LINKKER Quality of Life in Cities
Content Potential Linkker introduction ebus technologies System characteristics Business case Implementation Case examples
Potential With ebuses Environment Economy Experience City bus routes ideal for electrification high consumption, high mileage, fixed route, energy supply available, emission reductions important, passenger attractiveness wanted, multimodal potential (rail & bus), green city image
Our background Sami Ruotsalainen CEO Tom Granvik CFO Kimmo Erkkilä Strategy, BD Tommi Mutanen Bus Constructions Otto Pietikäinen Prototypes, Pilots HQ in Finland +10 years of ebus R&D Ecosystem of best partners Engineering & Production in Finland European standards (R100/R107)
Linkker milestones Lightweight chassis Electric vehicle ebus benchmark 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
ebus Technologies Heating & cooling Coupling system & energy transmission Vehicle control unit Power conversion & controls Power distribution Maintenance and depot tooling and set-up Energy storage Drive motor
ebus Technologies Potential Power conversion & controls Integration Architecture Heating & cooling Energy efficiency Intelligent control Coupling system & energy transfer system Standardization (positioning, connectivity, data link) Charging intelligence Power distribution & safety Energy storage Energy density Battery life time BMS Cost Drive motor Integration Vehicle control unit Intelligent use of auxiliaries Adaptive performance Driving aids Monitoring & diagnostics Maintenance Optimized routines Predictive maintenance Battery life time management
Electric Bus System Characteristics Planning impact Infrastructure Network coverage Operations Financial Technology Construction Transition Re-charging concepts Depot vs Opportunity Charging location Charging power Charging time vs time table Connectivity Grid connection & power supply Operational impact Line length Energy consumption Continuous operation Daily mileage Time table Depot operation Total Cost of Ownership CAPEX bus drive line infrastructure OPEX energy battery replacement maintenance Asset management (bus battery depot infrastructure) Technology development Standardization
Total Cost of Ownership vs Diesel Diesel Euro 6 Total Optimized 1200 ebus M Energy Battery replacement Charging Energy Remark driver hours and cost assumed the same
ebus Long Term Business Case Commercial perspectives change: Longer technical life time -> Longer concessions New business models: New types of leasing Infrastructure ownership & operation Battery leasing Battery as a Service 2 nd life application for batteries Smart Grid services Localized production Source: VTT, Techical research Center, Finland, 2016
ebus System Requirements + - Battery life time 200 500 km daily mileage Consumption & re-charging capacity Passenger capacity Maintenance cost Time table performance
Linkker System Level Approach Linkker electric buses LinkDrive drive line & ultra fast charging LinkView operational SW LinkLight chassis and body
Linkker Technology Leadership + - + 30% battery life time, 200 500 km mileage -30% lower consumption & ultra fast, automated re-charging 2-6 min High capacity Lower maintenance cost Time table performance and 24x7 operation
Linkker 12+ performance data 1/2 80 Passengers 34-43 Seats 0.5-0.8 kwh/km consumption for propulsion + - Zero Local emission Autonomy 200 500 km 7-15km Daily mileage with 2min. re-charging
Partnering For System Level Approach Necessary Energy consumption profiling Drive cycle & battery usage profiling 12 M 10 M 8 M 6 M 4 M 2 M 2 M 0 M 5 M TCO Linkker vs Diesel 10 buses and 12 years 2 M 1 M Maintenance Charging Energy Vehicle amortize costs 2 M 3 M 5 M Drive line dimensioning 0 M Diesel Euro VI TCO modelling Linkker 12m Source: VTT research, vehicle laboratory tests
We will partner you all the way Process from idea to operation for a city Vision & strategic decision Validation period System optimization Start of the fleet roll-out Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 TECH.SUPPORT Drive cycle profiling LINKKER performance simulation System configuration FEASIBILITY Technical feasibility Operational feasibility Total Cost of Ownership ROLL-OUT Capacity management Service management Project management
Reliability Aspects European homologation R100 & R107 Climate handling (heat, humidity, cold, snow, ice, dust) Reliability engineering (monitoring, failure mode management, maintenance) Training (management, planners, dispatchers, drivers, depot) Learning & knowledge sharing
Case Espoo Line 11 First electrified line by HRT Tapiola Matinkylä - Friisilänaukio 19,2km line Average speed 20 kmh 48 stops Daily mileage 160-240km Electric Bus System 1x 350kW end-stop charging event Consumption 0.78-0.98kWh/km Charged energy 14.9-18.82kWh Charging time 4-5 min with
Case Copenhagen 3A Vallbypark - Nordhavn 10,9 km A B Average speed 20 kmh 31 stops Daily mileage 160-240km Electric Bus System 2x 350kW end-stop charging event Consumption Avrg. 1.05kWh/km Charged energy Avrg. 11.45kW Charging time 2.4min
Case Turku 1 Optimized ebus Harbour Airport 24,8 km A B A Average speed 20 kmh 35 stops Daily mileage 350km Electric Bus System 1x 350kW end-stop charging event 2 nd charger added in December Consumption Avrg.0.906kWh/km Charged energy Avrg. 22.4kW Charging time 4.73min
Living Lab Bus Project Helsinki 2.2.2017 21 Mobility services based on user needs with enabling technology
Benefits for a City are there Today Environment Economy Experience 0% local emissions Low noise Long life span Low energy consumption Low energy cost Low battery cost Low charging cost 24/7 operation High reliability Low noise Comfort Design Quality
LINKKER Quality of Life in Cities www.linkkerbus.com tom.granvik@linkkerbus.com +358-40-5116260