmge to Sorghum-Type Hy for Cttle Feed (Field 6 nd AgriLife Center Lubbock) Pt Porter, Blyne Reed, Ktelyn Kesheimer, Sorghum Checkoff Objective: To provide n initil observtion of ny potentil economic sugrcne phid dmge to sorghum-type hy crops utilized for cttle feed by evluting sorghum Stover, commonly utilized loclly s hy by re cttlemen, left from re sorghum trils with known sugrcne phid dmge rtings tken before grin hrvest. Methodology: Sugrcne phid trils utilized for study were Blyne Reed s trils from Helms Frm t Hlfwy, Texs nd Dr. Pt Porter s tril t the Lubbock Sttion. All trils were rted on 0-10 sugrcne phid dmge rting scle just before grin hrvest. 3 to 4 stlks were mchete hrvested by hnd from plots with the known dmge rtings, bgged, nd tken to the ServiTech Lb in Amrillo, Texs nd tested for bsic feed nlysis. Results from both loctions were combined nd nlyzed for correltion between sugrcne phid dmge rtings nd the vrious feed qulity fctors including protein content, cid detergent fiber, totl digestible nutrients, nd digestible energy. Results: Although it showed generl downwrd trend, crude protein ws not impcted significntly by SCA dmge. All other fctors were significntly impcted by SCA lef dmge in negtive wy regrding hy qulity. These negtive impcts moved very good qulity Stover hy to bre minimum feed qulity level. This preliminry study indictes tht much of the SCA thresholds for grin sorghum should be trnsferble to hy nd silge sorghums nd tht much more in-depth study is needed. 21
Performnce of FiberMx nd Stoneville Vrieties s Affected by Irrigtion Levels (Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Hlfwy) Wyne Keeling, Justin Sprdley nd Ry White Methodology: Plot Size: 4 rows by 40 feet, 3 replictions. Plnting Dte: My 10. Herbicides: Triflurlin 1 qt/a Mrch 3, Glyphoste 32 oz/a My 4, Cprol 3 pt/a My 11, Glyphoste 32 oz/a + Wrrnt 3 pt/a July 10, Glyphoste 32 oz/a + Diuron 1.5 pt/a August 1. Fertilizer: 100-0-0. Irrigtion t low, medium nd high levels: Preplnt = 4.2, 4.2, 4.2 ; Sesonl = 3.2, 6.45, 9.7 ; Totl = 7.4, 10.65, 13.9. Hrvest Dte: Nov. 10. Results: Seven FiberMx nd two Stoneville vrieties were evluted under three irrigtion levels t Hlfwy in 2016. Due to timely rinfll, high yields were produced cross the irrigtions, with in-seson irrigtion inputs rnging from 3.2 to 9.7 cre inches pplied. Optimum yields nd gross revenues were produced with the bse irrigtion tretments (6.45 pplied in-seson). The high irrigtion tretments produced similr yield to the bse tretment nd reduced fiber qulity (lower micronire). Highest lon vlues were produced with the low irrigtion tretment. When verged cross irrigtion levels, the highest yields nd gross revenues were produced with FM 1 GL nd FM 2322 GL. Tble 1. Effect of vriety nd irrigtion level on cotton lint yield (lbs/a), lon vlue (cents/lb), nd revenue ($/A). Irrigtion Levels Vriety Dry (0.0) Low (3.2) Bse (6.45) High (9.7) Averge ------------------ lbs/a------------------ FM 130 GLT 116 1379 1670 1567 1451 BC FM 1 GL 129 1449 1947 1942 1657 A FM 1900 GLT 100 1375 151 1637 141 CD FM 1911 GLT 1026 1317 1741 1541 1406 CD FM 2007 GLT 1071 1326 1665 1529 139 CD FM 2322 GL 12 1554 179 1956 1647 A FM 9250 GL 1134 1360 160 170 1471 BC ST 4747 GLB2 67 1391 166 199 1531 B ST 4946 GLB2 1020 1244 1562 151 1352 D Averge 1107 C 1377 B 1722 A 171 A - ------------------cents/lb----------------- FM 130 GLT 55. 55.9 51.7 49.4 53.2 ABC FM 1 GL 55.2 55.2 55.2 51. 54.4 A FM 1900 GLT 52.5 54.2 54.4 47.4 52.1 BCD FM 1911 GLT 55.4 56.6 51.3 51.6 53.7 AB FM 2007 GLT 55.0 55.7 51.2 49.0 52.7 ABC FM 2322 GL 54.6 57.2 53.9 51.3 54.3 A FM 9250 GL 52.6 55.4 49.9 47.6 51.4 C ST 4747 GLB2 51.1 55.0 53.4 4.0 51.9 BC ST 4946 GLB2 55.1 54.7 51.7 4. 52.6 ABC Averge 54.1 B 55.5 A 52.5 C 49.4 D - --------------------$/A-------------------- FM 130 GLT 662 771 66 773 76 BC FM 1 GL 711 01 1075 1009 99 A FM 1900 GLT 566 745 60 777 737 BCD FM 1911 GLT 569 745 9 794 751 BCD FM 2007 GLT 59 739 52 749 733 CD FM 2322 GL 705 9 963 1003 90 A FM 9250 GL 596 753 36 14 750 BCD ST 4747 GLB2 442 765 1000 959 791 B ST 4946 GLB2 562 61 09 764 704 D Averge 600 C 765 B 907 A 49 A - 22
