Annual Polis Conference Innovation in Transport for Sustainable Cities and Regions 19.11.2015 Electric vehicles in the craft sector Dominic Hofmann, M. Sc. Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences Source: POLIS 2015 Seite 1 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
Structure Introduction / Institution E-FACTS Survey erster! (Frankfurt) Conclusion Seite 2 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences 12.500 students from over 100 nations Over 30 study programs in 4 faculties 1. Architecture, Civil Engineering, Geomatics 2. Computer Science and Engineering 3. Business and Law 4. Health and Social Work source: FRA-UAS 2012 Source: Hofmann, Seite 3 2013 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015 Source: Hofmann, 2013
Department New Mobility transport planning mobility needs demand analysis demographic change energy transition public transport urban space interdisciplinary accessibility logistics cycling intermodal traffic rural areas carsharing parking e-mobility walking socio-scientific research alternative transport modes university education multimodality sustainability energy transition practical relevance ICT major event traffic urbanization urban planning Seite 4 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
E-FACTS Electric Vehicles For Alternative City Transport Systems funded by: ERA-NET Plus Electromobility+ duration: July 2013 June 2015 partners: City of Stockholm, SWE City of Arnhem, NL Frankfurt Economic Development, DE Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, DE aim: speeding up the uptake of EVs focus: vehicles/charging infrastructure (several local projects) -> in public and private sector Seite 5 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
E-FACTS Electric Vehicles For Alternative City Transport Systems WP 4: Accompanying research goal: to identify possible EV-user groups and their needs aspects: legal, social, economic and behavioural needs of costumers methods: quantitative and qualitative surveys source: Hofmann, 2013 source: Hofmann, 2013 Seite 6 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
- EVs for craft businesses Handcraft companies get financial support buying EVs for their own fleet. 38 companies were equipped with EVs. (supported by the State of Hesse, the cities of Frankfurt and Wiesbaden) First, companies could choose an EV from an explicit list, after a short period of time, companies were free to choose: Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV) Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), maximum CO2-emission: 50 g/km Seite 7 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
Quantitative and qualitative surveys Objectives: Identification of handcraft companies as one of the best fitting inner-city businesses to adopt electromobility in their daily mobility. Make EVs visible in the cities to make them part of the urban traffic. Negative prejudices should be disproven. Methods: Basis is a three-tier survey concept, IDs given for anonymity: T0 = participation of users before the delivery of the EV T1 = interim survey, after the fifth use of the EV T2 = subsequent recovery, after a long term usage Seite 8 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
Quantitative and qualitative surveys Smaller vehicles are preferred, but the source of energy is not green. Which electric vehicle did your company choose? (n=40) Do you obtain green electricity? (n=50) Smart fortwo electric drive Renault Twizy Renault Zoe Z.E. BMW i3 Opel Ampera Mitsubishi i-miev Volkswagen e-golf Renault Kangoo Z.E. Mitsubishi Outlander Nissan Leaf Sonstige others 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Figure 1: Type of vehicles yes yes, with eco-seal no no answer 0 10 20 30 40 Figure 2: Source of energy Seite 9 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
Quantitative and qualitative surveys A vehicle is used by several people per day on several days a week. How many different drivers use your electric vehicle per day? (n=40) How often have you used the electric vehicle until now? (n=38) 6 persons 4 persons 3 persons 2 persons 1 person (just me) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Figure 3: Users per day almost never rarely 1-3 days per month 1-3 days per week (almost) daily 0 5 10 15 20 Figure 4: Usage of electric vehicle Seite 10 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
Quantitative and qualitative surveys Craft businesses are a perfect target group for the usage of EVs, because they drive a short daily distance. Which range should an electric vehicle at least cover, to be an option for you? (n=24) Which distance do you cover on business with the electric vehicle per day? (n=38) range of more than 250 km range up to 250 km range up to 200 km range up to 150 km range up to 100 km range up to 50 km 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Figure 5: Distance on business per day (T0) more than 100 km 51-100 km 21-50 km 16-20 km 11-15 km 6-10 km 1-5 km no answer 0 5 10 15 Figure 6: Necessary range (T1) Seite 11 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
Quantitative and qualitative surveys The overall assessment of the EV is mostly positive. How do you evaluate the electric vehicle's driving performance? (n=24) Did the usage of electric vehicles generate any problems in the operational process? (n=24) high driving pleasure good acceleration 5.21 5.42 yes aprropriate maximum speed 4.08 no high driving comfort pleasant driving noises 4.54 5.25 0 5 10 15 20 25 Figure 8: Problems in the operational process (T2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 don't agree at all totally agree Figure 7: Driving performance (T0) Seite 12 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
Quantitative and qualitative surveys Demographic data 44 of 57 respondents were men More than half of them were between 41 and 60 (13 were between 21 and 40, 2 were younger than 21) -> reflects the average person, working in that business Communication Do you communicate your experiences with electromobility in your personal environment? (n=38) yes, but only in my private surroundings yes, but only in my professional environment yes, in my professional and private environment 0 10 20 30 40 Figure 9: Communication of the experiences (T2) Seite 13 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
Conclusion Handcraft companies are a perfect target group for the usage of inner-city electromobility Disprove of hard facts like: problems with range issues with charging infrastructure negative influence on the daily operations eflotte followup-project of the Federal state of Hesse = 2-week test drive for any hessian company source: frankfurtemobil.de, 2013 Seite 14 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015
Thank you for your attention! Dominic Hofmann, M. Sc. Research Assistant Department New Mobility Faculty 1: Architecture Civil Engineering Geomatics Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences E-Mail: dominic.hofmann@fb1.fra-uas.de www.frankfurt-university.de/verkehr Seite 15 Dominic Hofmann Annual Polis Conference 2015, Brussels Date 19.11.2015