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Cotton Flehopper Smge Potentil nd Crop Response to Injury (Texs A&M AgriLife Reserch, Hlfwy) M.N. Prjulee, A. Hkeem, S.D. Coyle, S.C. Crroll, nd J.P. Bordovsky Objective: The objective ws to evlute the effect of nitrogen fertilizer ppliction rtes on cotton flehopper dmge potentil nd cotton s response to flehopper injury. Methodology: A high-yielding FiberMx cultivr, FM 1900GLT, ws plnted t trgeted rte of 54,000 seeds/cre on My 27, 2016. The experiment ws split-plot rndomized block design with five nitrogen fertility rte tretments s min plot, two insect ugmenttion tretments s sub-plots, nd five replictions. The five min-plot tretments included pre-bloom side-dress pplictions of ugmented nitrogen fertilizer rtes of 0, 50, 100, 150, nd 200 lbs N/cre using soil pplictor injection rig on July 14. Pre-tretment soil smples (consisting of three soil cores; 0 to 24-inch depth), were collected from ech of the 25 experiment plots on July 1. Three 3-ft sections of uniform cotton were flgged in the middle two rows of ech 16-row min-plot tht served s two insect tretment sub-plots. Two weeks into cotton squring (July 17), the most criticl phenologicl stge of cotton for cotton flehopper mngement in the Texs High Plins, three cotton flehopper ugmenttion tretments (5 cotton flehopper nymphs per plnt, mnul removl of 100% squres pre-flower, nd no flehopper ugmenttion s control) were deployed in these designted row sections to simulte n cute infesttion of flehoppers. With 20% field survivorship, this density is equivlent to 3-4 times current cotton flehopper threshold (25-30 flehoppers per 100 plnts) for the High Plins. Results: Cotton flehoppers induced ~20% squre drop cross ll N plots. Vrying rtes of N ugmenttion resulted in phenotypic expression of N deficiency in cotton cross tretment plots, more pronouncedly between zero N plots nd N ugmented plots, which were reflected on temporl chlorophyll nd lef N contents of the fifth lef (Fig. 1). All N ugmented plots hd higher lint yields thn on zero N plots, but the crop response to vrition in N level ws not well defined (Fig. 2). Combined over ll N tretments, the cute infesttion of flehoppers rendered the lint yield reduction from 1,209 lb/cre in the control to 976 lb/cre in flehopper plots. Lint yield ws not significntly ffected by ~20% flehopper-induced squre loss t zero N nd the two highest N plots, either vi pruning of undesirble fruit lod (zero N) or compenstion (high N). On the other hnd, lint yield ws lower in flehopper ugmented 50 nd 100 lb/cre plots compred to tht in control plots, suggesting tht the plnt response to cotton flehopper injury is gretly influenced by the vilbly of N fertility. Mnul removl of 100% squres pre-flower did not impct the lint yield. Fig. 1. Temporl dynmics of lef re, chlorophyll concentrtion, nd lef N content on 5 th minstem lef s influenced by vrying N rtes, 2016. Fig. 1. Effect of N rtes on lint yield following single cute infesttion of cotton flehopper versus uninfested control nd mnul removl of 100% squres prior to the initition of flowering, 2016. 23